ISivumelwano Versailles kunye nesiphumo leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi

ISivumelwano SaseVersailles, isivumelwano owaphela i leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, sasayinwa ngomhla wama-28 Juni 1919 kwimimandla eParis, owayesakuba sasebukhosini.

Ukuxolelana yaphela ngempumelelo imfazwe wegazi, yasayinwa ngoNovemba 11, 1918, kodwa ke iintloko usilwa ithi kwathatha malunga nesiqingatha unyaka ukuze ngokubambisana ukuphuhlisa amalungiselelo eziphambili isivumelwano soxolo. ISivumelwano Versailles yatyikitywa phakathi amazwe victor (USA, France, Great Britain) kunye Germany boyiswa. Russia, ziyingxenye amagunya zokusebenzisana anti-German, ngaphambili, ngowe-1918, waqukumbela Germany uxolo eyahlukileyo (ngokutsho Brest uxolo sivumelwano), ngoko ke abazange bathathe inxaxheba kule Paris kwiNkomfa Yoxolo, okanye ngokusayina iSivumelwano Versailles. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba iRussia ubunzima yabantu enkulu ilahleko kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I, hayi nje akazange afumane naluphi na imbuyekezo (indemnity), kodwa walahlekelwa yinxalenye yommandla zooyise (kwezinye iindawo eUkraine Belarus).

Imigaqo iSivumelwano Versailles

Amalungiselelo ezingundoqo iSivumelwano Versailles - lokwamkelwa ngokungagungqiyo ityala iJamani "okubangelwa imfazwe." Ngamanye amagama, uxanduva ngokupheleleyo lokudala ungquzulwano yaseYurophu jikelele bawa phezu eJamani. Oku kwabangela ibonwe ukwayo yayiyetyumzayo. Ubungakanani indemnities zizonke ehlawulwa kwicala waseJamani yamagunya noloyiso, waba amanqaku zegolide million 132 (kwamaxabiso ka-1919). Iintlawulo zokugqibela zenziwa ngo-2010, ukuze Germany akwazi ukuhlawula ngokupheleleyo off "amatyala" ye leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kuphela emva kweminyaka 92 ubudala.

Germany xaniseke ilahleko buhlungu kakhulu indawo. Zonke amathanga isiJamani yahlulwa phakathi Entente (anti-German womanyano). Inxalenye kumazwe kakhokho German kumazwekazi naye ubelahlekile: Lorraine kunye Alsace zaye ligqithiselwe eFransi, East Prussia - Poland, Gdansk (iDanzig) yathatyathwa isixeko free.

ISivumelwano Versailles eziqulethwe iimfuno eneenkcukacha ejoliswe ekade yeJamani, ekuthinteleni kwakhona ukubanga kukho ungquzulwano yasemkhosini. Umkhosi waseJamani yehla kakhulu (ukuya kwi-100 000). kushishino zomkhosi German ukuba phantse abasekho. Ukongeza, imfuno ngokwahlukileyo oko kwabhalwa ngenxa ekade le Rhineland - iJamani akuvumelekile ukuba anikele ingqalelo apho amajoni kunye nezixhobo emkhosini. ISivumelwano Versailles ziquka umhlathi malunga nokusekwa uManyano Lwezizwe - ngumbutho ngamazwe, efanayo umsebenzi kwi UN yanamhlanje.

Ifuthe iSivumelwano Versailles kuqoqosho German kunye noluntu

Imigaqo iSivumelwano Versailles baba ngokungeyomfuneko ezinzima kakhulu, uqoqosho waseJamani engomelele phambi kwabo. Isiphumo ngqo ukuphunyezwa iimfuno draconian isivumelwano ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ushishino waseJamani, ukudinwa lilonke labemi kunye emali eyoyikekayo.

Ukongeza, isivumelwano uxolo ekhubekisayo irwece ethe, nangona kukho into engabonakaliyo, njengoko ubuzwe. AmaJamani waziva nje kuphela ezichithakeleyo nokuphangwa, kodwa Ethundezwa kakubi impoxo, buhlungu. uluntu German lula abuzange bukoyise ubuzwe kakhulu kakhulu kunye neengcamango revanchist; kule - esinye sezizathu ukuba lizwe yiminyaka engama-20 kuphela eyadlulayo kunye nentlungu olunye ungquzulwano zomkhosi nesiqingatha jikelele kwaphela, ngokulula ndangena elilandelayo. Kodwa iSivumelwano Versailles ngowe-1919, apho ezifanele ukuthintela zongquzulwano, akwaphalala kuphela msebenzi wayo; kodwa othile wanceda kuphembelela Second World War.