Inkululeko isazela kunye nenkululeko yonqulo. Amalungelo omgaqo abemi Russian

likarhulumente ngalinye luphawulwa iqondo inkululeko abemi balo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, lo mgaqo ngumsebenzi ophambili kumazwe amaninzi. Noko ke, maxa wambi xa inkululeko nje ayikho. Kulo mzekelo, ubomi bomntu kwaba imithetho engqongqo ngabasemagunyeni karhulumente. Kakade ke, le meko yaba yangoonomgogwana bezizwe. Ngoko ke, ixesha mihla kuthathwa ukuba revolution. Njengokuba abantu aqale ukulwa ngokubonakalayo amalungelo abo kunye nenkululeko. Eli xesha ukusa kumkhamo othile kuqhubeka unanamhla. Kodwa ngenkulungwane xxi amalungelo oluntu nenkululeko zibonelelwa kwaye igcinwe kumazwe amaninzi.

I-Russian Federation akukho Ngaphandle kulo mba. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla abemi bayo isekelwe eqinisekisiwe kwaye ziphuhliswe kule minyaka imigaqo-siseko. Ngelo xesha amalungiselelo zibaluleke kakhulu kwi inkululeko yesazela kunye nonqulo. Bona isiqiniseko amalungelo oluntu, kwakunye nefuthe ngqo kwimisebenzi yayo ebalulekileyo. Kodwa ke inkululeko yesazela inkululeko yenkolo nje kuphela imimiselo yomthetho esisiseko, kunye nenkqubo lonke ulawulo olumisiweyo kolwalamano ezithile ngokusemthethweni kuluntu.

UMgaqo-siseko kunye nemithetho yayo

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba inkululeko yesazela inkululeko yenkolo - kukuthi, kuqala kwiinto zonke, amalungiselelo omgaqo-siseko kunye yomthetho okanye imigaqo apho ukwakha ubomi bomntu kunye noluntu luphela lwe Russian Federation. Kulo mzekelo, iqhosha edlala umthetho esisiseko. Nguye lowo onika ubomi imbonakaliso isigaba. Kuyimfuneko ukugxininisa ukubaluleka-siseko. Kuyinto sisenzo amandla omthetho ephakamileyo, nto leyo inyanzelisa amalungiselelo inkqubo yezopolitiko kunye yomthetho lizwe. Imigaqo-siseko nabo babe namandla aphezulu kwaye isiseko eqhelekileyo kwindawo eyahlukileyo. Ukuba sithetha malunga namalungelo kunye neenkululeko zonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, i PPA ekhutshwe phezu kweli nqanaba, kufuneka akayi kungqubana amathuba siseko yoluntu, ezibandakanya inkululeko yesazela nenkululeko yonqulo.

Imigaqo ye nenqanaba ngokomGaqo-siseko yomntu

imisebenzi yabantu kuzo zonke iimeko kufuneka wenziwe phakathi umthetho. Yonke into eya emdeni iya kuba kukwaphula umthetho. Amalungiselelo ephambili elawula umsebenzi umntu, kuba umgaqo-siseko. Ibonisa uluhlu amathuba ngeye sonke. Xa imigaqo efanayo siseko isebenza kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zobomi bomntu. Abo amalungiselelo ezisisiseko zokunxibelelanisa ngqo ubukho oluntu, ebizwa imigaqo nenqanaba ngokomGaqo-siseko yomntu ngamnye. Ba Classic, kwaye ngandlela ithile izibonelelo ezisisiseko yomthetho esisiseko. Phakathi kwale migaqo kukho le ilandelayo: ukulingana, inkululeko yokuthetha, amalungelo kupheliswa, uphambuke izithintelo amalungelo, amagunya usisiqinisekiso, inkululeko yesazela nenkululeko yonqulo.

Yintoni inkululeko ukholo isazela?

Lo mthetho ngoku Russian inani imigaqo engundoqo siqhotyoshelweyo ubomi yabemi. Ukongeza, i-siseko, njengoko siyazi, uqinisekisa inkululeko yesazela, inkululeko yenkolo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu baqonde ukuba yintoni eyenza ingcamango. Ngaphandle kokuba amathuba thaca yi abantu amelweyo ulandelwe siseko esinye, ukuba izakhiwo ezisemthethweni ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngokungqinelana noku, ukuze sikwazi ukubona umbono wawo. Inkululeko yesazela - kukwazi ukuba naluphi na uhlobo inkolelo, ebekungekho namnye unako nempembelelo. Kunye nenkululeko unqulo ithuba lokuziqhelanisa naziphi na iinkonzo ezikhoyo.

