Armand de Caulaincourt, ngonozakuzaku French. "Yahlaselwa UNapoleon ngayo Russia"

Armand de Caulaincourt - zomkhosi French kunye nenkokheli yezopolitiko eyona nto idume ngayo kwimbali yobomi bakhe, elingcwele, iphulo uNapoleon ngayo eRashiya, kwakunye ubuhlobo obusenyongweni neenkokeli emphaya ezikhulu zazibini, abaye ndawonye 1812 edabini wamagazi.

Childhood nokuphila ekuqaleni

UYise umcebisi elizayo kukaNapoleon kunye French Foreign uMphathiswa emkhosini yaye wayehlala nentsapho yakhe enqabeni ilifa Caulaincourt ukuba ummandla kwisebe Aisne. Yesithoba December 1773 ngo yindlalifa ekudala elindelwe wazalwa. Le nkwenkwe igama Armand.

Ekubeni le ntsapho amanene, umntwana wafumana imfundo ekhaya, yaye kuphela ngo-1778 Armand de Caulaincourt, kulandela ekhondweni likayise, waqalisa umendo wakhe wamajoni. Xa eneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, le nkwenkwana ababhalise kwelinye royal webutho, amahashe kunye isikhundla Private. Xa elinesithandathu ezinesiqingatha Caulaincourt wayesele Lieutenant yesibini, yaye ngo-Ngo1791 waba mkhosi kuyise.

intshutshiso

1792 yazisa lo mfana nje kuphela iziganeko ivuyisa okwangoku, kodwa engxakini enkulu. Ekuqaleni, yena wonyuselwa isikhundla nenduna, waza ngesiquphe elikhululwe kumkhosi. Isizathu sokuba leyo isihloko ungunyana wabanumzana eyayibangela urhano phakathi urhulumente waseFransi revolution, ngelo xesha amathambo nje imfazwe kunye Austria kunye ndayichitha izintlu umkhosi ukucoca.

Kodwa Armand de Caulaincourt waba Musa ukuba phakathi kwababambana nomnye phezulu lula kangaka. Kulo nyaka mnye wacela National Guard phantsi Paris (kwisebe le-Red Cross) kwi amalungelo ntliziyo, yaye kungekudala kakhulu, azuze ukuzithemba ukukhokela, abe phoyisa abaphezulu nomnye ithathele izindawo. Caulaincourt Okulandelayo yawela ndakukhupha grenadiers, yaye kamva kancinane - abagcini ihashe. Kubonakala ukuba yonke into aya kakuhle, kodwa ke kwakhona iyanditya imvelaphi ahlukile. Ukuqwalasela lo mfana ukrokrela kakhulu, waphinda wabanjwa waphoswa entolongweni, yena, ke, kungekudala babaleka kuzo.

iba ngcono

ne 1794 umsebenzi Caulaincourt ngokukhawuleza kakhulu iya ephinde. Ngonyaka nje omnye wafikelela isikhundla alimwi a butho of webutho, owamahashe, ababekhonza jikelele lomlawuli efanayo Ober Dubail (umhlobo osenyongweni lentsapho). Ngowe-1796-m Ober Duban waba endisisigidimi eConstantinople, kunye Armand de Caulaincourt hlobo.

In Fratsiyu ijoni eliselula emva ngo-1797-m kwaye isebenza njengomncedisi jikelele kwi umkhosi Meuse ne Sambre. Kwakukho German, yamaMaya, kunye iRhine Army. Caulaincourt zikhetha elikwinqanaba sikhulu, wathi umthetheli-butho of carabineers. Inxaxheba iimfazwe stock naphantsi Venheymom. Ngexesha yokugqibela yena uhlatywe kabini, kodwa isitokhwe nangoku iphelile. isabelo sayo zana ngexesha edabini kunye Nersheyme mooskirchen.

isuka

Ngowe-1799 eFransi kuyo yabhukuqwayo Directory yaye okunene kwaqalisa ixesha Napoleonic. Bonaparte ubengayixelanga abe ngumlawuli (oku kuya kwenzeka kuphela ngo-1804), kodwa ke unozakuzaku lokuqala kwaye wadlala ebomini karhulumente indima enkulu.

Eli xesha ngenene nzima ukusuka umsebenzi Caulaincourt. Kwaye zonke enkosi ukusekelwa omnye umhlobo omdala lentsapho - ". Umphathiswa French amazwe" Talleyrand, ababekhonza phantsi kukaNapoleon kwi isikhundla Le ndoda yakwazi ukuba oko proteges bakhe baya eSt Petersburg kunye Siyavuyisana ukusuka kukaNapoleon ukuya Alexander Omkhulu, weza etroneni.

