Moya Light Yak-12: neNgcaciso, iifoto, imbali wendalo

Ngo 1940, inkokheli eSoviet yamkele isicwangciso sophuhliso ngokutsha loqoqosho lwesizwe. Ngokutsho kwakhe, utshintsho olumandla ezachaphazela icandelo lezolimo. Ukuze kuphuculwe iinkonzo ulawulo lwezinambuzane kunye nococeko abantu baqalisa ukuba ngokubonakalayo umgca lomoya le. Oku kukhokelele ukuvela omnye ukukhanya ngexesha iinjini moya. Kubalulekile moya ezinjenge Yak-12.

History of indalo

I-Yak-12 multi-injongo nezithuthi esilungiselelwe yi-bureau yoyilo phantsi kolwalathiso A. S. Yakovleva. Emva iimvavanyo ngempumelelo ngowe-1946, ukudalwa Aviation baqalisa ngobuninzi isivuno. Kodwa enye ye pilot uvavanyo ayikwazanga ezweni-moya kwindawo enikiweyo ngokobuqu Stalin, nokuveliswa serial yemodeli moya iye yayekwa. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uyilo lwe-moya moya Yak-12 phakathi kwezinye iimoto ye xesha elinye intle kwaye impazamo phezu inxalenye imveliso elingwayo-scale kuqaliswe kuphela emva kokufa inkokeli ngayo.

Uyilo kumatshini moya

Ekuqaleni, lo moya ilungiselelwe uMkhosi waseMoyeni njengoko umatshini kabini, ekwaziyo ukwenza iingxaki zococeko kunye iqhagamshele. Yak-12 yaba isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo; ngokuba nokuveliswa neziseko fuselage hromansilevye kusetyenziswa welding umbhobho. Duralumin izakhelo zenziwa-Spar ezimbini iphiko, tailplane kunye ailerons. Amaphiko kunye necandelo nesisila zaye esikiwe ngeqhiya. Ukuze lungisa isaphetha kusetyenziswa duralumin. Wood waba isiseko kwimveliso ngezithandelo formwork moya. Umatshini Aviation Sanitary yafakwa kunye Dural fender wesampula ezisisigxina. Ukunciphisa uxhathiso kwi kwisisu semoto besive uhlobo pyramidal, oko imvelaphi inyuselwa tape ezikhethekileyo - guy.

Aircraft endlwaneni fanele ku uhlobo emotweni kwaye ukubonelela ukuya kubantu abane. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwicala elifanelekileyo yaseka lokukhwelisa ukuthutha, bancwine abahlatyiweyo. Uninzi moya wokuqala Yak-12 nee-injini M-11FR iilitha ezili-160. a. yaye iphela. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, isakhiwo moya ziye indawo iinkuni aluminiyam.

nomgomo

Yak-12 moya liye lasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezolimo. Ngoncedo lo matshini wenziwa lokunxibela izichumisi izityalo, imboni, izityalo zivelise izityalo kunye namasimi. Kwakhona ezisenokusebenza yezigulana. I-Yak-12 yayisetyenziswa njengendawo njengomthuthi imeyile kunye ethwele. Njengoko umthuthi umkhweli yale ndiza efanelekileyo kwiindlela ezincinane. Lo matshini lwenzelwe abakhweli amabini kwaye iyakwazi withstanding umthwalo awudluli eekhilogram 350. Isikolo sasehlotyeni for parachute wayisebenzisela Yak-12.

Icebo kunye noyilo lwe kumatshini moya ezininzi esibonakala elula kunye ruggedness iyasetyenziswa, phambi izikhululo zikanomathotholo kunye nezixhobo, nokuvumela ukuba iinqwelo-moya ebusuku kunye yemozulu embi. Ukongeza eSoviet Union, i-moya iye yasetyenziswa e-China kunye ePoland, apho yaveliswa njengoko PZL-101 Gawron.

incazelo

Yak-December 1947 mpikiswano waxhathisa vysokoplanom usebenzisa injini M-11FR. uyilo moya angaba ekharejini emibini okanye emithathu-ndawo. Yak-12 ekuqaleni kwayilwa ngokuphindwe kabini. ezikhaphukhaphu iphiko na V-okwe kwaye idibane kwi udumbo ngenxa nokubopha kwisisu semoto. Ngokuba fixed elinye icala duralumin ebalulekileyo ukuhlasela engile akukho yingozi. Ukuphuculwa chassis pyramidal (bavavanywa Yak-10) ibe ekhethekileyo tape-ukulibaziseka, obususela yevili ngalinye ukuya njengesikhuseli ngerabha.

