Uhlobo arthropods: iimpawu jikelele, yokuhlela

iplanethi lwethu luyakhula kuzinambuzane ezahlukeneyo kakhulu, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana nezityalo siye khona. Kodwa kweli phepha, sihlalutya ngokweenkcukacha uhlobo arthropods. iimpawu ngokubanzi ezi eziphilayo ziya kuqhutywa kweli nqaku.

inombolo

Yinto enkulu kunazo zonke yaye zizityebi uhlobo yehlabathi isilwanyana. Abameli kukho malunga nezigidi iintlobo. Inani labo ngomnye-sesithathu sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo kwiplanethi yethu, njengokuba ophilileyo ngeli xesha, yaye extinct. Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe umbuzo "iimpawu Jikelele uhlobo arthropods" (7 kwibakala yezikolo zasesekondari linyanzelekile ukuba baziqhelanise, abantwana kunye nabameli nto), kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba inani elikhulu izinto zisekho unexplored, inani ngqo kuthiwa ukufikelela abalishumi lezigidi okanye ngaphezulu.

Qho yonke Ezilwandle nasemanzini, iilwandle, imithombo amanzi phezu komhlaba. Ngokusekelwe uhlobo ecosystem ndakhetha iintlobo ezithile kubonakala phezu kwemvelo kunye nokutya ozikhethayo. Uhlobo arthropods, iimpawu ngokubanzi apho - njongo yethu iphambili, umnikelo ezahlukeneyo ukuze aququzelele cinga yokuhlela.

yokuvikela

Sele ekhankanywe ukuba uhlobo kukho inani elikhulu lwezinto ezikhoyo, kodwa nangona kule yantlukwano, bonke babe isakhiwo efanayo ngokwentelekiso komzimba. Ukuqwalasela uhlobo arthropods (iimpawu ngokubanzi), siphawula ukufana - skeleton lwangaphandle nzima yabhalwa ngechitin. Ezinye zezinto eziphilayo silubiza, equka lipid, iiproteins kunye calcium carbonate. Le isuti engaphandle ibanika nokhuseleko kunye nenkxaso umzimba. Kwakhona, udonga iqokobhe iqhotyoshelwe izihlunu.

Kubalulekile kukuba onke amalungu ekucaca ukuba molt, le nkqubo kubangelwa yinto yokuba exoskeleton lungakhuli, kwaye ngexesha ukukhula isilwanyana kufuneka indlu enkulu.

umzimba

uhlobo Rich nezohlukeneyo of arthropods. iimpawu ngokubanzi kwaye iquka iimpawu ezifana segmentation. Umzimba uphela yahlulwe komsindo. Ngamanye amaxesha zikhula kunye, meko leyo ibizwa tagmata, kunye nenkqubo - tagmasis. Omnye umzekelo kuthiwa intloko tho kunye Isifuba nesisu. Arthropods kwakhona waso kunye namalungu -. Yiloo apho igama, ngokoqobo eliguqulelwa ngokuthi 'iinyawo ezigoba "

Thabatha arthropods zokuqala noninzi nobu-, ngoko kwilungu ngalinye lomzimba iye yanxulunyaniswa omnye kuphela iperi waso. Noko ke, uninzi lweentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zazivelela kwaye itshintshwe omzimba, lisekwa kwezinye izakhiwo, ezifana:

• mouthparts;
• anabayo;
• zokuzala, njalo-njalo.

Xa arthropods ezihlobene isenokuba branched okanye unbranched.

Iimvakalelo, exchange igesi, nokuhamba kwegazi

abameli abaninzi baye ephuhliswe kakuhle qwa (bafundelane ngezibini, amehlo ambaxa), nangona abanye abanalo eli lungelo. ukuba avalwe inkqubo yokujikeleza, akukho imithambo yegazi.

Gas exchange kwenzeka ngeendlela ezininzi:

• iigilizi;
• uqhoqhoqho;
• emiphungeni.

abameli ezininzi arthropods dioecious, ngokuqhelekileyo kwezichumiso kwenzeka ngaphakathi, kwaye zizala amaqanda.

Uhlobo arthropods: iimpawu jikelele, yokuhlela

Oku izilwanyana ziyalingana. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba bayinzala annelids. Xa kuhlalutywa kakuhle, sinako ukubona ukufana kwi sakhiwo. Inye kuphela kuphuhliso ngendaleko yokuqala bafikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu mbutho. Arthropods (uhlobo eziqhelekileyo neempawu, ekhuhlelwe neminye imiba Ndozingcwalisela iinkcukacha) yahlulwe ngokwezi ndidi ziphambili zilandelayo:

• yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe;
• ezinamaqokobhe;
• izinambuzane.

