Entolongweni - kodwa ... Imbali, iintlobo, injongo kunye nolwakhiwo amaziko setyala baseRashiya

Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamaziko emfundo ukuba ukukhonza abachasene nomthetho wakhe isivakalisi. Noko ke, elinye Inkcazo eqhelekileyo Iwendawo kubo - i "entolongweni". Esi sibonelelo lokuvalelwa, kwaye ithanga kwabemi, yaye, enyanisweni, entolongweni ngokwayo. Phantsi kwale nkcazelo, bendiqonda iindawo amabanjwa enetyala kunye neendawo lwabarhanelwa alungiselelwe abantu abaphantsi kophando.

imbali Butyrskaya

Ngomhla kummandla elalisakuba yiSoviet Union lot of ezintolongweni. Kodwa ngeentolongo Russia wafumana udumo mkhulu? Okokuqala, lo odumileyo entolongweni Butyrskaya. Kuyo, ngasendleleni, kwenziwe abatoli, waququzelela imvukelo ngexesha uPetros I. Xa uKumkanikazi uCatherine II wavalelwa apha Emelyan Pugachev.

Ayaziwa Butyrskaya ejele kunye namabanjwa alo kwi leSoviet - lulingene Mayakovsky, Solzhenitsyn, Hope. Njengoko kulindelekile, le iintolongo pre-revolution eRashiya iyindawo bavukeli ngokuchasene gunya. Nokufika efanayo kolawulo iiBolsheviks, apha ukugqiba abo nobuganga ukuxhathisa urhulumente omtsha.

Entolongweni iqulathe izakhiwo mabini, yaye zonke Butyrka ngu 434 camera.

Le yaziwa kakhulu iziko lezoluleko of St. Petersburg

Kwindawo elilandelayo entolongweni odumileyo St. Petersburg ebizwa ngokuba "zihlangane". Esi sakhiwo yakhiwe ngezitena ezibomvu, yaye kufuphi kukho icawa kunye uphahla ukukhanya ezintathu. Igama entolongweni lakhe ezifunyenwe yi uhlobo yokuyilwa ukuba le zasentolongweni sakhiwa.

Le ndawo, phezu kwazo zonke indawo udakumbile, edume ngaphandle ezithile. Zichaphazela ezo kuphela obizwa ngokuba "IGunya" umntu entolongweni. Kubo minyinyiva "umnqamlezo" lingade liye kufika kuloo mntu, umzekelo, igcinwe noxam wakhe, yaye abanye bakwazi ukucwangcisa umgidi okulungileyo eluvalelweni.

Indawo apho, kwanabenzi bobubi abo kakhulu esibi

Enye yeentolongo ezimbi eRashiya ubizwa ngokuba "Black Dolphin". Ukusuka apho phantse awusoze ukukhululwa - bakhonza izivakalisi zabo, abo bafumana isigwebo ubomi.

Zonke iintlobo kwiintolongo abanye nemithetho zangaphakathi, kodwa entolongweni "Black Dolphin" kungekho sizathu kuthiwa emangcwabeni ngenxa ezihangeni. Le ndawo imbali okhethekileyo. Kwase wentolongo yakhiwa ebudeni bolawulo uCatherine II, yaye kummandla Orenburg, kwidolophu uSol-Iletsk.

Iziko igama njalo ngenxa kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo dolphins, kubanjwe eyadini yakhe. Kodwa, ngasendleleni, akazange amabanjwa abazibona. Ngokukhawuleza nje bafika entolongweni, phezu kwentloko kubo ngoko nangoko ebotshwa phezulu kwibhegi. Oku kwenziwa kungekho sizathu, ngenxa yokuba kwi "Black Dolphin" wathumela bobubi ezimbi. Bathi enzela, izidlwengu, abanqolobi. Entolongweni eqhelekileyo igweba ukuba ukudilika.

