Izidumbu federal kwamandla olawulo. Imisebenzi imizimba yase igunya lolawulo

Wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, urhulumente acwangcise ulawulo imisebenzi ebalulekileyo oluntu ngabasemagunyeni. Le yinto efunekayo xa kudityaniswe naziphi ubudlelwane oluntu. Noko ke, abasemagunyeni kwifomu apho thina sonke baqhele ukubona zayo, wavela kutshanje. Ngokucace kakhulu, ukuba uhlobo karhulumente yolawulo namhlanje isekelwe phezu komthetho. Oku bekungasoloko. Kumaxesha amandulo, amandla zezizwe, uluntu kunye namazwe ezincinane phantse kuzo zonke iimeko yayisekelwe ngokukodwa ubundlobongela. Noko ke, le fomu lonxulumelwano uluntu lusebenza kuphela ezandleni benkokeli owomeleleyo ezizimeleyo. Ngokufa kwakhe, nasiphi na isakhiwo ugonyamelo uyazifohloza phantsi nje.

Kamva, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa unqulo. Olu hlobo mbutho ngamandla kweli lizwe ifumene ngaphezulu kwaye zinabe kakhulu. Kodwa ngexesha yiEnlightenment, xa inzululwazi ngaphambi kunye nolwazi ezisisiseko, iinkolelo zonqulo baqalisa ukuba ilibaleke. Ngenxa yoko, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa uhlobo olufanelekileyo ngakumbi imibutho yolawulo - oko kukuthi, ilungelo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa kolu didi, abasemagunyeni naliphi na ilizwe ngokusesikweni kwaye uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu eziphambili. Kweli nqaku, siza kuxubusha omnye kuphela kubo, kwakunye langoku imizimba eziphambili federal kwamandla olawulo. Xelela ngayo amagunya awo nemisebenzi.

Ingcamango amandla

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba phantse zonke izidumbu federal igunya lesigqeba Russian Federation kukho ekuququzeleleni uluntu kunye nobudlelwane kulo. Ngamanye amazwi, ngoncedo lwabo, ngencam lizwe ekuphumezeni inkqubo yayo zezopolitiko. Ngenxa yoko, imizimba zesigqeba ilingane karhulumente ngokwaneleyo. Noko ke, siyazi bambalwa abantu ukuba udidi yokugqibela. Kukho iindlela ezininzi iimpawu zayo zasemthethweni. Kakhulu "Classic" Ngenxa yeengxaki kwamandla karhulumente unika imvume ukuba olu didi ibangelwa amathuba liqela labantu okanye umntu omnye ukulawula ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yoluntu. Ngoko ke, urhulumente - yingcamango enye nje kuphela, kodwa inkqubo yonke iminqweno, namalungelo kunye noxanduva, nabasemagunyeni, ebusweni apho udidi loyiswa ndaqonda.

Iimpawu amagunya karhulumente

Ukuze siqonde umsebenzi kunye nohlobo imisebenzi engundoqo amagunya olawulo kufuneka babenolwazi imiqondiso urhulumente. Xa imfundiso umthetho ngokuqhelekileyo udlulisela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lweempawu yolawulo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zilandelayo common kakhulu:

1. amandla kaRhulumente luyasetyenziswa ekho zesifundo, injongosenzi kunye nesiqulatho yobudlelwane zomthetho phakathi kwabo.
2. amagunya iqhosha Umthetho kwamaziko karhulumente zicaciswa gca ngeenkcukacha.
3. Ukuziqhelisa, imisebenzi karhulumente karhulumente ziyaqaliswa ngokupheleleyo nangokucacileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
4. Kwi-Russian Federation, kwakunye kwamanye amazwe, umgaqo yokuzahlula kwamagunya.
5. Amandla karhulumente kusemthethweni. Kuphela kule meko iya kuqonda umsebenzi wabo ngokufanelekileyo.

