Nokufezekisa kwenkqubo kwezindlu ezifikelelekayo baseRashiya

Kuza kube yimhla, imeko yezoqoqosho ephuhlisiwe kuluntu lwethu ayivumeli ukuba abemi babe nemali ephezulu ngokwaneleyo. Yingakho kuthengwa indlu abantu abaninzi kuba nzima. Kwabaninzi baseRussia, akunakulungele ukuba ne-mortgage. Ukongezelela, abaninzi banomdla wokwenza inxaxheba ekwakheni, bekhangelelanise abakhohlisi-ntsebenziswano kunye nabaninzi abangaqeshwanga. Ngelishwa, imarike yanamhlanje ayinikezeli ithuba lokuba amaRashiya aneemali eziphakathi ukuba babe ngabanikazi bezindlu zabo, ukuhlawula ixabiso elaneleyo kulo.

Inkqubo Yomthetho

Urhulumente waseRashiya uthatha onke amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuba uninzi lwabemi belizwe liyakwazi ukuthenga izindlu zabo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngoSeptemba 17, 2001, inkqubo ye-federal ethi "izindlu" ivunyiwe. Ithuba lokuphunyezwa kwalo liphawulwe ukususela ngo-2002 ukuya ku-2010. Ngeli xesha, ilizwe liye laza laza lagunyaza isiseko somthetho esisimfuneko ukuxazulula imiba emininzi enxulumene nezindlu kunye neenkonzo zoluntu, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, kunye nokufumana amalungelo oluntu.

09/05/2005. UVladimir Putin uchaze iindlela zokusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene nolwazi kunye nenkxaso yoluntu emkhosini, abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni, kunye neendawo ezingaphephekanga zoluntu. Ngenxa yoko, umgaqo-nkqubo womgaqo-nkqubo wezindlu wasungulwa, imigaqo ephambili yilezi zikhokelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukukhula kweendleko zebhajethi yelizwe ngokumalunga nokutshintshwa kweemali zokuxhasa iintsapho ezisweleyo;
• Ukunikezelwa kwezindlu kubemi abahlelwe njengezigaba ezikhethiweyo (abakhubazekileyo, amabutho emfazwe, kunye nokunye);
• Inkxaso yeengcali ezincinci ezijolise ekusebenzeni kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni;
• Ukuxhaswa kweeNgxowa-mboleko kwiimali-mboleko zemali, kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-AHML (i-arhente ejongene nemali-mboleko yezindlu);
• Uphuhliso lwezakhiwo zobunjineli eziyimfuneko ezifunekayo ekukholeni indawo yokuhlala;
• Ukudala kunye nokuvunyelwa kwesikhokelo solawulo esivumela ukukhutshwa kweempahla zokubambisa ezixabisekileyo.

Ukuze utsho. Inkqubo yezindlu ezithengiweyo zenzeke, phantsi koMongameli weRussian Federation iBhunga lasungulwa. Umsebenzi walo oyintloko wawuwukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi eziphambili kwizinga lelizwe. Inkqubo ethi "Indawo yokuhlala" yagqitywa yilo mzimba.

Isigaba sokuqala

Amanyathelo okuqala enkqubo yezindlu ezinokungena kwiRashiya yaqaliswa ukususela ngo-2006 ukuya ku-2007. Ngeli xesha, le mi sebenzi ilandelayo ixazululwe:

• Ukufumaneka kwezindlu;
• Ukunciphisa amazinga omdla kunye nokwandiswa kwemida yemali yokuboleka imali;
• Ukuzaliseka kweembopheleleko zombuso wokubonelela ngeemitha ezi-square zemigangatho esemthethweni yabemi belizwe.

Kwisakhelo seprogram yezindlu ezifikelelekayo, kwenziwe imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Kwisigaba sawo sokuqala, le projekthi yombutho yenzelwe ukubonelela izindlu kunye nezindlu ezingama-69.5 amawaka amatsha abatshatileyo, kunye namanye amaqela angama-76.2 amawaka. Ngelo xesha, bekucetywayo ukunciphisa izinga lokuthenga imali, ukuletha kwi-11%, nokwandisa umlinganiselo wokwakhiwa kwezindlu ukuya kwi-12.1 yezigidi zeemitha zesikwere. M ngexesha lonke lo kuqala.

