Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich: ibhayografi emfutshane, iifoto, ubugcisa, iinyaniso zobomi

Enye amanani abaninzi abadumileyo kwinkcubeko Russian kwesiphelo XVIII - ekuqaleni XIX eminyaka Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Yena lo ungumzekeliso ozise abekekileyo, njengokuba laseburhulumenteni kwaye imbongi, ngubani na ke umbhali walo mbongo edume ngexesha lakhe, yongezwe umoya yiEnlightenment. Bambalwa abantu benze gqitha ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko yelizwe lakhe, njengoko wenzayo uGabriel Derzhavin. Biography kanye umsebenzi lo mntu omkhulu, akukho mathandabuzo, bafanelwe ukufunda eneenkcukacha.

Imbali i

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukufunda iinyaniso zobomi Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, makhe ngokufutshane ujonge imbali yentsapho yakhe.

Derzhavins Family ukuzinza Tatar. Owasungula le uhlobo ingqalelo nyambalala yomkhosi Murza Braga, ngubani bathelela kwinkulungwane XV kwi inkonzo Grand iNkosana eMoscow Vasily II Dark , waza wabhaptizwa igama ilya. Sisazi ukuba ikholwa elitsha yaba Tatar lakomkhulu, Prince wamnika elikwisikhundla ungunyana wabanumzana.

Saba unyana Brahim Narbekov kubhaptizo ekuthiwa UDimitri, unyana omdala uhlobo ezenzeke Narbekova, kwaye ukusuka kwencinane - Alexei Narbekova, ethi The Power nje ukusekwa Derzhavins Minor.

Inzala wabaseki uhlobo Russified ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo kakhulu uvuna imitshato emininzi kunye nabameli yezikhulu Russian, wathabatha izikhundla ezibalulekileyo kunye abathetheli kunye nookumkani karhulumente Russian. Ngokukodwa, nabalawuli kunye nabalindi. Nazi nje kumnombo yentsapho odumileyo yaye Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich.

intsha Derzhavin

Ubomi Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina waqalisa nge-3 Julayi (Ubalo endala) 1743. Kungelo xesha ke wazalwa kwidolophana kwiPhondo Kazan Sokurov usapho kwigosa lomkhosi waseRoma Nikolaevich Derzhavin kunye Fokly Kozlova.

Ngenxa yobume emkhosini usapho N. Roman kwafuneka ukuba rhoqo ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Noko ke, Gavriil Romanovich waphulukana uyise eneminyaka engama-11.

Imbongi elizayo baqalisa ukufumana imfundo xa eneminyaka esixhenxe, xa wathunyelwa ukuba bafunde endlwini yabahambi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ubuhlwempu, leyo Kwehla intsapho emva kokuba ukulahleka umondli, ukuba baqhubeke nezifundo zabo kwakunzima kakhulu. Noko ke, ngo-1759, uGabriel Derzhavin efika Kazan uhlobo yokwenza umthambo esikolweni, nto leyo eye izidanga ngempumelelo kwiminyaka emithathu, ebonisa ezinye zeziphumo best yokufunda. Noko ke, olu qeqesho yakhe iphela. imfundo lungaka ngaloo mihla yayigqalwa ezibalulekile.

Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphumelela, Gavriil Romanovich ukuba bafakwe joni abucala labalindi Kumbi. Apho waqalisa ukubhala ivesi lokuqala. Njengenxalenye yale yunithi ke bathatha inxaxheba ukuvukela 1762 ukubhukuqa * kuKhesare Peter III kunye nokubekwa Catherine, kamva ebizwa Omkhulu. Le nyaniso kukuba ubukhulu becala ziboniswa umsebenzi wakhe elizayo.

A elishumi emva kokuba lika Gabriel Derzhavin ekugqibeleni ufumana isikhundla yegosa, kunye nonyaka kamva kuqala yapapashwa kwizibongo nemibongo yakhe. Kwangaxeshanye, yena wahlukile ekulweni yemvukelo ka Pugachev.

