Jet moya Modern. I jet lokuqala

Ulutsha lwanamhlanje, nkqu abemi abaqolileyo, kuye kube nzima ukuqonda ukuba yintoni eyabangela imincili, kwabonakala oomatshini etshisayo, ngoko kumnandi. amathontsi way ngokukhawuleza sokuhlaziya of isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza, eyaye yachulumancisa ezingqondweni zabantu abatsha ngamahlanu yokuqala. Wide umphunga trail zenza kwacaca kwi uhlobo injini. Namhlanje, kuphela imidlalo yekhompyutha ezifana War Thunder, kunye nesiphakamiso kuthenga sendiza zokwazisa USSR, ukunika uluvo malunga neli nqanaba lophuhliso-moya zasekhaya. Kodwa ukuba kwaqala ngaphambi koko.

Ntoni i "izidubuli"

A umbuzo elifanelekileyo ophakamayo malunga igama uhlobo moya. In IsiNgesi ikhala ngokufutshane: Jet. definition Russian isityhilela ubukho oluthile yokusabela. Kucacile ukuba sithetha igcwala lwezibaso thina - oko ekhona ipetroli eqhelekileyo iinjini. Umgaqo yokusebenza ye jet moya iyafana nje rocket. wenyama asabela nomkhosi ye jet igesi betekisi luboniswa ngokunika kuyo icala yokunyusa. Bonke abanye - kufuneka ubuqili, ezibandakanya parameters ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa zale nkqubo, ezifana iimpawu ashukimisayo, inkqubo yabucala iphiko, uhlobo injini. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo apho iifemu zobunjineli ziye kufika kule nkqubo, ngokufuthi ukufumana izisombululo efanayo, ngokuzimeleyo kwelinye.

Ukusahlula moya uphando irula kule nkalo nzulu. Entsimini accelerators lomgubo efakiweyo ukunciphisa ubude ngokubaleka kunye afterburner, umsebenzi kwenziwa phambi kokuba imfazwe. Ngaphezu koko, ukuzama ukufaka motor isiguquli (ngokungeyompumelelo) ukuya Coanda moya ngo-1910 ukuba umenzi Henri Coandă wokuqinisa ophambili isiRomania. Noko ke, le uyilo Ekuqaleni esingasebenziyo, leyo kungqinwe uvavanyo lokuqala, ngexesha apho moya atshiswe.

amanyathelo okuqala

-Moya yokuqala jet ekwaziyo ukuqhuba emoyeni ixesha elide, kwabonakala kamva. Vulindlela amaJamani, nangona ezinye inkqubela eyenziwe kwamanye amazwe, izazinzulu - eUnited States, Italy, iBritani umva ngelixa Nngokobuchwepheshe Japan. Ezi zikhohlela zimbini ke, enyanisweni, neziwuza umlweli eqhelekileyo bomber, leyo ifakelwe uhlobo iinjini ezintsha ophephela abalwaziyo, nto leyo ayimangalisi nokungathembani. Kwi-USSR le ngxaki, iinjineli nayo inxaxheba, kodwa kungekhona esebenzayo, ekuye kwagxininiswa eqinisekisiwe kwaye ethembekileyo Screw buciko. Kunjalo jet moya imodeli B-1, baxhotyiswa kuyilo TRD neebhedi i AM kwavavanywa nje phambi kokuba imfazwe. sasikhe kakhulu,-nitric acid, kusetyenziswa i-unit njengoko oxidant, esidla up amatanki amafutha, kwakukho nezinye iingxaki, kodwa amanyathelo okuqala zisoloko nzima.