Inkqubo yesigqeba "Ukubonelela ngezindlu ezifikelelekayo" yabhekana neengxaki ezininzi. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukunqongophala komthamo wokuvelisa kunye nokunqongophala kwentente. Le meko yemicimbi ayizange ivumele ukuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kwesi sicwangciso. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukunciphisa izinga lokuboleka imali. Esikhundleni se-11% ecwangcisiweyo, bekuyi-12.8%. Inxalenye eyona mpu melelo yenkqubo yayinomgaqo-nkqubo welizwe ukwenzela ukwandisa umthamo wemali mboleko yezindlu. Ngo-2006 no-2007, zanikezelwa malunga nama-rubriyoni ayi-820.

Isigaba sesibini sokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwiprogram yezindlu ezithengekayo kwakukho ngo-2008. Ngeli thuba, urhulumente waqhuba ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukunikezelwa kweemfuno eziyimfuneko kwiintsapho ezincinci ezihlwempu;
• Ukukhula kwezigidi ezingama-72,5 zeemimitha zokuhlala eziphezulu;
• Ukwandisa ukutsalana kwemali yokuboleka imali kunye nokwandisa umthamo wayo ukuya kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezili-6 ngonyaka.

Ukuphunyezwa kweprogram yezindlu ezifikelelekayo kufuna iimali-mali ezinkulu. Kule nto, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lubekwe i-ruble eyi-90.5 billion. Imisebenzi uRhulumente weRussia Federation ebekwe phambi kweli nqanaba nayo isisombululo esifanelekileyo. Ukuhla kwehla kwagqalwa kwicandelo lokwakha. Esikhundleni sezigidigidi ezingama-72 zazingenakwenzeka ukuqonda ukuqaliswa kweemitha ezili-63.8 zeekhilomitha ezili-square. UM. Njengoko kwinqanaba lokuqala leprogram, ukukhula okubalulekileyo kwafezekiswe kuphela ngokuboleka imali. Isikali sawo sadlulela phambili ngaphambili esicwangcisiweyo malunga nama-ruble ayi-30 billion.

Isigaba sesithathu

Inkqubo karhulumente "Izezindlu ezingenakunqwenelekayo" yafumana ukuphuhliswa kwayo phambili ngo-2009-2012. Izikhokelo eziphambili zomsebenzi kaRhulumente waseRussia Federation kule minyaka zi:

• Ukuphunyezwa kwenkxaso karhulumente kwimakethi yezindlu;
• Ukuphuculwa kweempawu zekhwalithi zezindlu kunye nomsebenzi wezindlu kunye neenkonzo zoluntu;
• Ukukhuthazwa kokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezinkulu, ukuhlawuleka kwabemi;
• Ukwandisa kwisixa semali egunyazisiweyo eyenziwe ngu-AHML.

Ukuxazulula le ngxaki, izibonelelo zemali ezininzi zabiwe kubhajethi kaRhulumente. Izinto eziphambili zeendleko ziyi:

• Isixazululo seengxaki zezindlu zabemi bezigaba ezikhethiweyo ;
• Iingqungquthela ezingama-200 zeer ruble. Ku-AHML ukuzalisa isibonelelo sayo esisemthethweni;
• Ukuveliswa kwezilungiso ezinkulu zezindlu kunye nokuhlala kabusha kwabemi kwiindawo eziphuculweyo kunye nezindlu eziphuculweyo.

Ekuphunyezweni ngokufanelekileyo kwenkqubo ye-federal, kwakunokwenzeka ukukhuthaza ukuhlengahlengiswa kwabemi. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwe-maternity capital kunye ne-AHML. Ukongeza, ngo-2009-2012. Ukusebenza kwaqaliswa i-245.5 metres square. M yezindlu. Ngexesha elifanayo, imali eyabelwe kwi-bhajethi yayiyi:

• Ukulungiswa kwezindlu - ii-ruble ezingama-70 ezigidi;
• Kwizatifikethi zesebe "Izindlu" - ii-ruble ezingama-48.2;
• Kwiindawo zokuhlala ze-servicemen - ii-ruble ezingama-48 ezigidi;
• Ukufumana indlu yezilwanyana zezilwanyana zeMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini - ii-ruble ezingama-55.8 ezigidigidi;
• Ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kwizindlu eziphuthumayo kunye neentlupheko - ii-ruble ezingama-41.5 zezigidi.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zeprogram yenkqubo

Iprojekthi yesizwe, ejoliswe ekuphuculeni imeko yokuphila yaseRashiya ngo-2002-2010, yavumela:

• Yenza uhlaka olutsha, oluyimfuneko yokuhlaziywa kwezindlu kunye neenkonzo.
• Sitshintsha isakhiwo se-stock;
• Ukwandisa isabelo sabathuthuli bangebucala;
• Ukucwangcisa iinkqubo ezilungiselelwe ukulungiswa kwezindlu;
• Ukwandiswa kwezindlu zangasese zokuhlala kunye nokuhla kwexesha elifanayo kwixabiso lomhlaba.