Iimpawu umgaqo yokuzahlula olawulo kweli lizwe

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho imizimba yase igunya lolawulo kwi-Russian Federation kuphela kuba kanye lamisela umgaqo yokuzahlula kwamagunya. Ngumzali, kodwa olu didi esemthethweni iye yaphuhliswa ngexesha zobulumko yiEnlightenment kunye iinkcuba: Charles Lui De uMontesquieu kunye John Locke. Ngokwalo mgaqo, abasemagunyeni naliphi na ilizwe yahlulwe amasebe mthetho, eyenkundla yesigqeba. Le ndlela ivumela ukuba amacandelo kakhulu epheleleyo kakuhle umsantsa yolawulo phakathi kwamaziko iqhosha lokulayita. Kulo mzekelo, isebe iphetheyo inawo isakhiwo sayo kunye neempawu, njengoko iya kuxoxwa kamva.

Isebe elilawulayo

Njengoko sisiva sona, imizimba federal yesigqeba luqulathe igama elifanayo kwi isakhiwo kwamasebe karhulumente. Yena, ke, yinkqubo ngamagunya ezahlukeneyo, ezivumela ukuba ukulawula imicimbi yelizwe. Ukongeza, i-igunya lolawulo nayo udla ngokuchazwa inkqubo imizimba leyo bekwi ekuphunyezweni umthetho xa uwonke kunye nezibonelelo zayo ngabanye. Le arhente zikhona nje isakhiwo esisiso zisekelwe kumgaqo ngaphantsi, lwemigangatho. Ukuze siqonde indlela izenzo imizimba yase igunya lolawulo, kubalulekile ukuqonda intsingiselo yawo ngokusemthethweni. Asinto nzima ukuqonda.

Ingcamango isebe yesigqeba

Izidumbu federal kwamandla yesigqeba Russian Federation - isakhiwo solawulo, eziqulathe ngqo ngaphandle ulawulo Russia. Ezi arhente zazabelwe imisebenzi ethile ukuze nokuphunyezwa kwale mithetho yangoku. Enyanisweni, ezi zakhiwo enyanzelisa ulawulo lomthetho kunye semthethweni ukuphunyezwa kwazo. Ukongeza, kukho imizimba sinikwe imisebenzi ethile. Enye yezi kukuqinisekisa ngolawulo lomthetho. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imizimba Russian federal amandla iphetheyo inawo iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo, isakhiwo, abasebenzi, kunye namandla ezizodwa. Noko ke, imisebenzi yabo interconnectedness kunye namanye amasebe karhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, imizimba federal lesigqeba arhente, izakhiwo okanye imibutho onegunya le mithetho yangoku. Sicinga ukuba iyaqondakala.

iminyango zimpawu

Izidumbu yase igunya lolawulo benawo eziliqela iimpawu eziphawula ukuba ayikwazi kufunyanwa kwezinye izakhiwo ezisemthethweni. Ngoko ke, eli nqaku thaca kwi isebe ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Amaqumrhu olawulo ziyinxalenye apparatus engundoqo.
• Baye nesakhiwo zabo, nto leyo iyohluka, ngokuxhomekeke arhente.
• Izenzo imizimba yase igunya lolawulo zaye ifuthe lazo lonke ilizwe.
• nokudaleka kwenzeka ngokungqinelana nomthetho yangoku.
• Xa umsebenzi njengabantu abaphethe yohlobo abasemagunyeni ukumilisela iindlela ezithile kunye neendlela kumgaqo unxulumano loluntu.
• Ngokuhambelana kunye namagatya olawulo ekuphumezeni ubunkokheli kwi amanqanaba ezentlalo nenkcubeko, ezoqoqosho, yolawulo kunye nezopolitiko.

