Izihlunu umzimba: amagama kunye nemisebenzi

Izihlunu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu - eli yingxenye yenkqubo yethu musculoskeletal. inxalenye UMSI zenza ifascia, nemisipha namathambo. Esiqwini kwemisipha ziyilwe zonke izihlunu skeletal: umntla, intloko omzimba. nokuncipha kwabo kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo.

Izihlunu umzimba omzimba, kwakunye izihlunu intloko, singqongwe ifascia - imifinya zeethishu nokuqina. Bebugubungele iindawo umzimba kwaye ufumana igama layo (nomlenze ifascia, isifuba, hip, ngesa-, kunye nabanye.).

Malunga ne-40% ye-ubunzima lilonke umzimba babumba umsipha abadala skeletal. Xa abantwana, bona akhawunti malunga 20-25% ubunzima bomzimba, kwaye abadala - ukuya 25-30%. Umzimba womntu malunga 600 kuphela izihlunu ezahlukeneyo skeletal. Zahlula yi indawo kwi izihlunu intamo, nentloko, eziphelweni ephezulu nesezantsi kunye buti (oku kuquka izihlunu zakho esiswini, isifuba kunye umva). Makhe zihlale phezu elidlulileyo. Siza ukuchaza umsebenzi izihlunu ibhuthi, nika igama ngamnye kubo.

imisipha zesifuba

isakhiwo Segmental uyaqhubeka elele ezinzulwini mmandla kwizihlunu isifuba, kwakunye amathambo yasendle. Le ngeengcamba ezintathu ibekwe apha izihlunu buti:

1) intercostal lwangaphakathi;

2) intercostal yangaphandle;

3) esifubeni kwezihlunu lateral.

Uvalo ke operably kunxulumene kubo.

izihlunu Intercostal ongaphakathi langaphandle

imisipha Intercostal akhiwe kwi ingaphandle izithuba intercostal ye ubambo intlala kwalapho. Imisonto aye ukusuka phezulu phantsi kunye phambili. Ekubeni lever amandla (lever ingalo) lide endaweni kuthinjwe esihlunwini ngakumbi ekuqaleni kwayo, izihlunu ngoxa kuncitshiswa lift iimbambo. Ngenxa yoko, izalathiso osecaleni anteroposterior kwandisa umthamo isifuba. Ezi izihlunu ziphakathi iphefumlelwe ibalulekileyo. Uninzi imiqadi zabo amanakani efunyanwe ukusuka omqolo thoracic (iinkqubo zabo ezinqamlezayo) ababiwa njengoko izihlunu nokuphakamisa ubambo.

intercostal Internal abahlala malunga 2/3 we isithuba intercostal sobuKristu. ngefayibha zabo zigidimela ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu kunye phambili. Ukunciphisa, zinikeza ubambo uhle nokubhexesha ngumphunga, ukunciphisa ubungakanani esifubeni kwabantu.

Lateral esifubeni imisipha

Le sise udonga esifubeni ngaphakathi kwayo. Oku kwenza ekunciphiseni zingumphunga.

Ngowe-3 ndlela ezidibanayo kukho izihlunu ifayibha esifubeni. isakhiwo enjalo kunegalelo ukudityaniswa udonga esifubeni.

uvalo

Midriff (uvalo) okuhlukana kwisisu thoracic esiswini. Nkqu kwixesha lokuqala lophuhliso osandul, le imisipha lithatyathwe myotomes wesibeleko. Yena ebuya umva kunye nophuhliso imiphunga kunye nentliziyo, kodwa Nongawuthabathiyo indawo esisigxina ngenyanga-3 olungekazalwa. Imbobo site amanqaku anikwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye luvo, apho amasebe plexus wesibeleko. Yena ezimise Dome-ezimise. Kovalo iqulathe kwimicu kwezihlunu ukuqala la manani achazwe bomnyango esezantsi ime kwi Isifuba. Emva koko aye phezulu imicu nkundla uphethe ziko. Ifunyanwa phakathi kwale nkundla srednelevoy. Le midriff ke imingxuma apho komboko kuvuleke iminxunya, aorta, nkovu bile, umthambo, luvo. Yeyona izihlunu main zemiphunga. Xa uvalo lifinyele, bewuhlisele mlilo Isifuba yayo nokwandiswa umlinganiselo othe nkqo. Light oko bomatshini esolula kwaye kukho umoya.