"Shturmfogel" Hitler

Ngenxa psyche i uMlawuli kaThixo, wayenethemba kuzintlekeza 'iintshaba Reich "(apho ingqalelo ilizwe phantse bonke behlabathi), eJamani emva kokuqalisa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II wajika umsebenzi ekudalweni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo" izixhobo wonder ", kuquka Jets. Ayizizo zonke iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa ziwe phantsi. Kuba elinempumelelo ziquka "Messerschmitt-262" (aka "Shturmfogel") - i-jet moya yokuqala ehlabathini ukuya ubunzima-zaveliswa. Icebo yafakwa nge injini ezimbini turbojet, radar baba nesahlulo impumlo, ngesantya phezulu kufutshane sonic (ngaphezu kwe-900 km / h), kwaye ndlela kakhulu ngempumelelo yokujongana abanama-ephakame B-17 ( "inqaba flying") namahlakani. Adolf Hitler ukholo kwempambano kwi amathuba akhethekileyo ubuchwepheshe obutsha, Noko ke, ngumzali wadlala indima ezimbi lupwa iibhayografi Me-262. Yenzelwe nje ukulwa, yena wawuqondiswa ngu "phezulu", aguqulwa abe bomber, kwaye kule kwako akabanga ngokupheleleyo.

"Arado"

jet mgaqo isicelo embindini ka-1944 ukwenzela ukwakhiwa bomber "Arado-234" (kwakhona yi amaJamani). Wakwazi ukuba babonise ukulwa imisebenzi yabo enkulu, balwa izikhundla Amanyeneyo ukuba afike kule ndawo kwizibuko Cherbourg. Isantya 740 km / h kunye nophahla lwangaphakathi-ezilishumi azithanga flak ithuba Uyalutsala kodwa Fighters American kwaye British nje ayikwazanga bungasifumani naye. Ukongeza iziqhushumbisi (okusecaleni kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo), "Arado" wavelisa ufoto lwasemoyeni. Amava yesibini ukuyisebenzisa njengendlela bothukile wathabatha kwisixeko Liege. ilahleko German na ekungenwe, kwaye xa izibonelelo ukusuka ku Germany wayemkhulu yaye kwezoshishino kukwazi ukukhulula "Ar-234" kwi imali iikopi ezingaphezulu kwama-36 lamazwe zokusebenzisana anti-Hitler wayeza luwenze kakubi.

"U-287"

Uphuhliso German yawa ezandleni lama ngexesha wons Second World ithi emva kokoyiswa udushe. amazwe Western sele kwisigaba sokugqibela umlo baye baqalisa ukulungiselela longquzulwano esiza USSR. Ubunkokheli Stalin uye uthathe sokubala-amanyathelo. Omabini la macala, kwaye kwacaca ukuba imfazwe elandelayo, ukuba oko kwenzeka, kuya kuba Jets ekulweni. USSR ngelo xesha engakabi impembelelo enyukliya wayesebenza kuphela nokudalwa ubugcisa bemveliso ye ezabo atomic. Kodwa Amerika umdla kakhulu esibamba "Junkers-287", nto leyo yaba data moya unique (zokunqanda umthwalo ka-4000 kg, uluhlu ka 1500 km, lo m isilingi 5000, isantya 860 km / h). Ezine injini sweepback ezimbi (prototype elizayo "engabonakaliyo) uvumela ukusetyenziswa kwe-moya-atom njengoko yenethiwekhi.

Kwempi yokuqala

Yemfazwe abakhange wadlala indima egwebayo ngexesha Second World War, ngoko ke ubuninzi kwezibonelelo yemveliso eSoviet yajolisa iinzame zayo ekuphuculeni kuyilo kunye nokwandisa imveliso ye Fighters eqhelekileyo esijijwayo, iinqwelo-moya kuhlaselwa kunye ekuhlaseleni. Umbuzo zomuntu ofuna iintlawulo eliphakathi atomic ibe nzima, kwaye kwagqitywa ekubeni ngokukhawuleza ngokukhuphela American iBoeing B-29 (Tu-4), kodwa injongo ephambili inkcaso kuso nasiphi na ndlongo kunokwenzeka. Ukuze wenze oku, kuqala bonke abantu abalwa ezifunekayo - ubude, lubhetyebhetye yaye, ke, isantya. Malunga indlela yokuphuhlisa indlela entsha moya, ungenza kugwetywa unobumba lowo wengcibi yokuluka A. S. Yakovleva kwiKomiti Central (Autumn 1945), owafumana ukuqonda ethile. Uphando elula ubunkokheli wathimba iqela iteknoloji isiJamani ingqalelo kuyo umlinganiselo ayonelanga. Country zazibalulekile Jets Soviet mihla ongekho ngaphantsi isikhulu kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Xa kuqhutywa oku kuvezwa ngo-1946 wokuwonga elaa isikhumbuzo-Oktobha Revolution (Tushino) kwakufuneka ukuba abonise abantu kunye neendwendwe amazwe.