Kwelinye icala, iklasi nganye yahlulwe ngokwamaqela. Ngokomzekelo, phakathi ezineqokobhe bodwa: Cladocera, copepods kunye decapod. Ngu ezinamaqokobhe ziquka: izigcawu, amangolwane noonomadudwane. Nezinambuzane akhawunti ukuba inani elikhulu kakhulu iiyunithi, ezifana:

• Orthoptera;
• oohlabamanzi;
• Diptera;
• Coleoptera;
• Hemiptera;
• Hymenoptera;
• Homoptera;
• iintakumba, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Cinga iklasi nganye ngokwahlukeneyo.

kwezilwanyana

Yinto enoxinzelelo kakhulu kaloku udidi ezahlukeneyo, uniko manani, iintlobo malunga namashumi amane amawaka. Ngokusisiseko, ukuba inokufumaneka kwiilwandle kunye namaqumrhu amatsha, kodwa ke kukho abathile abaye kakuhle ilizwe.

Nangona uhlobo arthropods (intlanzi iklasi, inkcazelo jikelele apho ngazo kweli candelo) esisityebi kunene, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba inani le kwihi ekupheleni kweli candelo sinikela itheyibhile ikuncede nokumisa ulwazi olufundiweyo.

Bona ezidadayo, ukukhasa okanye yokuphila apha. Phakathi kwazo kukho gazi, bahlwise. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ezahlukeneyo સંસાધક isisebenzisi segmentation umzimba, baye kule klasi, kukho ishumi mahlanu.

Makhe siqwalasele uphawu ummeli eqhelekileyo kule klasi, lo yenamvuna ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Ukusuka igama kuye kwacaca ukuba uhlala ngamanzi ahlaziyekileyo. indima yayo yendalo kunye nabantu liphezulu kakhulu. Qaphela ukuba ungenza nokuba ukwahlula inkunzi imbonakalo nemazi.

Umsebenzi yimpumelelo ebusuku, yena utya ukutya izityalo kuphela, esidla zombini abaphilayo ixhoba nabafileyo. abantu abaqolileyo ubungakanani - iisentimitha elinesihlanu okanye ngaphezulu, ukuba molt kanye ngonyaka, kwizilwanyana abatsha, le nkqubo lwenzeka izihlandlo eziliqela ngonyaka.

Njengoko namanye amalungu arthropods, inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi akukho ivaliwe intliziyo Kubonakala ngathi ibhegi pentahedral kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe apha kule emva umntla. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba intloko nomzimba uxhulumeneyo. Ephathekayo ingqondo ukuqgiba ebukhali ngenxa intshebe elide. Amehlo ligxile ezintsonkothileyo misila ukuba reimburses lo nokungakwazi kwe entloko.

Uhlobo arthropods, iklasi ezinamaqokobhe: isishwankathelo jikelele

Kanye kowangaphambili, kuba esisityebi kunene, angaphezu amathathu amawaka entlobo eziphilayo, inkoliso yabo bahlala kulo mhlaba, kodwa kukwakho abameli zasemanzini yesibini. Njengokuba intlanzi, bona babe cephalothorax, ukongeza koku kukho esiswini. Qaphela ukuba segmentation kuxhomekeke utshintsho (ezinye yamasango ayinalo umzimba abamnkela, ezifana inja).

Ingxenye yomzimba lokuqala (cephalothorax) anamathela ukuba izibini amathandathu amalungu omzimba:

• izibini ezimbini - maxilliped.
• Izibini Four - nogoschupaltsy.

Kwi esiswini akukho imilenze, kodwa amanye amalungu ale klasi aye alondolozwa iingxowa umphunga, umgangatho imbasa okanye spinneret.

Enye ezinamaqokobhe isatifiketi sophawu lweemfanelo - yinto zangaphandle equka lipoprotein, ekhusela umzimba ekulahlekelweni nokufuma. Ezininzi isigcawu esinetyhefu nomhlaza. Njengomgaqo, ezinamaqokobhe - amarhamncwa, kodwa iqela elikhulu ukuya gazi kunye ezitya utyani. Ukuphefumla lwenziwa yi iibhegi pulmonary okanye noqhoqhoqho, kodwa zesigcawu ngoncedo kwezi izidumbu ezimbini. Amalungu kwamehlo, ngaphandle kwebala, ivumba kunye nemvakalo ziyaphuhliswa kakuhle, kodwa ezinye umbono amakhalane engekho ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuchumisa ngaphakathi indawo, waphawula kwiintlobo ezithile amakhalane kunye noonomadudwane kuphila ukuzalwa. Nangona lesi sigaba kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo amaqela afana zezi:

• Izigcawu.
• Zokukorekisha.
• Ngeekatsi.

izinambuzane

Nantsi itheyibhile ebonisa iimpawu eziphambili izinambuzane.

Le iklasi wafunda mncinane, kodwa abalulekile ngaphantsi kwezinye, oku kakuhle zifundwa inzululwazi kuphela ngenxa yokuba usemncinci.