I Baghdad Battery: inkcazelo, injongo, isicelo umdla facts

Ukuba isixeko mihla ukucima ubuncinane ngeyure amandla, ngoko kuya kuvela nakanjani na imeko, ukuba liliphi na ilizwi mildest - nciphisa. Yaye nakanjani, kangangoko umbane wangena ebomini bemihla ngemihla. Engathandi umbuzo umbuzo - njani ookhokho bethu kangangamawaka eminyaka ngaphandle olu hlobo lwe-eneji? Ngaba baye ngokupheleleyo evinjwa amandla ayo? Yiloo abaphandi umbuzo akukho impendulo ecacileyo.

Iziphumo ekwimimandla emelene Baghdad

Bakholelwa ukuba abantu baqhawula wayeqhelene yangoku yombane kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVIII, yaye kwenzeka ngoncedo abavela ezimbini esisuka abaye bachitha ubomi babo nasekufundweni ophathekayo - Luigi Galvani ezihlangwini zakhe Alexander Volta. Kuyinto ngenxa aba bantu namhlanje nesebenza yimiqolo yombane, ukukhanya ivuliwe emakhayeni ethu, abamelwane ezinzulwini zobusuku iqalisa ngokuxokozela umthwalo.

Noko ke, le Akuthandabuzeki inyaniso iye izanyazanyiswa ukufunyanwa, eyenziwe zakudala yaseOstriya UWilhelm Keuning e Baghdad kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane eyaziwa ngokuba Baghdad yeeBhetri 1936. Imbali ayithethi kwi ukuba umphandi ngokwakhe wemba emhlabeni, okanye nje wathenga bhokisi ukusuka 'archeologists abamnyama "ekuhlaleni. Le yokugqibela kubonakala, ewe, njengoko amtyeshela andibhaqwa nokuba ezinye izinto ezinomdla, kodwa ihlabathi wayesazi elinye kuphela ukufunyanwa ezizodwa.

Yintoni na ibhetri Baghdad?

Ngenxa William Keuning ubuntu wazuza bento emangalisayo kufana yamandulo yodongwe isitya intlabathi umbala, ukuphakama ongadluli iisentimitha elinesihlanu, kwaye ubudala, kuyabonakala ukuba, wayelingana zeminyaka emibini. Uyafumana intamo kokuvalelwa resin lokumisa, apho zinokubonakala elibukhali ukususela iintsalela intonga yakhe metal ngexesha elide, phantse kutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngokudleka.

Ukususa cap intlaka nokukhangela ngaphakathi, abaphengululi bafumana khona sheet sobhedu obhityileyo, wawa ityhubhu. ubude balo iisentimitha ezilithoba, kwaye ubukhulu wayeneminyaka emashumi mabini anantlanu iimilimitha. Kwagqitywa idlule ngentonga yentsimbi, isiphelo ephantsi alifikeleli ezantsi, kwaye lo walivala ithende eliphezulu ukuya ngaphandle. Kodwa eyona nto imangalisayo kukuba isakhiwo yonke Wagcinwa emoyeni, intlaka zigqunyiwe ngokukhuselekileyo layigubungela ezantsi kwisikhongozeli uphawu entanyeni.

Njani le nto makadlale?

Ngoku umbuzo bonke abo babesiya rhoqo izifundo of physics: Kunjani? Vilgelm Koning wafumana impendulo, ngokuba yena wayengekho phakathi bengekho esikolweni mihla - a iseli galvanic ukuba umbane, okanye, ngamanye amazwi, Baghdad Battery!

Indlela hlanya Usenokubonakala ingcamango, kodwa kwakunzima umngeni. Yanele ukuba babambe amava elula. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bazalise isitya kunye electrolyte, leyo zize kakuhle yomdiliya okanye lemon ijusi iviniga, iqula ayesaziwa ngamaxesha amandulo.