Inkonzo karhulumente

Emva kokuyeka emkhosini ngowe-1777, enkosi kwisicelo salo kwileta eya uKumkanikazi Catherine, Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich uya kwinkonzo karhulumente. Ukongeza, wafumana omnye amafama 300 ngaphezu. Emva kwenye kweenyanga ezintandathu uba umsiki, kwi Yeengwevu. Ngowe-1780 waba ngumcebisi kwi lwengeniso karhulumente kunye nenkcitho, nto leyo kakhulu isikhundla nenzuzo.

udumo ngokubanzi nje imbongi Derzhavin azifumene-1782, kunye nokupapashwa ode yakhe "Felitsa" azinikele kukuzukiswa uKumkanikazi uCatherine II. Kakade ke, lo msebenzi ngokupheleleyo yakucengacenga kumntu ephezulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, kwaba ubugcisa kakhulu, yaye negalelo ngqo lomsebenzi ngakumbi lombhali. Kuyinto ngenxa kuye, waphumelela khona ukuzithandisa uKumkanikazi Gabriel Derzhavin. biography kwakhe kwixa elizayo ibandakanya phambili Death umsebenzi. Kulo nyaka mnye waba lebhunga likarhulumente.

Ngowe-1783, i-Academy yasekwa eSt Petersburg, kunye imbongi ukususela ukuyivula uye waba lilungu ngokupheleleyo.

Noko ke, asimele sinokuthi zonke ebinazo ngokupheleleyo kakuhle kwinkonzo karhulumente. Ngenxa ukungavisisani yinkosana abaphezulu Vyazemsky, umxhasi wakhe owayesakuba, umhlala Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. biography emfutshane kwenza kube nzima ukuba kujolisa kuzo zonke iingongoma zeli tyala.

Noko ke, kakade 1784 wathunyelwa ukulawula ummandla Olonets e Karelia. Kukho Gavriil Romanovich amanqaku ngenkuthalo enkulu ekumiselweni ubomi zoluntu kunye noqoqosho kummandla, nto leyo ebonisa iitalente zalo bombutho. Eli xesha ebomini nomhlaba, iqhutywa wembongi, wanikezela umzimba enkulu izibongo Derzhavin.

Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko wasinika indawo ngcono kakhulu irhuluneli Tambov, sulivshuyu ingeniso kunye namalungelo.

Pinnacle of career

Ngelo xesha, inkonzo ngakumbi nangakumbi uyazifezekisa nenduli Derzhavin Gavriil. Ngokufutshane, ngo Ngo1791, waba njengonobhala ukumkanikazi Catherine, yaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva bayonyuselwa baye kwinqanaba leNdlu yeeNgwevu kunye neceba yangasese. Ukususela ngoku sinako ngokukhuselekileyo ukuba Derzhavin wenza ukuba elite kuluntu Russian.

Ngowe-1795 Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich wakhalaza isihloko uMongameli we-Commerce College - igunya loluntu, umsebenzi ogama ukulawula norhwebo yolawulo. Kakade ke, ukuba indawo inzuzo enkulu.

Emva kokufa uCatherine kaThixo, ebudeni bolawulo Paul I Gavriil Romanovich waba unondyebo karhulumente kunye umphathi yeeNgwevu Chancellery. Xa ezihlangwini kaPawulos Alexander I ngowe 1802. Derzhavin wafumana ipotifoliyo solungiselelo ukuba uMphathiswa wezoBulungisa. Yaba kukuba umsebenzi wakhe wenkonzo.

ukuba ehle

Kodwa sele ngo 1803 eneminyaka engama amathandathu, uMphathiswa wezoBulungisa ibhatyi yaye wabuyela kwinkonzo karhulumente, waphila de ekufeni kwakhe kwenye imizi yakhe kwilali Zvanka Novgorod kwiphondo. Kukho eziliqela izizathu ezabangela ukuba yokuba wanyanzelwa ukuba umhlala Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. biography emfutshane likuvumela zibhale nje, ngaphandle ecacisa iinkcukacha. Le ngeminyaka, ukukhathala wenkonzo karhulumente Derzhavin, kwaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo - umnqweno ukususwa kwakhe kokuthandayo ezintsha Alexander I.

Noko ke, kule siganeko, kukho izinto ezintle: yokurhoxa kwe Gavriil Romanovich bavunyelwe ingqalelo umsebenzi wokubhala.

Umsebenzi ngaphambili

Ubuchule Gabriel Derzhavin ubuntu yokomfuziselo ixesha layo. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, owokuqala nemibongo yakhe Wabhala, njengoko yabucala labaLindi yoTshintsho. Noko ke, le Derzhavin umbongo wabhalela ngakumbi kunokuba ukuya ngokutsha jikelele.