Temporary Yaqui and MiGs

Bonisa oko, kodwa akazange kwenzeke: ushwankathelwa imozulu, kwakukho inkungu. Imiboniso-moya omtsha yafudukela May Day. -Moya yokuqala Soviet jet wenza uthotho leesampulu-15 ziye zaphuhliswa Mikoyan kunye Gurevich (MIG-9) kunye Yakovlev (Yak-15). Zombini iisampulu hlukile amanyathelo igobhogobho yemizobo apho inxalenye nomsila emazantsi uhlanjiweyo yi-jet esikhutshwe umlomo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukukhuselwa nxamnye nobushushu, le nxalenye wazigquma nesingxobo maleko ekhethekileyo eyenziwe ngentsimbi eliyinjubaqa. Zombini ndiza baba ubunzima ezahlukeneyo, injini kunye nenjongo, kodwa ngokubanzi ingqinelana kurhulumente of Soviet zokwakha moya isikolo novalo emva kwexesha. injongo yawo ephambili ukuya uhlobo olutsha lwesityalo amandla, kodwa ngaphaya ukuze enze neminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo: abasebenzi flight uqeqesho kunye nophuhliso kwemiba zobugcisa. Ezi Jets, nangona imiqulu ezinkulu output yabo (ngamakhulu iiyunithi), babonwa nje okwethutyana kwaye ukuba itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngoko nangoko emva kokuvela kwezoyilo oluphambili ngakumbi. Yaye kungekudala, mzuzu ufikile.

lweshumi

Lo moya uye waba lamandulo. Wakha i seyona series nanto, kokubini ukulwa kwaye kwinguqulelo yesikolo ngezibini. Uyilo MIG-15 kusetyenziswa izisombululo ezininzi olululo zobugcisa, lilinge lokuqala ukudala inkqubo elingwayo yokuhlangula oluthembekileyo (isilinge), oko mayixhotyiswe shaka kwezikhali enamandla. Isantya jet, luluncinane, kodwa esebenzayo kakhulu, wakwazi ukuba litshitshiswe armadas of ekuhlaseleni zobuchule onzima esibhakabhakeni of Korea, apho imfazwe nolu- kungekudala emva ukuvela interceptor entsha. Le elingana a MIG baba "hsen" American, wakha phezu scheme efanayo. Ngexesha kwezixhobo zokulwa yawa ezandleni yotshaba. moya Soviet eziye pilot North Korean, ehendwa umvuzo imali enkulu. Waphu- "American" waba nako ukuphuma kwamanzi yaye ihanjiswa eSoviet Union. Kukho "exchange yamava" mutual ukufunda ukusuka design izixazululo kakhulu yimpumelelo.

umkhweli jet

Isantya-moya jet - ingenelo yayo engundoqo, kwaye ingafakwa kuphela ekuhlaseleni kunye mlilo. Sele novalo emva kwexesha International Airlines asinde nqanawa "comet", awayakhayo eBritani. It is ngokukodwa wadala kuthutho lwabantu, kwaba ekhululekile kwaye fast, kodwa ngelishwa ethembekileyo: iingozi esixhenxe Kwathi kwisithuba seminyaka emibini. Kodwa inkqubela entsimini-high speed umkhweli yezithuthi iye akunakwenzeka ukuba ayeke. Ngeminyaka yee-ngamahlanu kwi-USSR wabonakala TU-104 uguqulelo edume uguqulo Tu-16 bomber. Nangona isiganeko moya eziliqela ezenzeka nenqwelo-moya entsha, moya jet nalapha ngaphakatyhi kahle iindiza. ifomu Ngokuthe ngcembe zibonakale ixesha elide nqanawa kunye ingcamango ifanele ibe yintoni. Ophephela (Screw ophephela) ezisetyenziswa yi nabayili ngokuya kunyamalala.