Imisebenzi imizimba yase igunya lolawulo

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, isigqeba zokusebenza umsebenzi wayo inani lemisebenzi ethile kunye nemisebenzi. Ezi ndidi abonisa umgangatho nokusebenza ekubhekiswe kuyo arhente Inqaku. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isebe executive ngokupheleleyo kwisebe elizimeleyo yolawulo karhulumente kuluntu. Ingakumbi umsebenzi wayo ngenxa yokuba isakhiwo liphela, enyanisweni, kukho indlela yokuba ukuphunyezwa ngqo iimfuno zoluntu. Le ngxelo kuqinisekiswa ngeendlela ezininzi, ukuba uhlaziye ngokweenkcukacha izenzo abasemagunyeni federal, nto leyo yayisenza kube inkqubo esikhethekileyo ukuphunyezwa iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo ezithile. Ngokuhambelana nale umgwebo, kunokwenzeka ukuba iqela lemisebenzi esemqoka:

• amalungelo oluntu. Oku kubonisa ukuba ii-arhente yolawulo ukuphumeza xa kusenziwa umgaqo kwentlonipho yamalungelo oluntu kunye nenkululeko.
• Executive. It ikuvumela ukuba enze i-RF ngokwemimiselo yoMgaqo-siseko.
• An wethutyana. Oku kuchaphazela amacandelo ezininzi kubomi boluntu. Ngenxa yakhe eqhelekileyo yokusebenza kwicandelo lolawulo-zezopolitiko, ezentlalo nenkcubeko kunye noqoqosho Russian Federation. Ukuba imisebenzi zokhuseleko elijongene iyonke kakuhle-ntle zabantu ngamandla.
• ulawulo komsebenzi komthetho igqiba indlela sangoku ukulawula komthetho.

Ukongeza, i-arhente yolawulo esekwe ngumthetho angakhupha imimiselo ezizodwa, nto leyo ibonisa ubukho imisebenzi standard-setting. Amagunya igunya federal esilawulayo omnye okanye ngenye zibangelwa zikhusela kulo lonke isebe. Ngokuhambelana nezibonelelo zayo, le arhente egunyazisiweyo ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo amanyathelo neziphumo zasemthethweni xa waphula nolawulo lomthetho abantu zomthetho okanye bendalo. Ngoko ke, ezi mpawu kakhulu ukucacisa le nkcukacha isebe eLawulayo iyonke. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isakhiwo umdla omkhulu kulawulo loluntu. It has yeempawu, ubukhulu becala ngenxa kubume federal ye-Russian Federation.

Umzimba central executive

Umzimba federal yesigqeba solawulo noxanduva kolawulo yonke le hlobo kobume nolawulo kuRhulumente. Phantsi kwemigaqo-siseko, kuba lelona candelo likhulu okanye oyintloko yesigqeba solawulo Russia. Kwinkqubo lwesakhiwo yayo yokusebenza eyenza i nkqubo zoluntu likarhulumente kuso nasiphi na isigaba zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. In kuphela umsebenzi wakhe phantsi kolawulo likaRhulumente Duma, okanye ipalamente. Le ndlela iye isiqalo lwentando yesininzi zolawulo zokwakha karhulumente. Ngenxa yokuba urhulumente liqumrhu eligunyazisiweyo executive federal. It linokuyiqhuba ukuphunyezwa ngqo imigaqo nemithetho ethile amandla. ummiselo olumisiweyo yale isakhiwo uyafumaneka kwiSahluko 6 siseko Russian.

Amagunya Government of Russia

Eku sunguleni, kwachazwa ukuba uRhulumente welizwe lethu liqumrhu eligunyazisiweyo executive federal. Kuyinto nako ukuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kunye nemithetho karhulumente. Ukongeza, isakhiwo kukho inani elaneleyo nezinye iingxaki umdla. Bona, ke azibonakalisa amagunya osezandleni zikarhulumente. Ngokutsho ithisisi, singatsho ukuba uRhulumente unalo iimpawu iphambili ilandelayo:

1. Ngqo ukuba ukuphuhlisa nokunika mali karhulumente kweli Russian Federation.
2. Nika ukuziphatha abanobuchule namaqoqo ngetyala, emali, ezoqoqosho, yenkcubeko, yokusingqongileyo, ezempilo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo loluntu.
3. Ukusebenzisa ulawulo kwempahla federal.
4. Ukuphuhlisa amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko karhulumente Russian, ulawulo lomthetho, ukuphunyezwa kwamalungelo oluntu nenkululeko.