Eyokuqala zemibongo zakhe ziye zapapashwa kweminyaka elishumi kuphela kamva ngowe-1773, xa Derzhavin sele kubanjwe i sikhundla igosa. Kodwa ke ubuqaqawuli kwinqanaba likarhulumente ukuze wazisa i ode ukuba "Felitsa" ozinikezeleyo All-Russian uKumkanikazi uCatherine II. Lo msebenzi yayigcwele yokuncoma kwiikumkani zokudumisa, kodwa kwangaxeshanye nokubunjwa kwayo ibhola kakhulu slim, nakwabasebenzayo lo ode isafobe ngebande elinye kunye indalo inkulu imibongo mihla kuye.

Kwaba emva kokupapashwa "Felitsa" Derzhavin waba ngomnye edume iimbongi of Russia ixesha lakhe.

umsebenzi Further

isiphelo nzima ukuba Gabriel Derzhavin. Facts yokuphila kwakhe kubonisa ukuba nkqu liphezulu olusuka izithuba zikarhulumente, akazange azilibale malunga yemibongo. Oku Imisebenzi xesha ziquka ukubhala imisebenzi angumqondiso ezifana "Thunder loyiso kukuqhaqhazelisa," "Swan", "Thixo", "grandee", "Falls" kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ngamnye kubo yayo iimpawu sengqiqo kunye nezihloko ezifanelekileyo. Umzekelo, i "Bendudumo loyiso kukuqhaqhazelisa" belucwangcisiwe ku umculo kunye phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX yayigqalwa umhobe ongekho mthethweni eRashiya. Enye indalo imbongi "Autumn ekungqingweni nasekuxinweni ka Ochakov" yaba uhlobo umbongo-ikhwelo lokuba kusetyenzwe ngokusingisele kwimpi kaFaro Ottoman. A imveliso ezifana "Swan" yaye "Ingxangxasi" zabhalwa phantsi kwempembelelo Derzhavina ukuhlala Karelia.

Derzhavin babhala eyabo imibongo ibe lyric kunye ibonwe, ezijolise ekukhuliseni salo kunye nokuphakanyiswa kwe uKumkanikazi kunye uBukhosi Russian. Ngamnye imisebenzi bakhe incasa engaqhelekanga.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba uninzi imisebenzi edume Gavriil Romanovich kwazo kufika kanye xa ixesha omkhulu promotion lomsebenzi kwinkonzo karhulumente.

umsebenzi wokubhala emva komhlala

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, yokuyeka ukusuka kwinkonzo karhulumente wavumela Derzhavin bachitha ixesha elingakumbi isihobe kunye noncwadi ngokubanzi.

Ngowe-1808 yena esikhutshwe edishini entsha yemisebenzi yakhe kwiindawo ezintlanu.

Ngowe-1811, kunye namanye amanani ebonakalayo Russian inkcubeko umlungiseleli Aleksandrom Semenovichem Shishkovym umhlala kudala uluntu zoncwadi. Ukudalwa kwalo mbutho, ngokuqinisekileyo omnye izenzo ezininzi eyayiza kuba nebhongo Gabriel Derzhavin. biography elifutshane, ngelishwa, linciphise umda kwembaliso kwaye achaze yonke imisebenzi yoluntu.

Of inqaku ethile iye idumileyo intlanganiso elizayo Derzhavin nembongi Russian omkhulu Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym. Noko ke, ngoxa Pushkin engekazani umfundi kunye akwenziwanga kwaba nobuqaqawuli, kodwa Gavriil Romanovich, ngokuthatha uviwo, nokuba ngelo xesha wabona oko makings ye yingqondi. Le ntlanganiso ebonakalayo kwenzeka ngonyaka phambi Derzhavin afe ngo-1815.

usapho

Gabriel Derzhavin wayetshatile kabini. Ixesha lokuqala kwakhe watshata eneminyaka engama-35 ukuya elishumi elinesithandathu Catherine Yakovlevna Bastidon, ngubani na intombi valet wahliswa uMlawuli Peter III, owayesakuba isiPhuthukezi. Yiyo loo nto olu engaqhelekanga ukuba ifani Russian. Umtshato senzeka 1778. Phakathi batshatayo kwakukho iimvakalelo amahle ndithule, ezo ke ayimangalisi, kuqwalaselwa iimpawu zobuqu Gavriil Romanovich kunye nobuhle Catherine Yakovlevna. Akukho nto Derzhavin yakholwa Ndithelekelele wakhe umfazi usenza ubuchule bakhe.