Ukusetha imisebenzi emitsha

NgoDisemba 17, 2010, urhulumente waseRashiya uvume imvume elandelayo kwintsimi yokwakhiwa kwezindlu nezindlu zabemi belizwe. Kwabizwa ngokuba yi "Residence" kwaye yaqulunqwa ngo-2011-2015.

Le nkqubo inokugxilwa kwentlalo kwaye yenzelwe ukuphuhlisa ngokubambisana nolu hlobo lobomi bomphakathi njengemfundo kunye nempilo. Kucingelwa ukuba ii-ruble eziyi-620 zeebhilile ziza kubelwa kwisabelo-mali seprojekthi ye-federal. Yaye imali ayiyi kuhamba kuphela ukudala imarike yokubonelela ngezindlu ezithengiweyo, kodwa nokuzalisekisa izibophezelo zombuso kwizigaba ezikhethiweyo zabemi.

Kucetywayo ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2015, ukukhula kweemitha ezi-square zezindlu kunye nezindlu kuya kufumana isiqingatha sezigidi ezingama-90. Yaye imeko yabo yokuphila iya kuphuculwa yizigidi ezingama-86.9 zeenkulungwane, kunye namawaka angama-172 amawaka amatsha. Kwaye konke oku ngexabiso lokuxhasa inkxaso-mali yeengingqi kunye neyommandla mboleko kunye nemali-mboleko yokuthengwa kweemitha ezi-square eziyimfuneko kubantu.

Inkqubo "yeZindlu zeZindlu ezinokuthengatha" ijonge ukunyusa ukufumaneka kwezindlu ukusuka kwi-12 ukuya kuma-30 ekhulwini. Kucetywayo ukwandisa ukwakhiwa kweendawo zokuhlala kwezoqoqosho.

Ukuqulunqa ama-subtotals

Okwangoku, inkqubo "yeZindlu" iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kwayo, kwaye kusasa kakhulu ukuthetha ngeziphumo zayo zokugqibela. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2012 uMongameli waseRussia V.V. UPutin wathumela umyalezo kwi-Federal Assembly, echazwe iziphumo zesikhashana zeprojekthi yesizwe. Ngelo xesha, kwagxininiswa ukuba urhulumente wenza yonke imizamo yokwenza imimiselo efunekayo ukuphumeza inkqubo yegrandiose. Ngoko, ukufumaneka kwemali yesondlo kukhula. Unyaka wonke ukwanda ngama-40-50 ekhulwini. Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa le nto ayaneleyo ukusombulula ingxaki ebuhlungu, kuba kuphela abantu abafumana imali engaphezulu kunokubuyisela imali leyo mboleko. Isigidimi sathetha nangesisombululo esiphumeleleyo sombandela wokubonelela izindlu ze-servicemen kunye namaqhawe. Kukhankanywe kwileta malunga neminyanzelo eyandayo yokuvuselela abemi bezindlu ezilahlekileyo.

Ngo-2012, urhulumente waseRashiya uvume inkqubo entsha. Kwabizwa ngokuba "Ukubonelela ngezindlu ezizinzileyo kunye nezithengiweyo, kunye neenkonzo zoluntu zaseRashiya." Inkqubo iyaqaliswa ukususela ngo-2015 ukuya ku-2020. Ukuphunyezwa kwale projekthi kuza kwenziwa kwinqanaba le-federal kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwamashishini karhulumente kunye namacandelo akwi-self-government local.

Isisombululo semisebenzi eyongezelelweyo

Kwisakhelo seprojekthi ye-federal "Izezindlu" yinkqubo "Izindlu ezingabonakaliyo kubantu abaselula". Ngokuphunyezwa kwayo, amawaka eentsapho ezihlala eRashiya zancedwa.
Inkqubo ethi "Ulutsha-Intengo Engabonakaliyo" yasungulwa ngo-2006. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, kwaba nomoya wesibini, ekubeni ngo-2011 kuphela, abantu abangaphezu kwama-2,000 abemi beli lizwe baba ngababophezeli, ababophelela ubomi babo ngomtshato.