Generation karma moya: i, owesibini ...

Njengaye phantse enye indlela, interceptors jet ihlelwa yi ngezizukulwana. Xa zizonke ngoku kukho ezintlanu, yaye zahluke nje kuphela imifuziselo uhlelo iminyaka, kodwa iimpawu zoyilo. Ukuba umba zeesampulu yokuqala ngokusisiseko kwakufuneka ukuba aphume isiseko kwempumelelo entsimini yokubhabha yamandulo (ngamanye amagama, kukho uhlobo injini umahluko ophambili phakathi kwabo), isizukulwana yesibini wathabatha phezu iimpawu ezibalulekileyo (iphiko itshayelwe, imilo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo le fuselage, njalo njalo.) Kule ngamahlanu, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba umoya kwempi soze ukunxiba ubhalo-moya, kodwa ixesha lubonise ubandlululo nale mbono.

... kwaye ukusuka wesithathu ukuba yesihlanu

"Dog uwonkewonke" ye gqira phakathi "Skyhawk", "wabo" kunye MiGs esibhakabhakeni phezu Vietnam kunye noMbindi Mpuma zibonise indlela yophuhliso ngakumbi, ekuphawuleni ukufika interceptors jet isizukulwana yesibini. iphiko geometry eliguqukayo, isakhono multiple overspeed isandi kunye imijukujelwa ezidityaniswe onamandla iimpawu avionics nawo besesithathu isizukulwana. Okwangoku, i-Air Force isiseko epakini uninzi lwamazwe zonyango ezihambele phambili zenza nakwesesine isizukulwana kulo imoto, eyaba imveliso phambili uphuhliso. Kwi iingalo ziye kufika iisampuli efezekileyo ngakumbi edibanisa ngesantya esiphezulu, uphume, ukubonakala eliphantsi kunye neendlela W.. Esi isizukulwana sesihlanu.

injini Turbofan

Ngaphandle namhlanje Jets iisampuli yokuqala khangela kakhulu anachronistic. View uninzi lwazo kakhulu kule mihla, kwaye iinkcukacha (ezifana eluphahleni kunye nesantya) ayahluki kakhulu namhlanje, ubuncinane xa efika kuqala. Noko ke, phezu omaziyo kufutshane ne iimpawu ukusebenza kwezi koomatshini, kucacile ukuba kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo ukwenza idabi ngokomgangatho imiyalelo emibini. Okokuqala, ingcamango variable lugxile kumda wesangqa, ukudala amathuba zijike kunye ngequbuliso. Okwesibini, inqwelomoya yokulwa ngoku bakwazi ukuhlala ixesha elide emoyeni ze bahambe imigama emide. Lo mba kungenxa amafutha ephantsi, oko kukuthi ukonga. Bayiphumeza besebenzisa oko, ukubeka ulwimi yobugcisa,-mbini zeesekethe (elisezantsi-lokuphumelela). Iingcali bayazi ukuba iteknoloji yokutsha wathi libonelela epheleleyo ngakumbi yokutsha yayo.

Ezinye iimpawu moya jet lwangoku

Ezininzi zazo. jet civil moya iinjini Modern ziyavela ingxolo ephantsi, intuthuzelo aphezulu kunye nozinzo eliphezulu ibhabha. ke idla ngokuba ibanzi-emzimbeni (kuquka mnogopalubnye). Iisampulu ezontathu zixhotyiswe bangathathi (iyasebenza kwaye passive) ukuphumeza radar Utyikityo eliphantsi imfazwe elektroniki. Ngandlel 'ithile, iimfuneko zokhuselo neepatheni yorhwebo phambana namhlanje. iimfuno nocikizeko zonke iintlobo moya, nangona ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo: kwimeko mnye, ukuphucula inzuzo, omnye - ukwandisa ukulwa radius. Kwaye namhlanje kufuneka enze ingxolo kangangoko encinane kangangoko kunokwenzeka zombini iliso kunye emkhosini.