Ekubeni isisombululo uya ngokupheleleyo akawuvingca ukuqhagamshelana omnye, intonga yesinyithi kunye ityhubhu lobhedu, kukho ingozi umahluko kunye umsinga wombane ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kuvela phakathi kwabo. Zonke abathandabuzayo zibhekisela incwadi ye physics ibanga lesibhozo.

ngokwenene ngoku siqhubeka, kodwa yintoni elandelayo?

Emva kwale ngogesi wamandulo kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri Baghdad waye iingcingo kunye nawuphi na umsebenzisi amandla efanelekileyo - umzekelo, isibane umgangatho, eyenziwe ngamagqabi ngqangi. Noko ke, oko ube kukukhanya elula isitalato.

Ngabomvu ukuphikisa abagxeki malunga yokuba ngeyunithi ukukhanyisa ngamnye kufuneka bulb ubuncinane enye, esilishumayelayo ukuxambulisana abaxhasi oku, ekuqaleni, iingcamango kwamnandi, uze ufumanise, ukuba abantu ababephila kudala ngaphambi kwexesha lethu, ukwenza eewathi, ngaphandle apho yamandulo Baghdad ibhetri iphelelwa intsingiselo?

khangela indlela ukukhanya, wenza eYiputa yamandulo?

Kubonakala ukuba oku akwenzeki, ubuncinane nge njengokwasesipilini iingxaki kufuneka ungabi nabo, ngenxa yokuba, ngokutsho kwinzululwazi, wenza iminyaka eliwaka emihlanu edlulileyo ngamaYiputa amandulo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kudala ngaphambi kokuba imbonakalo iiphiramidi ecaleni Nile ngokutshisa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ngomxube wesanti, soda uthuthu, kunye lime, intsimbi ifikelele kubunzima yiglasi. Nangona isibakala sokuba ekuqaleni elubala yayo abaziintsizana, ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye BC yayo kwakonele, inkqubo ephuculiweyo, ibe ngenxa yoko laqalisa ukufumana kwiglasi kufutshane bembonakalo yayo mihla.

Nzima kunjalo olu cingwana, kodwa kukho lokuhle asityhafi up. Le ngxoxo engundoqo bakhomba umzobo ongaqondakaliyo, afumaneka kwi iindonga kumangcwaba zaseYiputa (iifoto kulo inikwe kwinqaku lethu). Kuso igcisa yamandulo zazibonisa mba efana kakhulu isibane mihla, ngaphakathi leyo ngokucacileyo wabona into efana le intambo. Nkqu exhasayo ngakumbi nani unika umfanekiso uthambo yaveza ukuba isibane.

Ukuba isibane akakho, ngoko yintoni?

Ukuphikisa abagxeki le lokuhle bathi, "Sinombono, umfanekiso bayiphakamise alumeke, kunye ezithile kwiziqhamo ikhule yi Michurinists yamandulo, kodwa njani na ke ukuba bachaze ukuba kutheni le eluphahleni, apho inkosi beqabe iindonga, akukho imizila umlotha izibane oyile okanye iitotshi? Emva kokuba zonke iifestile iiphiramidi hayi, yaye nzima ukungena kuwo, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba basebenze 'ebumnyameni.

Ngoko kwakukho abathile ayaziwa kuthi umthombo ukukhanya. Noko ke, nakuba kwakungekho iibhalbhu ukukhanya yamandulo, oko akuthethi akuthethi ukuba Baghdad Battery, nto leyo eya kuthi ichazwe ngentla apha, ayikwazanga kusetyenziselwa enye injongo ethile.

Enye ingcamango umdla

E Iran yamandulo, intsimi leyo kwenziwa nifumana ivuso, neempahla zobhedu wayedla nala maleko ubhityileyo isiliva okanye igolide. Kule wafumana ukusuka kwindawo kubuhle ngayo kwaye zibe okusingqongileyo, njengoko iintsimbi amanene badla ukubulala iintsholongwane. Kodwa ke ukuba abeke ukutyabeka okunjalo kuphela indlela electrolytic. Nguye kuphela kunika imveliso nembono ogqibeleleyo.