Umsebenzi brake olwenziwa kunye amavili eziphambili 6 x 18 cm kunye nomsila-20 x 11 cm. Bangakwazi iqhotyoshelwe ski. Management iquka cable runs. Isendaweni phezu abasuke iphiko kakhulu ukuphucula iimpawu indiza, kunye nempembelelo entle nokhuseleko ngexesha esemoyeni.

I-Yak-12: Ukucacisa

• Ubude - 8,36 m.
• Height - 3,76 m.
• Chopho - m-12.
• Wing Area - 21,60 m ^2.
• ubunzima Aircraft - 830 kg.
• ubunzima eyamkelekileyo (enye inokupheliswa) kwaba 1450 kg.
• Iinjini - 1PD M-11FR.
• santya siphezulu - 194 km / h.
• Isantya ingami - 169 km / h.
• Isantya Landing - 90 km / h.
• Onge - 1h160 KN.
• Le nqwelo-moya zenzelwe ukubhabha iiyure-4.
• Flight lomqolo - 760 km.

Yak-12 ukuguqulwa

moya Model luphawulwa lula ukusebenza, ukwenzela ukuba ingasetyenziswa kwizikolo ngenqwelomoya njengoko umqeqeshi. Ukongeza kuqeqesho, ukuba uyakwazi ukwenza eminye imisebenzi ngokuxhomekeke kwinguqulelo:

• Yak-12B ithathwa ukuba umzekelo kuphela kunye ohr 35 yeemitha umgama ukusuka. Uyilo injini baxhotyiswe AI-14RF, ogama umthamo iilitha 300. a.
• Yak-12C - emoyeni ambulance ukuthutha indoda longxwelerhiweyo.
• Yak-12SKH - inguqulelo ye-moya ukulungiselela iinjongo zezolimo. Iqhuba uvuvuzelo kwamabala eluhlaza zinambuzane lokutshiza. Uyilo lixhotyiswe netanki ekhethekileyo ibekwe phantsi fuselage.
• Yak-12R - moya kuba Force Air. Umsebenzi - ukunxibelelana. Uyilo features injini enamandla AI-14P (260 l. C.). Inxalenye umsila lixhotyiswe qwenge - waziqhekeza ekhethekileyo umlobothi wakho, nto leyo yazika ngexesha lokumisa kwi primer, ukunciphisa mileage yayo.

zokuphucula

Lowo kakhulu lokuqala ingqalelo ulwakhiwo moya Yak-12. imodeli moya loguqulelo A bayo utshintsho ne kwexesha:

• Wings ezifunyenwe imilo trapezoidal yaye baxhotyiswe kunye abasuke, eziquka canting omnye.
• itanki yezibaso: ukwanda ubukhulu.
• eqinisa isisu semoto.
• Helm ufumene uphondo imilo.
• Moya. Xa iiyunithi ngokungqalileyo yaye Injengokubengezela icala ukuphucula imboniselo. A inkqubela ebonakalayo xa nchavelelo ekharejini kwaba ngenxa yokusetyenziswa soft ngofele entofontofo. Ubunzima avumelekile eyayinako ukukhuphula Yak-12A, yaba 1588 kg. Ngenxa yotshintsho womgca iphiko ngcono kakhulu yokubhabha, ukwanda isantya ka-30 km / hr kunye noluhlu moya.

kwenziwa nenye

Wathinta fuselage ngasemva kunye nobude matshini.

• Yak-12m liye landa ukuya kwiimitha 9.
• Ukuyilwa yaziswa mazwe forkil somhlaba.
• Front chassis phambi fuselage kunye nephiko bahambahamba steel lwesamente.
• ukunqunyanyiswa ngamanzi esikhundleni ngerabha.
• Endlwaneni ukuguqula Yak-12 yenzelwe abathathu.

Yintoni utshintsho?