Esifubeni umsebenzi imisipha

Njengoko ubona, umsebenzi ongundoqo izihlunu ezidweliswe ngasentla, ukuba nenxaxheba indlela sokuphefumla. Umoya abo ukuba ukwandisa umthamo esifubeni. Yena wenza abantu ezahlukeneyo okanye kakhulu uvalo (ekuthiwa-ukuphefumla ngolu), okanye izihlunu intercostal lwangaphandle (uhlobo thoracic kunokuphefumla). zingatshintshwa ezi ntlobo, ukuba njalo ngokungqongqo. Izihlunu zinceda ukunciphisa ivolyum esifubeni, ezivulwa kuphela xa nomphunga namandla. Umoya idla iipropati zeplastiki ngokwaneleyo, nto leyo iye Isifuba.

Okunye imisipha zesifuba

Ukususela ekupheleni kwentamo, clavicle kunye kwentamo intlala inxalenye ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu elintlangothi ephezulu kuphuma pectoralis ezinkulu. It encamathele ihumerus, lo Crest, ka tuberosity yayo enkulu. Phakathi kwayo kunye imicu kwezihlunu i Bursa. Muscle, ukusika, proniruet okhokelela egxalabeni layo, etsala kuye phambili.

Phantsi kwemisipha ezinkulu pectoral incinci. Iqala evela kweyesine ke iimbambo yesibini kukhatshwa ukuya coracoid notsalo le igxalaba kwicala downwardly kwaye forwardly ekunciphiseni.

Imisipha serratus cipande uphuma kwi iimbambo yesibini lesithoba amazinyo ezisithoba. It edibene scapula (edge medial kunye kwikona awo). Ngenxa yokugqibela ezinxulumene uninzi iintsika zawo. Muscle ngoxa kuncitshiswa blade banduluka phambili, kwaye asezantsi engile kwayo - ngaphandle. I-blade ngaloo lijikeleza kufutshane esqwini sagittal,-engile ithambo lomqolo liphume. Ukuba ingalo leyo ukubiwa, batshintshana blade, cipande serratus uphakamisa isandla sakhe phezu kwegxalaba.

kwizihlunu zesisu

Siza kuqhubekeka ukuqwalasela izihlunu umzimba uye kwiqela elilandelayo. Okuqukiweyo izihlunu zakhe esiswini zenza udonga esiswini. Makhe siqwalasele ngamnye kubo.

izihlunu ngqo pyramidal

Rectus abdominis iqala ukususela intlala lweyesihlanu ukuya ezimbanjeni yesixhenxe kunye nenkqubo xiphoid. It encamathele symphysis zikawonke wonke ngaphandle kulo. Le imisipha ke abamba kuzo usebenzisa 3 okanye 4 Jumpers imicu. Kuyinto rectus, lisesingxobeni ezinezikhondo ezenziwa aponeurosis nemisipha elibhalwe ngokumileyo.

Okulandelayo, izihlunu pyramidal nto incinane, ntonje engekho ngokupheleleyo. It is a lwesiko eqhubeka ezanyisayo, iingxowa kunye nezihlunu umva. Iqala kufuphi symphysis zikawonke wonke. Le imisipha, nokunciphisa phezulu, iqhotyoshelwe kumgca emhlophe, ngelixa kuncitshiswa etsala kuyo.

I zangaphandle nezangaphakathi umsipha elibhalwe ngokumileyo

elibhalwe ngokumileyo yangaphandle evela iimbambo asezantsi imiqadi ezisibhozo. liqine ukubaleka ukusuka phezulu phantsi kunye phambili. Le imisipha kuqhotyoshelwe le ilium (isiqhova wayo). Front singena ifascia. Ifayibha yokugqibela ababandakanyekayo ekubunjweni esingxobeni rectus. Bona ezazimanyene imicu umgca aponeuroses akhiwe kwelinye icala izihlunu elibhalwe ngokumileyo, ngaloo ndlela bakha umgca omhlophe. cala libhabhayo esezantsi ifascia into eqinileyo, Mfuleni ngaphakathi. Sisiqinisekiso lungu inguinal. injongo yawo zifakwe kwi udonga lonnom kunye ilium (i sobuKristu amathambo ayo).

Umsipha elibhalwe ngokumileyo yangaphakathi evela Crest, iliac, kwakunye ukususela esifubeni-empontshwa ifascia kunye lungu inguinal. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka babe ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu nasezantsi kwaye elidityaniswe iimbambo ezintathu asezantsi. Le aponeurosis ezihambayo iinyanda kwezihlunu asezantsi.

umsipha ezinqamlezayo evela esifubeni-empontshwa ifascia, kungqameko asezantsi lungu inguinal kunye ithambo iliac. Uya phambi kwi ifascia.

