Izibambiso Government: iintlobo kunye nemisebenzi

Ukuhlelwa lwako kwakunye izibambiso kuphela, kukho iindidi olukhulu. Makhe siqwalasele ukuhlelwa izibambiso ngohlobo ubumnini. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kukho izibambiso karhulumente kunye nawabucala. utyalo-Non-state - Yimali ngokhuselo ezivelisa iinkampani joint-stock kunye neebhanki zorhwebo (izatifikethi share). izibambiso kaRhulumente - na iphepha, ephethe urhulumente, amaziko karhulumente, abasemagunyeni bendawo (bonds, ebuncwaneni eyilwayo).

Zonke izibambiso karhulumente, eneneni, ukuba izibambiso ematyaleni. Noko ke, ngamnye ukhuseleko, ekhutshwe yi ngurhulumente, igama layo, umzekelo, iibhondi kwemali yangaphakathi, njl Phakathi kwezinye izibambiso izibambiso kaRhulumente ebonakala kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukuthembeka, kuncitshiswe ingozi yokulahlekelwa loyamano yengeniso eyinkunzi esisigxina, kukho irhafu entle kakhulu (okanye ukungabikho).

Urhulumente kubumba intsilelo mali kwi ngeendleko Central Bank, kumba imali ngokukhupha izibambiso. Ukuba urhulumente iye yakhetha kunceda Central Bank, kunciphise ithuba olawula kwimarike semali-mboleko. Isidoda imali ungena ejikelezayo ngendlela yokuhlawula ezo asethi yokwenene, nto leyo ekhokelela kwamaxabiso phambili ukuphazamiseka ukusasazwa lemali kweli lizwe. Kunikezelo izibambiso karhulumente - eyona ndleko-ndlela ngezimali mali.

izibambiso Urhulumente nazo zingasetyenziswa ukuxhasa ityala likarhulumente, yaye Kukhethwa kakhulu ukuba imali ngokusebenzisa imali-mboleko yebhanki. kwamatyala abantu zikarhulumente engamanzi kakhulu ngakumbi, kunye nabatyali kulula kakhulu ukuba bathengise ngazo kwimarike eziziisekondari.

Ngamanye amaxesha izibambiso zikarhulumente zibonelela iibhanki zorhwebo kunye nempahla ulwelo. Ukuze wenze oku, iibhanki atyala (ubukhulu becala evela kwingxowa-mali reserve) njengenxalenye izibambiso ezikhutshwe ngurhulumente. Kwakhona, izibambiso ngurhulumente ukuze kuxhaswe iinkqubo ukuba ziyaphunyezwa ngabasemagunyeni ekuhlaleni. Urhulumente angabonelela iziqinisekiso kwamatyala lonke jikelele, ngokutsho kurhulumente, bafanelwe inkxaso yayo.

Kunikezelo izibambiso urhulumente kubangelwe yimfuno ukuhlawula amatyala ezikhutshiweyo ngaphambili kuRhulumente. Ngamanye amaxesha urhulumente uya kuba izikhewu elifutshane phakathi kwengeniso kunye neendleko ngenxa ixesha ukungafani zokufunyanwa ntlawulo-mali kunye neenkcitho mali efanayo. Ngoko ke urhulumente kwakhona wabhenela umba etyala karhulumente.

Ezinye iintlobo izibambiso eyenzelwe uwugudise iingeniso zerhafu olungalinganiyo. Abanini bezi izibambiso Ungabuyela bawabuyisele kurhulumente emva kwexesha elithile okanye ukuhlawula iirhafu zabo.

izibambiso State of the Russian Federation ibonisa ingakumbi kwilizwe lethu, ingakumbi irhafu, yaye kwangaxeshanye, ngokusekelwe eqhelekileyo ehlabathini iziseko ubukho kunye nokusebenza zemalike izibambiso. Kwi-Russian Federation, iintlobo izibambiso zikarhulumente ziya kumiselwa liSebe Bank of Russia kunye Ministry of Finance of Russia. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo kubo: karhulumente elifutshane iibhondi zero-coupon (T-eyilwayo), amaqhina mboleko lwemali karhulumente sangaphakathi - kufumaneka ukususela ngowe-1993, amaqhina mboleko federal kunye fixed coupon ingeniso imixokelelwane ze-mali karhulumente mboleko ezikhutshwe ngo-1995, Bank of Russia iibhondi (OBR), njalo-njalo. d.