Kodwa ulonwabo ayikho obungunaphakade, yaye Gabriel Derzhavin uzaziyo a intlungu enkulu. umfazi wakhe, ukuba engama-34 kuphela ubudala, wafa ngo-1794. Yena ke yokuphumla various kumangcwaba eSt Petersburg.

Nangona Gavriil Romanovich intlungu wayesazi yodwa, zingaphelanga iinyanga ezintandathu emva kokufa umfazi wakhe watshata okwesihlandlo sesibini. Ungumyeni yakhe intombi oyintloko umtshutshisi kunye karhulumente uceba Darya Alekseevna Dyakov. Ngexesha lomtshato wabo umtshakazi wayeneminyaka engama-28 kuphela ubudala, lo gama Derzhavin - '51. Kufuneka ke ukuba, ngokungafaniyo umtshato wokuqala imbongi, olu manyano akazange yakhiwa uthando, kodwa ubuhlobo nentlonelo. Darya Alekseevna wasinda umyeni wakhe njengoko 26 iminyaka, kodwa sekunjalo ixesha lesibini utshatile akazange aphume.

Abantwana e Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina wayengekho, kodwa wathabatha ukukhathalela umntwana womhlobo wakhe ufile Peter various, ogama uAndreya, Alex Michael. Abokugqibela babo kwixesha elizayo abe nguvulindlela Antarctica.

ukufa imbongi xa

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin wafa kwilifa lakhe Zvanka, apho wayehlala yonke le minyaka emva yokurhoxa ukusuka sithuba solungiselelo. Kwathi ngomnyaka asixhenxe-wesithathu yobomi imbongi xa ngoJulayi 8, (style endala), 1816. Ngelo xesha ukufa ecaleni kwakhe umfazi wakhe othembekileyo Darya Alekseevna.

Kodwa ngaphandle kwentsapho yakhe, ngokulahleka zokukhanyisa enamandla yenkcubeko ngexesha lakhe, Kakade, buhlungu inxalenye ebalulekileyo nezazi Russian kunye nabantu abafundileyo, kwakunye nabantu bonke ababenaye nje uqhelene Gavriil Romanovich yaye esazi naye njengendoda enovelwano nolungileyo.

Gabriel Derzhavin wafihlwa oyiNgcwele yoTshintsho Cathedral, nto leyo iqhele elingekude Novgorod.

Iziphumo ubomi kunye nelifa

ubomi kunokuba entsonkothileyo, izityebi umdla waphila Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Facts ukusuka ngobomi bakhe ukubonisa indima ebalulekileyo yalo mntu kubomi benkcubeko lizwe kwizinto zentlalo. Kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu inkonzo yakhe uBukhosi Russian abakwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo zikarhulumente. Kodwa ilifa ibalulekileyo ukuba ushiye Gabriel Derzhavin - Kakade ke, imibongo yakhe abakrelekrele kakhulu kuthathwa yi bexesha lakhe imbongi, kunye nenzala.

Kwaye ngoku eRashiya khumbula ukuba uhlawule nemalanana owenza Gavriil Romanovich kuphuhliso inkcubeko yesizwe. Ngomhla kwizikhumbuzo imbongi enkulu kungqinwa zesikhumbuzo ezininzi, amatye kunye umonakalo ebekwe Derzhavin kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo eRashiya, ingakumbi, e Petrozavodsk, Kazan, eSt Petersburg, Tambov, kwaye, kakade, xa ummandla Manor yakhe Zvanka ibekwe kwingingqi Novgorod apho genius wachitha iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Ukongeza, behlonipha Gabriel Derzhavin kwiindawo baninzi ababiziweyo ezitratweni, izikwere, amaziko emfundo njalo njalo. D.

Ngaphandle kufuneka zenziwe Museum-kwilifa wembongi enkulu. Yaba kule ndlu lo gama besemsebenzini eSt Petersburg umhlali Gabriel Derzhavin. Iifoto welifa yi- igadi Polish ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi.

Ngoku, le sakhiwo kucingwa yimyuziyam engundoqo enikelwe ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina. Namhlanje isimo sabo ilifa yangaphambili ezifunyenwe kuphela ngo-2003, nangona isigqibo malunga nokusekwa lolondolozo lwembali senziwa kwiminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi koko. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, kwabakho zoluntu. Ngoku, isakhiwo, ingaphakathi ezitshomini ka Derzhavin.

Kakade ke, lo memory of an ubuntu obalaseleyo Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, asifanelanga ukuba lokulibala kwaye iya kuze ilityalwe eRashiya akayi.