Sodium hayidroksayidi, iimpawu zayo ngokomzimba chemical:

Isodiyam hayidroksayidi, okanye icaustic - compound ezingaphiliyo lalo udidi iziseko okanye hydroxides. Kwakhona kule nqubo aphesheya le into ekuthiwa soda abuhlungu. igama Common - icaustic - kwaba ngenxa wesenzo eyomeleleyo entsimbini.

Le into eqinileyo crystalline emhlophe ukuba hygroscopicity, ukunyibilika ngama-328. Isodiyam hayidroksayidi kuba lula enyibilikayo emanzini kwaye electrolyte eyomeleleyo. Xa dissociation waphula ibe zesiqinisekiso otyhidiweyo kunye ion hayidroksayidi phezulu.

Xa kupheliswa emanzini Iifomu umchiza - kwealkali - anesepha ndiyachukumisa. Le yokusabela aqhubeke ngokukhawuleza kakhulu - amanzi kunye nobushushu. Siwela abuhlungu ukuba ulusu kunye imifinya yangaphakathi ibangela ukutsha kakhulu kwemichiza, ngoko xa usebenza, kufuneka silumke kwaye nikhusele izandla zenu namehlo. Emva ukuqhagamshelana ingxam epithelium okanye amehlo, umlomo, kuyimfuneko msinyane nje kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo ukuze zohlanjwa ngamanzi kunye nesisombululo ezibuthathaka acetic (2%), okanye boron (3%) se-asidi, uze kwakhona ngamanzi. Emva ngokunika uncedo olungxamisekileyo kwabo amaxhoba kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Isodiyam hayidroksayidi (chemical formula umchiza - NaOH, struturnaya - NaOH) - into iikhemikhali esebenzayo, nto leyo zisenokuxabana zombini ezingaphiliyo kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Bona it kwi izisombululo zolwelo ziya qualitative reaction ukuba kwaku- hayidroksayidi kunye ezahlukeneyo indicators. Ngenxa yoko, Isalathisi litmus uba obhulowu bumnyama, imethyl-orenji - tyheli, kunye ਫ਼ੂਜਿੰਗ inkqubo - raspberry, apho ukwanda umbala liya kuxhomekeka kwindlela ekwakugquba ngayo kwealkali.

sodium Gidrksid bangene ukusabela ngaleyo:

1. neutralization isakudityaniswa nee-asidi, oxides acid kunye nemixube amphoteric. Isiphumo sale ukusabela ukuyilwa amanzi kunye gidroksokompleka ityuwa okanye - kwimeko yendlela kunye bajula oxides amphoteric;

2. abelane iityuwa;

3. kunye nesinyithi abakulo ireyi hydrogen Beketova elektorhimichesky yaye oluphantsi;

4. a non-isinyithi kunye halogens;

4. esters haydrolisis;

5. saponification kunye amafutha (kwakhiwa isepha kunye glycerin);

6. asabela ne-alkoholi (alkoxides wavelisa kweziyobisi).

Kananjalo uhlobo otyhidiweyo icaustic ingatshabalalisa imveliso yephondo kunye negilasi, kwaye kukho ioksijini - intsimbi amanene (platinum).

Isodiyam hayidroksayidi nibe senilungile ndlela:

1. electrolysis of zolwelo NaCl (uvalo kunye ndizayo indlela)
2. chemical (lime kunye indlela ferrite).

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo zisekelwe electrolysis, ngokuba ukuba nenzuzo.

soda abuhlungu zithandwa kakhulu kwaye lisetyenziswa mveliso ezininzi - izithambiso, Intlama nePhepha, imichiza, elukiweyo, ukutya. Isetyenziswa njengento isongezo E-524, kuba kumasango degassing kwaye ekulungiseleleni biodiesel.

Ngenxa yoko, sodium hayidroksayidi, - i ngesepha, nto leyo eye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zabantu ngenxa yobuchule bendalo afana izidubuli.