Uchazo imiqondo

Kangangethuba elide ilungelo lenkululeko yesazela inkolo ithe yaphawulwa ngo ngokohlobo ilungelo elinye. Kubhekwe ukuba magama bayalingana ngokupheleleyo. Noko ke, le ngxelo bubuxoki. Ingxaki kukuba inkululeko yesazela luphawulwa kungenzeka na umntu ukuba iingcinga zabo neenkolelo malunga naziphi na iziganeko ngezimanga eziyijikelezileyo. Oko kukuthi, ngamnye wethu unelungelo lokuba bagxeke urhulumente ngoku, umthetho, uqoqosho, njalo njalo. N. Xa sithetha inkululeko yenkolo, siye sikhumbule ithuba bakhululeke ukuze abe ngumlandeli naziphi na iinkolelo zonqulo. Ukongeza, lo mgaqo likhusela zifundo yomthetho. Ngapha koko, ngokutsho kwakhe, akukho namnye unako ulowo iinkolelo zawo zonqulo, njl Xa iimpawu thaca, ngokuzithemba sinokuthi inkululeko yesazela kunye nonqulo - .. Kuyinto izinto ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo.

Imbali ukuyilwa imigaqo

Uphuhliso senkululeko yonqulo kunye nesazela ehamba ixesha elide. Umgaqo lokugqibela yavela ngexesha yoHlaziyo eYurophu. Le ideologists yalo mbutho ibango ukuba yamaKatolika iCawa, kunye neenkolelo zayo kwakunye nezikhundla akazange afune uluntu. Ngaphezu koko, isibonelelo inkululeko yesazela kuboniswa IsiNgesi Bill of Rights kunye i-Declaration of Human Rights, leyo lwasungulwa eFransi. Kakade ke, undoqo kolu luhlu le nkcazo-jikelele engeemfanelo zoluntu ye-UN. Ukuba osemthethweni ngamazwe engundoqo leyo umisela umgaqo thaca. Ngokubhekiselele inkululeko yonqulo, ngoko ixesha elide kwesi sikhundla yaphuhliswa njengenxalenye ithuba ukuba iinkolelo zabo. Noko ke, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba eRoma mandulo kwakukho makings umgaqo inkululeko yonqulo. Ngaphezu koko, iye nayo yafak 'isandla ekubunjweni IsiNgesi Act of angabunyamezeli, kwinkomfa Warsaw, ummiselo Russian "ekomelezeni nokwamkeleka kweenkolo, waqala", ukupheliswa i-Russian yoMbuso Pale of Settlement, njalo-njalo. N.

umthetho Russian wenkululeko yesazela kunye nenkolo

Ukuba sithethe ngayo ilizwe lethu, kodwa kule mihla Kwathi sonke isimiso imimiselo echaphazelekayo, ezilawula iingxaki ezikhankanywe kweli nqaku. Ngokutsho inkqubo yomthetho ekhoyo, imiba thaca ngokubambisana yi imiqathango kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zomthetho, ezizezi:

• imiqathango yoMgaqo-siseko;
• Civil Code of the Russian Federation;
• nomthetho federal echaphazelekayo.

Okokuqala, umthetho Russian wenkululeko yesazela kunye unqulo encamathele kwinqanaba siseko, ezizezi kwiSiqendu 28 Ngokutsho amalungiselelo ayo, wonke umntu liqinisekisiwe unelungelo lokuba nezinto ezizezakhe iinkolelo zabo, njalo njalo. N. Kulo mzekelo, inkululeko yenkolo luphawulwa into yokuba umntu anikwe ithuba lokukhetha ngokukhululekileyo , isasaze iinkolelo efanayo umlinganiswa.

Federal uMthetho "Inkululeko Ripfalo kunye Religious Associations"

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, kule Russian Federation kukho imithetho efanelekileyo, ezilawula amagunya karhulumente kwisigaba yonqulo ideology lwangaphakathi. Leyo uMthetho Federal "Inkululeko yesazela neentlanganiso zonqulo". Siseko emva kokuba lo Mthetho ekunokuthiwa umnxibelelanisi ubudlelwane eziphambili ezahlukeneyo. Lo mthetho federal umisela ifomu ezithile ukuze ziqinisekise inkululeko yesazela. isenzo yalo isekelwe kwinto yokuba i-Russian Federation yimeko yehlabathi, nekufuneka ukuba zonqulo okanye iindlela ezikhoyo. Ngoko ke ukuba inkululeko epheleleyo lomsebenzi zonqulo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umthetho okhankanywe kwakhona elawula umsebenzi njengesifundo umdla ezifana zezenkolo.

imibutho ikakhulu zenkolo

Amelwe umthetho wenkululeko yesazela iqulethe imithetho elawula imisebenzi yamaqela ezithile zentlalo. Ezi zezenkolo. Iziseko ezifana amaqela ezikhoyo ngokuzithandela. Ngelo xesha amalungu umbutho kufuneka babe ngabahlali kummandla Russian Federation kwaye usebenzise lasungulwa ekushumayeleni jikelele ukholo ethile. Ngaphezu kokuba umbutho wonqulo kuthathwa ngolo hlobo, ukuba ikho ngeenjongo zilandelayo, ezizezi:

- Ubhala nemikhosi;

- imfundo yenkolo;

- creed etc ...