Le hypothesis yaqalisa ukungqina sisazinzulu waseJamani isazi Arne Eggebreht. Ukuba wenza izikhongozelo ezilishumi ncam Baghdad ibhetri, kuzale anetyuwa ngegolide, ukuba uyakwazi ukufihla iiyure ezimbalwa umaleko efanayo intsimbi amanene esixhotyiswe ngokukodwa yenzelwe ukuba ngobhedu statuette of Osiris.

Ukuxambulisana abagxeki

Noko ke, ubulungisa kuyimfuneko ukuphulaphula kwiimpikiswano kunye bachasayo - abo bacinga umbane zamandulo yasungulwa namaphupho bengasebenzi. Isixhobo kwabo kukho ikakhulu ezintathu ingxabano esinzima.

Kuqala kwinto zonke, ukuba isaziso noko kusengqiqweni ukuba Baghdad battery iseli galvanic ngokwenene, ngoko ngamaxesha athile kwakufuneka ukongeza i electrolyte, isakhiwo apho intamo uzaliswe resin, oko akuvumelekanga. Ngoko ke, lo ibhetri waba isixhobo ezilahlwayo, nto leyo akunakwenzeka.

Ukongeza, abagxeki zibonisa ukuba xa Baghdad ibhetri - ngokwenene isixhobo lokuvelisa umbane, phakathi ngeziphumo zakudala ebotshiwe zaye ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iintlobo lweempawu ezinxulumene, ezifana njengoko ingcingo, macingo njalo njalo. Enyanisweni, into enjengale ayikwazanga kufunyanwa.

Ke ekugqibeleni, lo argument inamandla kungathathwa njengoko ibonisa into yokuba ukuza kuthi ga kule ezikhumbuzo zoncwadi bamandulo akazange ayikhankanye ukusetyenziswa kwaso nasiphi na isixhobo sombane eyayiza kuba kunqandwa ukuba isicelo sabo abaninzi. Nor imifanekiso yazo. Okungaqhelekanga kuphela kumzobo baseYiputa yamandulo, zichazwe ngasentla, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba intetho ocacile.

Ngoko yintoni na?

Ngoko ke kakhulu ngenxa yesenzo eso ngenjongo Baghdad Battery yadalwa? Injongo yale abachasi bhokisi inokruthakruthwano theory sombane ichaza prosaic kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwabo, ukuba isebenza kuphela indawo ukugcina ngqangi okanye isikhumba imisongo yamandulo.

Ekuqwalaseleni, ukuba isekelwe kwinto yokuba nyani imisongo kumaxesha amandulo yenziwa egcinwe udongwe okanye impahla yodongwe, ezifana oku, nangona, kungekhona ngokulitywina intamo intlaka kwemicimbi kubo iintonga yesinyithi. Ukuqeshwa umbhobho yobhedu baze bangakwazi ukuchaza. Kwakhona ayicacanga, kwaye bayahlelwa esongwayo, kusolwa zigcinwe ngaphakathi. Wayengakwazi ibole kangangokuba zange ashiye ngasemva naliphi na ikhethe.

Mshini, abangazange bafune ukuvula imfihlo yabo

Yeha, kodwa iimfihlelo Baghdad iibhetri unanamhla sihlala engekasonjululwa. Ngenxa amalinge, kufunyaniswe ukuba isixhobo loyilo efanayo ngokwenene esikwaziyo ukuvelisa ombane langoku volts ezintandathu, kodwa oku ayithethi ukuba afumane Vilgelma Koninga ezisetyenziswa ngale ndlela. Abaxhasi le ngcamango umbane mncinane gqitha, kuba oko kuchasene iinkcukacha ezisemthethweni inzululwazi, yaye nabani na angene kubo, uqhuba ingozi yokuba sasibekw ningazi kunye charlatan.