Ngenxa yotshintsho-moya iguqulwe:

• Kuba umsebenzi wokulima. Ungakwazi ukuseta izixhobo eziyimfuneko iiyure ezimbini kuyilo kumatshini.
• Ukwenza iingxaki zempilo. Kwakukho indawo ngokwaneleyo ukuze kubonelelwe, ukongeza yabaqhubi ababini, omnye ugqirha wayilimaza.
• Ukwenza uqeqesho ukweqa. Ngokukodwa zixhonywe kwicala lasekunene footrest kuyancipha le ngxaki.

Aircraft kuba Soviet Air Force

Yak-12R wenziwa utyando yiSoviet Air Force njengommeli kunye nesithuthi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le model mayixhotyiswe injini enamandla AI-14P (260 l. C.), Yaye esijijwayo Vish 539L-11. Wood elibele kubekwa duralumin. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa ubude umendo kwi zomhlaba namageduka ukuya kwiimitha ezili-50 ngo-Yak-12R isusiwe elekhtrons nezembe leyo ngaphambili kwaku amavili eziphambili ngasemva. Ndlwana lwenzelwe abathathu. ubunzima Aircraft zafikelela 912 kg.

Trainer version

Ekuqaleni kowe-1959 le abayili Soviet baqalisa ukuba ziphuhliswe moya kuyi Yak-12 UT. Injongo yawo yayikukuqeqesha abaqhubi emkhosini ukwenza kokwehla owokubethelwa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, endlwaneni iye ifakwe:

• Iseti yesibini, sivumele zombini ukubaleka-moya injini Yak-12 UT, enze iinyawo ulawulo.
• Radio ikhampasi UMKHUMBI-5.
• iseti lula kwezixhobo Cap-48 kunye owamenzela kwendiza eyimfama.
• Marker umyalezo MRP-48.
• Radio altimeter RV-2.
• generator HSC-1500. Nalo kwenzeka izixhobo okutya.

test

Ngowe-1950, i-Yak-12 iye yavavanywa WT GC NIIVVS kwaye Kucetyiswa ukuba izikolo ukubhabha Force Air ibe kuyi ezisebenzayo kuqeqesho ililinge. Xa ukuqhwalela efanayo zaye zachongwa:

• 1700, ukuvukelwa nganye iincakuba ngomzuzu wabonisa amandla amandla omoya generator GSK-1500.
• I-eriyali isetyenziswa ne amandla zaneleyo - ngumamkeli uye wasebenza kuphela kubude elingagqithanga leemitha 1850.
• Uluhlu lweentlobo ikhampasi yaba km 160. Kwakungekho ngokwaneleyo, njengoko iKomishini ukubeka phambili iimfuno leemitha ubuncinane 180.

Emva kovavanyo ngoJuni watyunjwa kwakhona ngo-Oktobha kunyaka omnye. Emva yokugqiba ye-Yak-12 baxhotyiswe UT:

• mshini WA-5 apho waphawulwa njengotshintsho incochoyi yabe ngexesha moya;
• iseti T-imilo eriyali wayesebenza ngokufanelekileyo nanini na ubude.

Ngowe-1952, lo moya sele udlule ngempumelelo uvavanyo entsha. Kunjalo, akukho ndawo maxwebhu aliveli njengoko UT Yak-12.

moya isampula Sanitary

Yak-12C 1948 ukukhululwa igqalwa uguqulelo ucoceko-moya kolu ngcelele. Uyilo lo matshini moya iguqulwe ukuthutha umguli. Icala lasekhohlo bead zilungiswe lokukhwelisa. Akukho ezinye iinguqu kwi-Yak-12 ayizange. moya engenanto ubunzima 852 kg kwaye liyakwazi ukumelana umthwalo ukuya ku-380 kg. Yayifakwe ubunzima izixhobo ezizodwa, nto leyo eyayifikelela kwi-22 kg. Yak-12 ithuthwa imithwalo zonyango ukuya kwi 175 kg kwaye parameters zayo bangcono 2C.

Yenza lo moya ngezandla zabo

Kunye nezinto eziyimfuneko, ungenza i Yak-12 ukusuka potolochki ekhaya (eluphahleni tile extrusion of istro). Phambi izixhobo eziyimfuneko kunye abaza kuzisebenzisa ukumelana nalo msebenzi ayikho nzima.

Zokwakha, izixhobo kunye abaza kuzisebenzisa

Ukuze asebenze ezidingekayo izinto ezinjalo;

• potolochka zenza 0.5 cm;
• iglu ekhethekileyo yeethayile yophahla;
• 10 ml ngesirinji;
• tape multi-bala;
• wire ububanzi 0.1 cm;
• -A4.