Inkqubo ethi "Ulutsha-Ixabiso lezeZindlu" linikezela ulwabiwo-mali kwi-bhajethi yamanqanaba onke akhoyo. Ukuxhaswa kuxhomekeke kwiintsapho ezincinci, kubandakanywa ezingaphelelanga. Into eyona nto kukuba ubudala babo malungu abudluli iminyaka engama-35. Ukuxhaswa ngemali kubelwe ukuhlawulwa kwetyala eliphambili le-mortgage. Ungasebenzisa inkxaso-mali ukuhlawula inxalenye yeendleko zokwakha okanye ukuthenga ikhaya.

Ngaphantsi kwemithetho yemboleko mboleko, indlu okanye indlu ngaphambi kokuba ihlawulelwe ngokupheleleyo yipropati yebhanki. Ukuba intsapho ayikwazi ukubuyiselwa imali eyithathileyo, iziko lemali linelungelo lokuthengisa le propati ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo "Iintsapho ezincinci - izindlu ezithengekayo" azivumeli ukuphuhliswa kweziganeko kuloo mzila. Urhulumente kulo mzekelo uthatha uxanduva, udlala indima yomlamli phakathi komboleki kunye nomboleki. Ngelo xesha, iziphathimandla zengingqi ezichaphazelekayo zifuna ukulungiswa kweentlawulo okanye ukulungiswa kwetyala, ukuba ziza emva kweenjongo ezithile.

Ukususela ngo-2013 ukuya ku-2020, inkqubo "Iintsapho ezincinci - izindlu ezifikelelekayo" ziza kufuna iimali-mali ezinzulu, eziqikelelwa kwi-ruble eziyi-1.9 ezigidi. Ingxenye yesithathu yale mali iya kuhanjiswa kwiibhajethi zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Imali esele iya kutsalwa ngabarhwebi bamashishini kunye neengxowa-mali ezongezelelweyo. Ngokukodwa, i-Sberbank yaseRashiya kunye ne-VTB Bank iza kubelwa imali ethile.

Ukubonelela ngamashumi amabini amahlanu eRashiya kunye nezindlu zorhulumente izicwangciso kunye nerenti yentlalo. Kule njongo, i-1/10 yeemitha zesikwele esandulweyo izabelwa.

Ziziphi iimeko eziphambili apho uhulumeni. Inkqubo ethi "iNtsapho Yintsapho-IzeZindlu ezinokuthengatha" iya kuphunyezwa? Iingcali zibalwe ukuba isisombululo esiyimpumelelo kwisingxaki esibuhlungu sinokwenzeka ngokunciphisa u-20% kwiindleko zokwakha imitha yesikwere. Oku kuya kubakho ukwakhiwa kwezindlu-zoqoqosho, ezo, nangona zonke izinto, zenzelwe ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo imigangatho yanamhlanje.

Urhulumente uphinde uceba ukukhuthaza imibutho yorhwebo ukuba yakhe ukwakha izindlu zentlalo, ezo ziya kuqeshiswa. Inzala yabaphuhlisi kukufumana iphesenti ethile yemali evela kwiikontrakthi zengqesho.

Inkqubo "Izindlu ezinokungenakunceda iintsapho ezincinane" zibonisa ukufezekisa injongo yayo ephambili kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo. Inikwe abo babonwa njengengeniso ephantsi kwaye abanalo ithuba lokuhlawula imali. Ezi ntsapho zifumana kwiimali zelizwe ezijoliswe ukubuyisela isitolimende sokuqala semboleko. Ubungakanani benkxaso-mali kuxhomekeke kwizindlu ezikhoyo zentsapho kunye nenani lamalungu alo. Ngokomyinge, ukusuka kuma-ruble ayi-900 ukuya kwi-1.2 yezigidi. Kwimiqathango enjalo yimali kwintsapho yabantu abayi-3-4. Ubungakanani obukhulu benkxaso-mali eyabelwe nguRhulumente ingaba ngama-ruble ayi-2.2 yezigidi.

