Imbongi yaseMelika Emily Dickinson: Biography, ubuchule

Malunga umsebenzi wakhe, uyakwazi ukubhala ngaphezulu kakhulu ibhayografi. Into yokuba isiphelo wakhe abadani zizele iziganeko eqaqambileyo, ukuthandana uvuthuzayo, okanye ubuncinane naziphi amahla ndinyuka. Nokuba azilawule kwiindawo ezininzi ngenxa yokuba ukhetho ebomini bakhe. Imbongi Female kuluntu American phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19 inokuba ithandwe kakhulu, kodwa Emily Dickinson uzuko, udumo nobuze nasemsebenzini bakhetha kude cwaka kwisixeko lokuzalwa kwakhe. Kutheni? Inxenye impendulo yalo mbuzo unika nemibongo yakhe. Ngoko ke, yintoni esiyaziyo Emily Dickinson, ogama ndinyana ziyahlonelwa iincwadi American?

imvelaphi

Emily Elizabeth Dickinson wazalwa ngo-1830 kwidolophu encinane wephondo Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. Kukho yaye yaphela indlela yayo ngo-1886.

Yaba phakathi wabantwana abathathu igqwetha usapho kunye States Edward Dickinson. Imfundo lafumana puritanical, kusenokwenzeka ukuba banokuchaphazeleka kamva yokuphila kwakhe. Uye wakhula intombi Phendla kwaye abangcwele. Le ntsapho kakhulu zonqulo, noEmily ubuye nokholo kuThixo.

ukubunjwa

Emva kokugqiba kwimfundo yaseprayimari olunye Imbongi elizayo waqhubeka Academy of kwidolophu yakhe Amherst ukususela 1840 ukuya 1847. Apho, wafunda izifundo ezifana Latin, izibalo, ngezengqondo, ulwimi IsiNgesi kunye noncwadi. Kamva, kwakha kwakho iinzame kwi kwemfundo yabafazi, kodwa Emily apho iinyanga ezintandathu kuphela, waza wabuyela ekhaya. Ekubeni kwidolophu waba ezihlala balo abasisigxina, yena phantse akazange aye ngaphaya ebomini. Ngaphandle ibe luhambo oluya Washington, ekhatshwa nguyise wakhe, obekumele ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kule US Congress.

Ukuqulunqwa yobuntu imbongi

Kakade ke, kanye imfundo ngomoya eyayize wadlala indima ukuthingaza ukuba zivulelekile eluntwini. Ngenxa yoko, ngexesha ubomi imbongi ihlabathi umbonile nje inxalenye nesithandathu yemibongo zakhe. Okumangalisayo kukuba, nenyaniso yokuba umsebenzi wakhe iye yapapashwa, wenza naye, Emily Dickinson, kunye lyrics ezavela emva kokufa kwakhe encwadini.

Xa ndineminyaka eyi-14, yaye wafelwa umhlobo wakhe - umzala wakhe Sophia, ngoko waqala kuwela zibe kwimeko edandathekile, kwaye nkqu zidinga ukuvuselelwa. Lo ukufa wokuqala umntu omthandayo, eyayijonge UEmily, nto leyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo umfutho kuphuhliso ngakumbi umxholo unonophelo lobomi, aye njengomnye imisebenzi enkulu Dickinson. Nangona emva kwesi siganeko, yena waqala ukuya ngenkuthalo ecaweni, kodwa, ngokuqinisekileyo, engafumani apho le intuthuzelo, bayeka ukwenza njalo, kwaye zonke iingcinga zakhe malunga ukufuna intsingiselo ebomini kunye transience yobomi yambeswe kwimigca zemibongo.

Dickinson wayeqhelene iprozi nemibongo ixesha, ngokukodwa kunye transcendentalism ka Ralph Emerson kunye romanticism ka uWilliam Wordsworth, yaye kwabelwane abaninzi iimbono zabo. Oku kubonisa umnqweno walo kuzo zonke iingcamango okuqhubekayo. Nge sazi Emerson yena bade yembalelwano, yaye ngenxa yoko iintshukumisa ezifanayo zeentanda-bulumko lyrics zakhe.

impilo Personal

Kukho uqikelelo ezininzi malunga nezizathu kude bakhe ngokuzithandela, nabathandi neengcaciso ezingenamsebenzi nangoko zinika uthando ezingabuyekezekiyo, bathi, nendlela Yayingekho enye indlela? Phakathi izithandwa zakhe aliphumelelanga kwabalelwa nomhlobo yentsapho Ben Newton, yaye umfundi uHenry Emmons, kunye nombingeleli uCharles Wadsworth, kodwa akukho bungqina, ngaphandle intelekelelo nje nyulu, biographers abangenanto.