Entolongweni kunazo zonke

Ifumene igama elibuhlungu kwakhona omnye kunazo zonke Prison Russia - entolongweni Lefortovo. Yakhiwa kwenkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha. yaye ekuqaleni senzelwe ukuba amasela okuncinci nezinye mthetho nelishwa. Kodwa ukusukela ekuqalekeni 30 zenkulungwane lokugqibela baqalisa ukuba amabanjwa emibi kakhulu.

Ngoku ke entolongweni ephantsi yokuziphatha kwe Russian FSB. Eli ziko yenye yezona engqongqo lonke Russia - akuvumelekanga na ukuthenga nokuthengisa phakathi amabanjwa ukuya umntu umlinganiselo phantse akunakwenzeka. Nokuba guest lilungu eendaba okanye umabonwakude.

"Vladimir Central" - kwelinye iziko wakha imeratritsey

Kwakhona, uCatherine II yakhiwa kwaye entolongweni "Vladimir Central." Malunga naye wayecula ingoma yakhe edumileyo Vladimir nagovicina. Kodwa enyanisweni, ngeli xesha akukho mood yothando. Kwinkulungwane edluleyo, ukuba nokubakho intloko kukaHitler yokhuseleko - uJohann Rattenhuber kunye noLidiya Ruslanova imvumi, umdlali Zoya Fyodorova.

Ngoku Vladimir Central ke entolongweni kuphela wonke ummandla ka-Russia, apho namnye amabanjwa abalekile. Imbali Amaziko setyala Russian amawaka amatyala amalinge ukumba, iigridi namarhela okanye ngenjongo ukunyoba onogada. Kodwa apha, zonke ezi zenzo abonakala phambi ibanjwa likwazile ukuphumeza lokubaleka umzamo.

Prison "dada White"

Prison "dada White" i entolongweni-analogu we "Black Dolphin". Le ise kwisixeko Solikamsk, Perm Territory, kwaye beze kukhonza isigwebo sakhe izaphuli kakhulu yingozi. amabanjwa 510 inokuthatha. Yakhiwa 1938 kwaye ekuqaleni senzelwe amabanjwa ezopolitiko kunye nababingeleli. Kodwa ukususela ngowe-1980 kwi "White Swan" zaziqulethwe kwaye kwakhona ukufundisa-"amasela umthetho"-130.

igama layo ukuba ifumene kuphela ngenxa eqingqiweyo, njengoko kunjalo nge "Black Dolphin". Isizathu sokuba loo kwimibongo, xa uqala kuqala, igama, yakhonza ngendlela ethile apho amabanjwa akwazi ukuhamba malunga entolongweni - esigotyiweyo wabeka izandla zakhe emva kwakhe. Noko ke, uyakwazi ukubona imifanekiso kunye weentaka ezimhlophe zobungakanani ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke entolongweni. Zombini ezi mbono into efanayo.

Imbali emajele injongo

Ngaphambili, abo benza lo mthetho, isohlwayo wayelindelwe ezimbini iinketho - nzima okanye abe selubhacweni. Kodwa kanye ingqikelelo yokugcinwa wabonakala 200 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Entolongweni - ingqiqo yasinyusayo Dzhon Govard. Ngomnye bokuqala ezinezinto sasingabhekisi abaphuli kwezinye iindawo, kwaye kwakhona esichengeni. Noko ke, nangona imizamo wabaHlaziyi, ukuba kuthi ukuba kukho eziziphindayo ezimbalwa. Iintolongo azisoloko ukwenza umsebenzi wabo. Eyona njongo ephambili kwiintolongo - kwaye kwakhona ulungiso-- maxa wambi indawo yokuwa epheleleyo ngamnye.

Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi kwiintolongo Russian. Umzekelo, entolongweni "Vladimir Central 'ukuba twinned kunye entolongweni kwidolophu waseJamani ka Bochum. amabanjwa German Wada weza kwiziko Russian yamabanjwa kunye zokunceda. Ithetha lukhulu malunga yokuba beye bakhalaza amabanjwa eJamani, bona imvelaphi Russian, baba nomdla kwindlela alunaye noko zona. Inkqubo isisele amaziko ka-Russia yenye yezona zobundlobongela.