Kulo mzekelo, umsebenzi imibutho yenkolo ivingcwe sisigqibo amagunya karhulumente afanelekileyo, ukuba oko kuchasene nomthetho yangoku Russian, okanye ephule amalungelo nenkululeko abemi.

Oqinisekisa inkululeko yesazela kunye nenkolo

Izibonelelo ze-siseko kunye nomthetho okhoyo fixed eziliqela amalungiselelo eziqinisekisa ichazwe kwiSiqendu amalungelo oluntu. Kuqala kwinto zonke, eqinisekiswe inkululeko yesazela, inkululeko wenkolo-siseko. Uqulathe eyona mithetho ilandelayo ukuqinisekisa:

• inkululeko yesazela kunye nenkolo nabani ayikwazi kuphela, ngaphandle kuba ndimelwe yoluntu;
• nawaphi na amalungelo okanye ucalulo kunqulo ayikwazi;
• abantu abakwazi ukunxibelelana umsa zabo ngokwemigqaliselo inkolo;
• Confession likhuselwe ngumthetho yaye mfihlelo.

Ukongeza, umthetho federal "Inkululeko Ripfalo kunye Religious Associations" une eziliqela njengezikhuselo. Xa uninzi nezibonelelo isenzo olumisiweyo iphindwe-siseko, kodwa ke kukho ezinye iinkalo. Umzekelo, ngokomyalelo, umntu unako ukutshintsha inkonzo enye emkhosini, ngaphandle kokuba oku kuyaphikisana neenkolelo zakhe zonqulo.

Uxanduva inkululeko yesazela kunye nenkolo

Anikeza izakhono zabantu kuthetha ubukho amanqanaba ezimbalwa ukhuselo lomthetho, esizibonakalisa uxanduva ekujoliswe ezahlukeneyo zamacandelo. Ngelo xesha linye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ngokukokwalo ukugxojwa ilungelo lenkululeko yesazela inkululeko yenkolo kunye neziphumo elibi ukuba ibangela. Kwindawo yokuqala uxanduva ekhuselwe kuMgaqo-siseko, oko kukuthi kwiCandelo 5 weSiqendu 3. Ngokungqinelana kunye nemisebenzi yayo yesiqhelo kujongwe ukuba lokuthiya ukufezekiswa kwelungelo oluntu nenkululeko yesazela nonqulo, uhamba kunye nokusetyenziswa ubundlobongela wohlwaywe ngumthetho federal. Ngokuhambelana kunye nale ntsulungeko, kukho iintlobo zolawulo mthetho ityala. Kwimeko yokuqala, mthetho kubonelelwe kwiSiqendu 5.26 ye-Code of Administrative mthetho. Ngokubhekiselele nobutyala, apha indima engundoqo edlalwa udidi Inqaku 148. Oku lakha imisebenzi ajoliswe umqobo okanye ukugxojwa ilungelo lenkululeko yesazela inkululeko yenkolo.

Ukwahlulwa ibandla norhulumente

Inkululeko yesazela nonqulo, kukho ukungacaci ngokwaneleyo kumazwe apho ibandla abazahluli ukusuka emandleni kwezopolitiko. Kumazwe ezinjalo, imigaqo thaca kweli nqaku, ikakhulukazi twatse. Umzekelo ukuze kuchazwe Sheriyat, olusekelwe phezu ngokomthetho kunye nemimiselo yonqulo. Ngenxa yoko, kwilizwe apho ibandla kwakhona amandla ezopolitiko, ukuba okunene wasinika inkululeko esisiseko yabantu isazela kunye nonqulo. Inqaku le-siseko kwilizwe onjalo akayi kudlala indima okanye amandla omthetho. Le yinto embi kakhulu njengoko kubonisa Ukophulwa kwamalungelo oluntu yendalo.

isiphelo

Ngenxa yoko, kweli nqaku siye sazama ukuba ithathele ingqalelo amalungelo omgaqo-siseko lenkululeko yesazela kunye nonqulo. Xa ndiqukumbela, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ezi migaqo kukho into ebalulekileyo endleleni eya ukwakha uluntu elitsha eYurophu, singayi ndinyanzelwe ubandlululo eceleni.