Izixhobo ezifunekayo:

• ibhodi tyaba, kananjalo kube lula ukusebenza;
• Zokubhala imela;
• line imitha;
• elilukhuni.

iinxalenye:

• injini yombane ayikho ngaphantsi kwe 1100 rpm;
• ibhetri volts 12;
• bendiza enye.

Qala. Ukusebenza ngemizobo

Phambi kokuba uqale, kufuneka ube ufifi othanda ngayo RC moya Yak-12. Kucetyiswa ukuba ukufumana imizobo eziyimfuneko. imizobo iprintwe kuncedo kufuneka banikwe serial numbers. Emva kokuba ibolile ngokungqinelana amanani endaweni ethe tyaba.

Ukuveliswa iinkcukacha ukuze imveliso

Ngokusekelwe imizobo, uyakwazi ukuqhubeka kwi Ukusikwa kwiindawo eziyimfuneko. Kaloku, ukuba umba kukho inani elikhulu lee layini ezithe tye. Kulo mzekelo, loo nto ithathwa lula.

Ukusebenza kumzobo kuya kufuneka inaliti. Ukusebenzisa oko, ukuhlatywa ezicwangciselwe zonke engile. Emva koko, lo umgca eyayibekelwe ukusuka okuhlatywa ukuya kwelilandelayo imela zokubhala eyenziwe slits kwephepha. Basuke ababulawa ngokulandelelana logama nje umzobo lowo ayakhekanga ukulungele ngokupheleleyo kuncanyatheliswe kwikamva-moya. Nge ubuhlobo babo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba oko kungqubana imilinganiselo kunye nejiyometri le modeli kwixesha elizayo.

Iphepha ngalinye kunokubangela iindawo ngokungeyomfuneko chatha ekufuneka kunqunyulwa. Ngenxa yoko, amaqhekeza ngesakhiwo mababe uhlanganiswe omnye komnye. Kuphela emva koko ngoncedo isirinji zingenziwa ubuhlobo babo.

ibandla

• Xa ibandla imveliso kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba icala iye ngaplastiki ukuya inxenye engaphandle.
• Into ebalulekileyo ingqalelo ubungakanani ukuthobela iindawo aqingqiweyo kunye nemilinganiselo ukuba unalo ibhetri egcwalisekayo - mhlawumbi ngaphezu ecwangcisiweyo kumzobo. Kuyanconywa ukuba ukuphumeza imilinganiselo nomlawuli.
• Kuba ekwakheni ngokuqinileyo Kuyancomeka ukusebenzisa iiphegi, okanye vice imithwalo.
• ingasetyenziselwa uzibhuqa ityhubhu lokusekwa begoba efunekayo.
• Emva koko, lo nisondelelane ndawonye iindawo ngokuqhagamshelana Yak-12. Radio-elawulwa moya model, apho moya unxulunyaniswa yokuhla imfuneko yokomeleza eso sakhiwo.
• Yenza inqaba woveliso iimveliso ziya kunceda tape unyanzeliso.
• Kucetyiswa wire abantamo ukuba ukubanjwa servos.
• Motorama, leyo wamisa imoto kufuneka zenziwe ngamaplanga ojingayo. Kuba iluncedo kakhulu yanxitywa ngezikhonkwane.
• Xa lingekho isijungqe ngamaplanga nazo zinokusetyenziswa zeplastiki, aluminiyam okanye amagwebu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba izinto kwaba lula. Kunqweneleka ukuba ubunzima umzekelo wenza akukho ngaphezulu kwe 600 grams.
• Launch imveliso Kucetyiswa ukuba wenze isamente kwezandla zakhe.
• Ukutyala kufuneka kwenziwe ukuqalisa esiswini moya kwindawo ethambileyo. Ngenxa yale njongo ukukhetha kuqatyeliswa kuyilo yevili.

EeNdleko Ford Focus 3008 Pegout okanye lilingane ixabiso indalo moya ngathi Yak-12. Photography ilahlwe ngezantsi imele iimpawu eyilwe ebonakalayo. Kodwa ke kufuneka ukhumbula ukuba iinguqulelo eziveliswa ezahlukeneyo.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha sethu, i-Yak-12 uthathwa lwepaki. Izakufunyanwa kwi abaqokeleli zokusebenza mboni.