Liyinyaniso elokuba Emily Dickinson biography elingelilo ngokupheleleyo uthando, ishade, nangona yena waye emhle imbonakalo.

Ewe, nto intle ongafaniyo. Kodwa mhlawumbi owanyulwayo yakhe abazi masikhokelwe ideology: ihlabathi izityebi yangaphakathi Emili Dikinson wenza umntu eziva ezaneleyo kwaye ngaphandle umtshato okanye kubeleka. Enoba oko, uthando imibongo nokwenza Cardio akuthethi ikhangeleke ngokufuthi kwisihobe sakhe, kwaye nokuba kukho mibala zothando, ngoko bekhalisa kwimeko ethile yehlabathi ngakumbi, ezifana ubudlelwane phakathi komntu nendalo, indoda kunye noMdali.

Eyona engundoqo imixholo bobuchule

Akazange niggle, waza wafuna ukuya emazantsi, eyichukumisa kangaka kwimibongo yakhe. Ukuba kukuchaza izizathu eziphambili esebenza ngayo, siya iyakwazi ukuphawula zihloko zilandelayo: imbono ubuhle wembongi yehlabathi, uhlobo, la mava yezihlabo mntu, longquzulwano yobomi nendlela yokufa.

Malunga Emily Dickinson wathi: "Yena wayesifa kumbongo ngamnye." Ewe, imbongi, ngathi bedlala kokufa cat kunye mouse, ngokufuthi ndingaze ufile. Kodwa ke ukuqaphela ukuba kukho into nangoko ungalahleka, engenanto, yaye esoyikeka, kwaye lusizi kakhulu lyrical Dickinson. A mathuba nokukhanya kobomi - ninaluthando lunye, uvuyo - kuphela isandulela anabiosis ngokupheleleyo.

Uyabalisa ukuba ukufa utshabalalisa iyangqinelana ithwala isiphithiphithi, ngoko ufuna ukusombulula intsinda-badala imfihlelo ukungafi, evame badana kule befuna, yaye eqonda ukuba abantu ikamva - ubulolo.

Kodwa ke imbongi akathandi ukuba ukungabi ngokupheleleyo, kunoko, ukuba nesisa izinto ezilula, echaza ukuba zonke akumangalisi kusondele kakhulu, iba ngathi "ingelosi kwi ezitratweni zonke nakwimizi emnyango elandelayo indlu." Kodwa ke, kwelinye icala, Emily Dickinson, ukusuka apho uphindo imibongo ukuvakalisa iingcinga zayo, uyaqonda ukuba abantu baya kuze kuza phezu kwabo bonke, ngokukodwa lwendalo: "Ngapha koko, ngoko kude kuye, kokukhona kuza," ngoko ke "Kulungile ke, obungayi konakala kunikelwa esandleni. "

isihobe nokushicilela

Isibakala sokuba Emily wabhala umbongo, ukuze yaziwe ngabantu abaninzi, yaye intsapho yakhe ngokunjalo. Kodwa kuphela emva kokufa kwakhe, bakwazi ukuqonda ubukhulu umsebenzi wakhe xa udade wabo wafumana uyilo.

Uhlelo lokuqala imisebenzi behlabathi akubona ngo 1890. Kodwa uye bobuyekezo ezininzi. Kuphela ngo-1955, ngenxa kuTomas Johnson wapapasha ingqokelela epheleleyo kwimibongo yakhe imiqulu-3.

Emily Dickinson: iinguqulelo

Ngenxa iintshukumisa zonqulo eyaziwa kwisithuba lalisakuba yiSoviet, kancinane ngenxa phambi umsebenzi wakhe wamane.

Kakade ke, akukho nto indawo yokuqala, kodwa ukuba amazwi imbongi American abantu abakhulu Russian abathetha kwenziwe kutsha nje abaye. Umzekelo, lo msebenzi zathathwa yi L. Sitnik, A. Gavrilov, Grishin, J. Berger, kunye nabanye. Sekunjalo, hayi yonke imihobe 1,800 ngu Emily Dickinson, ziguqulelwe Russian. Kwakhona musa ufuna ukuvavanya ukufaneleka kwisini, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba kwisihobe Dickinson ngokupheleleyo nako va sigqithile ilizwi lomphulaphuli ngumguquleli obhinqileyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba imisebenzi T. Stamova kunye V. Markova.

Usafuna ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba kungekudala le mbongi qwa ekuthiwa omnye ezakudala zoncwadi yaseMelika, kuya kuba ngokucacileyo ngakumbi kwaye in Russian.