A bit malunga kwiintolongo European

Indima intolongo phambi kokuba ceba kumaziko oluleko wadlala nezinejika entolongweni-iinqanawa, ekuthethwe ngawo amabanjwa kunye enkwalini ezikude.

Umzekelo, ukuya kwinkulungwane XVIII bawaphule umyalelo eSpeyin bathunyelwa imikhumbi. Ngokutsho memoirs yomnye amabanjwa ngelo xesha, uYakobi Fox, iimeko yamabanjwa kwakukho phantse esihogweni emhlabeni. Fox wayevalelwe enqanaweni 'Retribyushn "apho kwakukho malunga 600 abantu ngemixokelelwane, waba ukungcola ezoyikekayo ezidala.

Phantse isinye kwisithathu onke amabanjwa bajongene nethuna apho ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Maxa wambi oku nje liphango, kuba izaphuli-mthetho kwakufuneka ukuhlawulela abaveleli ukutya ipokotho zabo. Abo ekugqibeleni baphelelwe ngamandla yaye ukusebenza ayisendim, okanye abo bangazange babe abahlobo okanye izalamane kunxweme, baba agwetywe afe.

Thomas Beaver entolongweni - iziko loluleko, ukuba imali

Kodwa ekuhambeni imbali, abaninzi baye eqale ukuba bacinge malunga inguqu izohlwayo ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho. ukuqonda abantu abaninzi abafundileyo ukuba entolongweni - ayikho indawo apho umntu kufuneka idibane ukufa kwakhe. Kuqala kwinto zonke, kwindawo enjalo kufuneka izakulungiswa uze ubuyele endleleni efanelekileyo.

Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1875, i-intshisakalo ukusuka eNgilani Thomas Beaver wadala entolongweni Norfolk. On imiyalelo yakhe, ababegwetyelwe kwiimeko ezahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke ulwaphulo alenzileyo ngabo. Kwakhona ngokwahlukileyo entolongweni eziqulathwe amadoda kunye nabasetyhini. amabanjwa Beaver, ebizwa ngokuba "Uimondhem" kwakufuneka ukuba asebenze iintsuku ezintandathu ngeveki. Inzuzo emigudwini yabo ukuba amaxesha amabini ngaphezulu kweendleko, leyo wayizalela iziko lezoluleko ngenxa imixholo yazo.

Umahluko eYurophu evela kwiintolongo Russian

kwiintolongo Modern Europe zahlukile kakhulu kwabo zasekhaya. Ubume yamaziko setyala eRashiya kakhulu ayingqinelani noxinezeleko ziyakuhlawulwa yile iziko lezoluleko. Umzekelo, entolongweni, nto leyo yenzelwe 9 amawaka. Man, ukuba bangaba 12,000. Amanye amagosa bakholelwa ukuba imbambano enokusonjululwa ngokusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo ezizezinye. Umzekelo, ungasebenzisa endaweni wokupheliswa kwendlu ukubanjwa, xa kufikwa ezincane mthetho.

Xa iimeko entolongweni ukuvalelwa yaseYurophu ayinakuze ithelekiswe ne-Russian. Amabanjwa nangaliphi na ixesha unelungelo ukuza igqwetha. Ngomhla kummandla kula maziko mahala barbershops, impahla, kwakunye iivenkile ezincinane. Amabanjwa eYurophu babe nethuba lokuba zobuchule ukuba baphuhlise ulwazi, ikhompyutha. Kwakhona amabanjwa yasentshona unako nanini na ixesha ukuqhagamshelana kunye nehlabathi ngaphandle - kumaziko ezoluleko kukho payphones. Zonke iikhamera eYurophu baxhotyiswa zangasese zicocekile. Hayi umzekelo eRashiya, apho nangoku udlalwa nge kumngxuma ombiwe phantsi.