Ngokungqinelana imithetho ekhoyo, uRhulumente unalo ilungelo kwisiseko owayamileyo. Yena, ke, ivumela ngqo ngakumbi ukuphumeza ulawulo lomthetho obukhoyo kwi Russian Federation namhlanje.

Ubume bale imizimba olawulo

Izidumbu federal igunya lolawulo oluphezulu, ngo-2014 nto leyo yinguquko ngokubhekiselele kwindlela lenguqulelo yinxalenye isakhiwo enkulu kangangoko. Classification kulo mzekelo kuxhomekeke umntu lolawulo ngqo arhente. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho nomzimba onjalo ukongeza uRhulumente, njengokuba ubulungiseleli. Igunya federal lolawulo olu hlobo wakhiwe. Idla iquka inkonzo inkqubo, arhente njalo njalo. N. Njengoko ngenxa zabaphathiswa, bakholisa kwakucingwa ukuba urhulumente.

Ngoko ke, namhlanje Russian Federation, amandla aphezulu uchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Zezinkonzo kanye neenkonzo. Asuka aya uMongameli Russian Federation. Phakathi kwezi ziquka Nelezamakhaya, leMicimbi yangaPhandle, loKhuselo, uBulungisa, Service Security Federal, Ukhuseleko njalo njalo. N.
2. Iqela lesibini arhente ukubheka ngqo Government of Russia. Njengoko umthetho, imisebenzi yinxalenye yomzimba engundoqo kwamandla olawulo. Ifom ezincinane (ii-arhente kunye Services) ziyinxalenye Ministry. Namhlanje kukho inani elikhulu lweziqalelo ezinjalo yoRhulumente. Ezi ziquka i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo, inkcubeko, ubutyebi bendalo nokusingqongileyo, kushishino, ezothutho, ezemali njalo njalo. D.
3. Umdla lwaneleyo units yayo engundoqo zinkonzo nee-arhente, eliququzelelwa yi ngumongameli. They are inxalenye yayo nayiphi na imisebenzi kunye namasebe zizimele ngokupheleleyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho ezintlanu kuphela kwezi: Antimonopoly Service, Service of Statistics State, Service for Supervision of Rights yeNkonzo yabaThengi uhlumo lwendalo, Technical kunye kweliso yezothutho, kwakunye arhente for kwiintlanga.
4. Kwi-Russian Federation, enikwe isakhiwo sayo federal, kukho imizimba indawo yolawulo federal. Kodwa kufuneka izinto zabo zixhomekeke zikazwelonke, nangona kwezinye izinto zasekuhlaleni afakwa okuzimela.

Ngenxa yoko, abasemagunyeni federal na isakhiwo ngokwaneleyo umdla isebenza uhambisa amagunya. Yiloo nto ke amandla isebe lonke lolawulo yahlulwe phakathi uMongameli kunye Government of Russia. imisebenzi yayo thaca kweli nqaku, abasemagunyeni bayaqonda ngokusebenzisa imimiselo yabo. Umzekelo, imithetho abasemagunyeni federal rhoqo ukulawula izithuba zomthetho, leyo, Kakade ke, kukho into entle kakhulu.

Ngenxa yoko, kweli nqaku siye sazama ukuba ukuqonda oko khona imizimba federal yolawulo eRashiya. Xa ndiqukumbela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba nemiba yeengcingane imfuneko sabaphathi ukuba iphuculwe. Ngapha koko, oko kubo kwixesha elizayo kuya kuxhomekeka kumgangatho kunye nokusebenza imisebenzi yayo ngqo.