Utyelelo yaqala ngo-1801-m kunye yaphela ngo-1802-m. Kunyaka eRashiya Caulaincourt akwazi ukuzisondeza Alexander, yaye ngaloo ndlela "wabalahla" ngokwawo phezu inceba uNapoleon, sinombulelo kuye inkonzo elungileyo.

Ekubuyeni kwakhe esikhulu ngempumelelo waba mkhosi ka uNapoleon, yaye kungekudala baphathiswa umsebenzi yokuyivelela i izitali yekhethelo abanokuzimela.

Kamva, Caulaincourt, lowo ungekabikho imashumi mathathu ezelwe, izandla zabo phezu umyalelo we webutho, abakhwele yomkhosi iRhine.

umonakalo omkhulu igama

Ngomnyaka anyukele kwitrone ombuso kukaNapoleon kunye Armand de Caulaincourt kwenzeka ebalini krakra. Umyalelo sele wamyalela ukuba kunikezela phezu prince of umyalezo Baden equlethe isicelo ukunyibilika kwiiyunithi zomkhosi Baden. Xa umyalelo ukuba akukho nto iphosakeleyo, kodwa abaququzeleli ulwaphulo-mthetho kusetyenziswa luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi njenge screen. Yena ndebiwa yabonakala Caulaincourt njengoko ababandakanyeka etyaleni ngqo.

Colonel igama uvalo emva kokuba njengengxaki enkulu. Kodwa amehlo ayithanda uNapoleon wawa. Mlawuli wavuma ingcamango yokuba Caulaincourt wayakha nje. Bonaparte wabonisa ukuqiniseka nenzondelelo olukhulu lesilwanyana sakho ukongeza iliso izitali yokugqibela baphathiswe ulawulo phezu kugcinwe yokuziphatha kwinkundla asebukhosini.

Idini egameni wenkonzo

Service enkundleni bamthomalalisa amampunge Armand de Caulaincourt, owathi ngo-1805 wonyuselwa ukuba jikelele enkulu waza zawongwa Order yekhethelo Imperial. Kodwa impumelelo umsebenzi omkhulu, yeha, hayi ngaphandle iingxwelerha. Indawo Bonaparte imali eninzi, yaye enye neemfuno zayo Caulaincourt umsantsa nomfazi amthandayo.

UNapoleon emigudwini nemigangatho yamaphephandaba yokuziphatha, hayi umtshato ndibulisa. A umkhonzazana kwiwonga Mam de Canisius uKumkanikazi ukuba umtshato. Caulaincourt wayefuna ngokwenene ukutshata naye, kodwa abakwazanga.

Phakathi kukaNapoleon Alexander

Kwelinye amadabi yena Arman labasibekela uNapoleon kwi lekhefu ngebhola kunaso, kwaye umlawuli waba enkulu ngakumbi uTimoti. He pha kuye dukedom, yaye ngowe-1807, Caulaincourt wafumana indawo omtsha - "Ambassador France eRashiya. "Yinyaniso ukuba eSt Petersburg ngokuthanda ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe angazange azitshise umnqweno ukuhamba, kodwa akabanga nabuganga ukungamthobeli Bonaparte.

ERashiya, Arman wachitha iminyaka emihlanu, kwaye yonke le minyaka ndizama ukuyeka oko kuza ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini - imfazwe phakathi kwezi emphaya ezimbini. Kwaye Alexander, eyaba kufutshane kakhulu, kwaye uNapoleon Caulaincourt wayehlonelwa gqitha yaye bethandwa. Oku kwathintela ukuba athabathe naliphi na icala elinye. Wavuma kuhlola ukuba eFransi, njengoko kuceliwe Bonaparte, kodwa hlola Alexander enikiweyo. Noko ke, kwenzeka into ngokulahleka - umntu lowo luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi waqalisa umlawuli Russian, umxhasi yakhe yakudala Tayleran, wanikezela kwimpembelelo Alesandire ingxelo kuye inkcazelo ebalulekileyo ukusuka kwinkundla French.

Caulaincourt ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubanjwe iingxoxo kunye kukaNapoleon phezu inadmissibility emfazwe, yaye ekugqibeleni umlawuli yagqiba ukuba tsar Russian owathunywa kuye. Umphumo waba yokurhoxa ukusuka kuma ngentsika ngunozakuzaku ye iNkosana. Caulaincourt wabuyela eFransi ngo-1811.

War of 1812

Kwaye ngo 1812 kodwa imfazwe, kwaye luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi kwakhona eRashiya. Kuphela ngoku indima esikhulu akakho, njengoko umhlali.