Umsebenzi kwizihlunu zesisu

imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo eyenziwa yi imisipha esiswini. Bakha udonga esiswini neyaziwa enkosi Tome amalungu zangaphakathi. Ezi izihlunu, izivumelwano, unciphise kwisisu (ingakumbi ngokuphathelele umsipha ezinqamlezayo) kwaye njengoko abdominals kuchaphazela enyama yangaphakathi, igalelo ekususweni endleni, umchamo, emhlanzweni, lifuna ukukhohlela kunye nokwehla isenzo, kwaye omqolo bent phambili (ikakhulu izihlunu rectus, eguqa umzimba), sivule ngeenxa axis yayo longitudinal kwaye emacaleni. Njengoko ubona, indima yabo emzimbeni womntu liphezulu kakhulu.

imisipha emva

Ichaza izihlunu engundoqo umzimba, size iqela lokugqibela - imisipha umva. Kwaye sikuxelela ngazo. Kwakunye esifubeni, emva imisipha nzulu yabo. aba bahamba kunye izihlunu, kukhokelela intshukumo imilenze aphezulu kwaye abomeleze yomqeshi. ezimbombeni zaso ezimbini eziphela izihlunu ngokwaneleyo zinxulumene izihlunu zabo emva (ventral) kunye ngomva ngomva obuphantsi igiya ophezulu. Bobabini ababandakanyekayo kwesenzo. Hlisa phantsi emiphethweni, incopho yakuphakamisa kubo. Ezi izihlunu yolula esifubeni, wayesenza ngexesha elifanayo.

Apha ikholam spinal kudlula phantsi izihlunu unamazinyo izihlunu umva enzulu angasemva. Zinelungelo imvelaphi amaphiko. Bathi iyigcine ilungiselelo yabantu abangekaphuhli, metameric ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi. Bona ibekwe ngapha nangapha yomqolo, iinkqubo zayo spinous elandisiweyo ukususela ukakayi ukuya sacrum.

Phakathi iinkqubo ezinqamlezayo ibekwe intertransversarii ibekwe omqolo ezikufutshane. Bona inxaxheba ekunciphiseni ngelothe ecaleni lomqolo.

izihlunu Interspinous ababandakanyekayo kulwandiso yayo. Bona ephakathi omqolo osecaleni (yeenkqubo spinous).

Elifutshane-Occipital ezingahlali kwezihlunu (ama-4) zifumaneka phakathi sabheka, ithambo Occipital kunye vertebra yezihlunu. Bona ajikelezwe ke nkqo intloko yakhe.

Imisebenzi izihlunu emva

Into yokuba umzimba womntu imelwe linani elikhulu zezihlunu umva, ngenxa iyantlukwano umzimba uphela kunye umqolo ngokukodwa. Isithuba nkqo yomntu Uyamhlangula amandla izihlunu. Umboko ngaphandle kwakhe kuya kufuneka ukuba ukugoba phambili. Ngapha koko, phambi yomqolo na iziko womxhuzulane. Ukongeza, eli qela iquka ezinye izihlunu ezikhulisela umntla. Vuma, ixabiso labo liphezulu kakhulu.

Umaleko 2 edibene amalungu aphezulu zelo qela izihlunu umva. Trapezius kunye latissimus ilala kule nwebu komhlaba. Xa lwesibini rhomboid kunye levator scapula.

Ukongeza amaxabiso ngasentla akhiwe kwi izihlunu nesiqu imilenze aphezulu bobabini. Ngokomzekelo, abo incamathele intsimbi, hayi nje kukuzisa motion. Bona fixed blade xa amaqela umsipha zingavisisani ngexesha elifanayo lifinyele. Ukongeza, ukuba lomzimba akasakwazi uhlobo ezinye izihlunu, ukuba, xa cut, akuyi kuchaphazela ikhosi kakhulu, kodwa phezu kwesifuba. Awabonisi nto, oko kukuthi, senze izihlunu abangabancedani iphefumlelwe. Ezi umzimba nemisipha isebenzisa ukuphefumla basebenzile wachaza, ingakumbi, ngomsebenzi wezandla, ukubaleka okanye izifo zemiphunga.

Ngoko ke, siye wajonga izihlunu ezingundoqo umzimba. Human - inzululwazi esifuna olunzulu sifundo. iimviwo Umphezulu ezisombululo abakwazi ukubona inkqubo xa iyonke. Ngelo xesha, izihlunu buti nentamo - le yinxenye nje womatshini oluntsokothileyo ngazo elawula umzimba wethu.