Abaxhamli beprojekthi

Iimeko zeprogram "Izindlu ezinokungenakunceda iintsapho ezincinane" zibonisa ukuba:

• Umtshato wabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni;
• Ubudala bamalungu aphezulu entsapho abuzange kudlule iminyaka engama-35;
• Kukho umthombo wokufumana ingeniso;
• Ukunikezelwa kweendawo eziphilayo ngexesha lokujoyina inkqubo ayikho ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-15 zelungu ngalinye lentsapho;
• Kukho ubumi beRussian Federation;
• Intsapho ihlala ngokusisigxina kwintsimi yelizwe apho ihambisa isicelo sayo;
• Izatifikethi zengeniso eqinisekisa ukuthungulwa kwemali yabaselula kubonelelwa.

Ulwazi olupheleleyo ngeemeko zenkqubo kunye nokungeniswa kwesicelo esifunyenweyo kufumaneka kwiSebe lezeMicimbi yezeNdlu, kunye nakwiimicimbi yezemicimbi yolutsha ekhoyo kwindawo yokubhaliswa kwentsapho. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwisixeko okanye ulawulo lwengingqi.

Iingxaki eziphazamisayo

Iprogram yeZindlu ezinokungahambelani iyakhathalela iintsapho ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, apha kunokuba nenani leengxaki ezidala ubunzima bexeshana kubantu abatsha. Ngoko, kunye nenani elikhulu labantu abanqwenela ukufumana inkxaso yemoya, umgca ulandeleka kakhulu. Oku kubangela ukuba ukuthengwa kwezindlu kuhlehliselwa ixesha elithile.

Kwakhona kwenzeka ukuba intsapho ayinakufumana iifanele ezifanelekileyo kwiimarike zesekondari. Kule meko, kuya kufuneka uyakhe okanye uyithenge kwelinye lezindlu ezitsha.

Uninzi lwazo zonke iingcipheko zisentsimini yokuboleka imali. Ukukhupha isivumelwano esinjalo akulula. Ukongezelela, intsapho, ngenxa yeemeko ezithile, ilahlekelwe yinto yokuthenga ngetyala. Kule meko, iintlawulo zenyanga zenyanga ziya kubeka umthwalo onzima kubantu abancinci, ngokunciphisa kakhulu imilinganiselo yokuphila.

Nangona kunjalo, ungadikibali. Inkxaso yombuso iya kuvumela intsapho nganye eselula ukuba ifumane indlu okanye indlu.

Iipropati eMoscow

Inkqubo ethi "izindlu ezingenakunqwenelekayo" iqhutyelwe kuyo yonke imimandla yaseRashiya. Kuqhubeka ukunyuka eMoscow. Kwisakhelo sale projekthi, abahlali beengxowa-mali kuphela, kodwa nakweyiphi na inxalenye yaseRussia, kunye nabemi bangaphandle, banokufumana iimitha zabo eziziimitha.

Iprogram esebenza ngayo apha "Intsapho Yentsha-Echaphazelekayo"? UMoscow ukususela ngo-2003 uye wakha izindlu eziyi-77 zamawaka, ezazisasazwa kwisakhelo sale projekthi. Eli li-462 eekhilomitha ezili-square. M izindlu, ezakhiwe ngokuxhaswa ngemali yengingqi. Kucingelwa ukuba abantu abatsha kufuneka bahlawule kuphela isitolimende sokuqala, esilingana ne-30% yeendleko zomsebenzi wokwakha, kwakunye nokugqiba izakhiwo kunye nokuphuculwa kwintsimi esondelelene nendlu.

Inani elisele livumelekile ukuba libuyiselwe kwiminyaka eyi-10. Ekuzalweni komntwana, umnini-mali uhlawula imali yokubuyiselwa kweemitha ezili-10 zendawo. Ukuvela kwelinye ilungu lentsapho elincinci likuvumela ukuba ubhale isabelo seemitha ezili-14 zesikwere. M. Ukuzalwa kwabantwana abathathu nabalandelayo kwenza ukuba kuhlawulwe imboleko, eyizikwere ezili-18 zezindlu.

Le nkqubo 'izindlu ezifikelelekayo - Abantu abatsha "usaqhubeka kuzuze amandla. Ngaphakathi sikhokelo sihlelwe ukubonelela izindlu kunye nabo babeza kuwela kudidi abantu ithemba kunye abanetalente. Emva kokuphumelela, ezi iingcali abaselula iza kufunwa kwi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ezoqoqosho.