Phantse lonke ixesha wachitha ecaleni uNapoleon, yaye waqhubeka bathethe phandle ngokuchasene ukuya emfazweni. Xa oku kwenzeka phambi Alexander Omkhulu, Ngethuba lothetha-thethwano. Bonaparte wamfuthela kunene uTimoti, akazange athethe naye nje iiveki ezimbalwa. Waze wabonisa novelwano kwi ukufa umninawa wakhe Caulaincourt kweli dabi Borodino.

Kwakhona zibuthelwe ndawonye * uKhesare kunye iNkosana ubunzima abanamava kunye: iintsuku wakhathazeka sachithwa elikomkhulu Russia, ukutsha, waza waphela ebuya ekhaya.

emva kwemfazwe,

The War of 1812 yaphela kakubi kakhulu eFransi uNapoleon ngokwakhe. Njengoko usazi, kwanyanzeleka ukuba asuke ngokuthanda yonyana wakhe. Kodwa Caulaincourt Kulindelwe kuqinise. Nokuba umbusi, Bonaparte ixesha lokwenza into ebalulekileyo, yaye ozithandayo yakhe isithuba esinzulu - ". Umphathiswa French amazwe" Kule ndima, uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo yakhokelela iintetho uxolo, yayimbongoza Alexander ngabodwa uNapoleon phezu kwisiqithi Elba , endaweni yokuba ukufa senzeka.

Shela of Bonaparte kube nefuthe elihle ubomi Caulaincourt lobuqu. Wakwazi ukuba batshate intanda yakhe.

Abachatshazelwa yi luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi kunye nokubuyiselwa - enye nenye ngamafa bakhe bahlala naye. Mhlawumbi, oku sisiphumo ubudlelwane obuhle umlawuli Russian.

Kodwa kungekudala inceba wenkundla French Caulaincourt ebilahlekile. Ezisanda wamenza ukumkani, ndayihluthwa naye zonke izithuba. UMphathiswa iNkosana de-1814.

"Uvuko" kwaye ukuwa

Ngosuku lokuqala intwasahlobo ngo-1815, uNapoleon wabuyela eFransi waza waqalisa ukulawula kwakhona. A Iklasi yokuqala uzowenza French kwakhona wazifumana esitulweni uMphathiswa Foreign. Waqhubeka babambelele emgceni wabo, ukuba uzama ukutsala kunye Bonaparte kunye kakubi Europe. Kodwa watsho phantsi. UNapoleon wayefuna imfazwe, kwaye kumazwe aseYurophu ofuna ekugqibeleni ukohlukana naye, nto leyo ekugqibeleni yenzeka - Bonaparte woyiswa kumlo wokugqibela.

NgoJuni 1815 Caulaincourt waba ihlakani waseFransi, yaye ngoJulayi wabuyela kwitrone Bourbons. UNapoleon wazidla. Ekubeni ukubuya kwakhe ukuwa kanye nekhulu iintsuku.

Armand kwafuneka kubanjwa, kodwa waphinda wanceda elinye Russian - umlawuli. Esi sipho ukuya eSt Petersburg Caulaincourt wala okuseleyo imihla yakhe wayehlala ekhaya, akusekho abahlala kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kwaye bodwa ngokupheleleyo kwipolitiki.

Wachitha ixesha elininzi ekubhaleni memoirs zakhe malunga imfazwe iminyaka elishumi elinanye ( "yahlaselwa uNapoleon ngayo Russia). Wafa 1827, weshumi elinethoba Februwari. Ngexesha lokufa kwakhe yena iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu anesithathu.

Armand de Caulaincourt: "ukuhlaselwa uNapoleon ngayo Russia" (Memoirs)

Xa memoirs zakhe malunga imfazwe ne-Russia, umbhali we kwimbali yobomi uchaze iziganeko ngaloo minyaka iinkcukacha zincinane. Sondela uNapoleon, ukuba imini yonke, ngoko ixesha lokuzihlolisisa kakuhle ubuntu bakhe waza waluphosa akuphawuleyo ephepheni.

Ukongeza Bonaparte iimpawu ezisegumbini nkumbulo kunye namabali yezinye iimbiza ezinkulu yomkhosi French, ngokunjalo malunga Alexander.

Yinkokheli umkhosi onamava, hayi kuphela uchaza imfazwe, kodwa uphumeza umsebenzi analytical, ukuthetha malunga izizathu kwaqhambuka ubudlova bese lokuphela okuhlazisayo ukuya isiFrentshi wabo.

memoirs Armand de Caulaincourt emnandi kakhulu ezibhaliweyo, kulula ukufunda. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala le ncwadi yapapashwa ngo-1833, kwaye umthombo esibalulekileyo mbali, kodwa kubo bonke abo banomdla kwimfazwe kukaNapoleon ne-Russia, abatshabalalisa umlawuli omkhulu.