Izinikezeli endle yombane

umzimba Various, njengoko waziwa kakuhle, yahlulwe yaba nonconductors (dielectrics) kunye nezinikezeli ngeempawu zazo zombane. Enye iimpawu babe abaqhubi esigangeni yombane, kukuba izityholo zilingana phezu kwayo, ngaphakathi apho intsimi zombane angekhoyo. Indlela ukuchaza le nto?

Eyona nto kukuba izinikezeli okukhethekile iintlawulo zombane. Ngenxa yoko, izinyithi ezifana macala iziphathi ezifana elektroni eziye ezilahlekileyo adibane atom. Zibizwa ngokuba electron simahla.

elektroni olunjalo umbexeshi otyhidiweyo, ibekwa kwiinkalo zombane, phantsi kwempembelelo intsimi amandla iza kuhamba kwicala ophambi intsimi zombane of ngamandla.

Thatha isikhokelo endle ABCD zombane, nto leyo ibekwa entsimini efanayo, ngamandla, ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene.

Kumphezulu AC umqhubi lwenzeka isigxina abangaphezu kwemfuneko ezimbi, yaye ngokugqithiseleyo ezakhayo - kwenye DB. Kulo mzekelo sibona ukuba iingcingo endle sombane zezona ugesi. Izityholo zivelayo phezu komhlaba ngumqhubi, ukudala ngaphakathi kuyo endle eyongezelelweyo zombane. imigca yayo endle sibe kwicala elahlukileyo malunga imigca asendle zaseprayimari. Ngenxa yoko, amaphaphu yentsimi komhlaba kwindawo umqhubi lifinyele, ngamanye amazwi, Luyancipha ungamandla enza elektroni simahla, kwaye kudala intshukumo yabo. Izityholo ukuba abaqhubi esigangeni yombane, intshukumo uza kuyeka xa isiphumo intsimi amandla ngaphakathi kwabo uya zero.

Ngoko ke, xa intsalela iintlawuliso umqhubi ngaphakathi endle engekhoyo. ukungabikho kwalo ingasetyenziswa ukukhusela umzimba kwimiphumo lentsimi zombane lwangaphandle. Ukulungiselela le njongo kwanele ukulujikeleza umzimba umaleko obhityileyo conductive, umz, ukuba ayifake kwibhokisi yesinyithi. emasimini akayi kuba ngaphakathi kule bhokisi.

Ukungqina le yokuba umqhubi umthetho akukho mhlaba yombane, kumava akhe, Faraday wakha khetshi wire enkulu, nto leyo ifakiwe insulators kunye agcwalisiwe. Ukuba ngaphakathi kwiseli kunye electroscope hypersensitive, Faraday wabonisa ukuba ngaphakathi hayi ngamandla ombane, nangona swi kumphezulu elingaphandle na intlawulo ebalulekileyo kakhulu. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba kombane ngu impembelelo okanye induction electrostatic. unobangela wayo - isiphumo yentsimi zombane lwangaphandle kwi electron kwi umqhubi zingabi namhlali. Neentlawulo aye abaqhubi esigangeni yombane, ebizwa izityholo uqhutyelwe.

Ngokusebenzisa impembelelo kombane nesenzeko ucacisa umtsalane phakathi kwamaqumrhu umbane kwaye nenaelektrizovannymi, kwakunye ukudluliswa kwentlawulo kombane zoqhagamshelwano imizimba.

Xa umzimba umbane iindlela umqhubi lula wozibonakalisa kwawo izityholo uqhutyelwe zombini iimpawu. Ngenxa yoko, namacala uphawu malunga Kuza kutsalwa umdla emzimbeni, yaye iintlawulo ziya dudula. Ngenxa yokuba izityholo sifana ecaleni umqhubi ukukhanya, kude kakhulu emzimbeni, nomphumela le mibutho mibini ungamandla yomtsalane. Phantsi yempembelelo yalo mandla umqhubi ukukhanya uthanda umzimba. Ngexesha zoqhagamshelwano isigxina eyabangelwa ke uphawu malunga ziya bangabi ngokuphembelela intlawulo inxalenye leyo ilingana kuyo ubukhulu. Kwi umqhubi ukukhanya uhlala umqondiso efanayo kwentlawulo, yaye umzimba.

Ngenxa yokuba umqhubi ukukhanya ngoku intlawulo enye umzimba, uya ukutyhala ndinqumle kuyo; into siyigcine ngokomfuniselo.

Abaqhubi kunye dielectrics endle sombane kufuneka iipropati ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, dielectrics kufuneka phantse akukho ntlawulo simahla. Xa zibekwe kwintsimi yombane of nokwehlukana kwenzeka.