IQela leNgqungquthela njengelungelo lokunene le-Olympus yaseRashiya

Ukuqala kwekhulu lama-20 kuye kwaphawulwa uMbuso waseRussia ngentshukumo yobudlobongela bezopolitiko phakathi kwabantu, phakathi kweentelligentsia, kunye neengqungquthela ezinkulu zazingenakuvuyela imeko yangoku yezopolitiko nezoqoqosho, eyabonakaliswa ngethuba loguquko lwe-1905-07. Esinye seziphumo zayo ezibalulekileyo singabizwa ngokuba yizopolitiki. Kwaye enye yeembonakalo zayo yayiyiqela lala maKhotho.

Imfuneko yokulungiselela ukwakha iqela le-Octobrist

Nangona kwithuba emva kokuguqulwa kwe-liberal yekhulu leshumi elinesithoba, ukunyakaza kunye nezopolitiko ze-liberal nature zaqala ukuvela eRashiya, zonke ezo zahluke kakhulu kwaye zazingekho i-systemic. Uphuhliso olusebenzayo lwezobudlelwane be-capitalist emva kwe-1861 lukhokelela ekuguquleni kwamandla amakhulu. Okubaluleke ngakumbi kunoklasi elitsha lomenzi-abenzi. Kwixesha lokuguqulwa kwamathambo kunye nokuguqulwa, i-bourgeoisi yafika kummandla phantse kuwo onke amazwe aseYurophu. Kukho utshintsho olukhulu kwiinkqubo zezopolitiko; Jikelele ulungele, inkundla emele, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zezenzo zezopolitiko, ezingenakutsholwa ngeRashiya. Enyanisweni, i-bourgeoisi ayikwazanga ukuphazamisa izigqibo zezopolitiko nangayiphi na indlela, okuqinisekileyo, engayifumani i-industrialization yeRashiya.

Ukuqulunqwa kweQela le-Octobrist

Phakathi kwezikhulu zaseRussia, njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, kwakungekho ubunye, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe phakathi kwabo kuqala ukukhutshwa, okuye kwagqithisa kwaye kwaphela ngokubakho ngenxa yeziganeko zenguqu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lokugqibela. Ngo-Oktobha 17, 1905, umbusi uchaza i-manifesto ekutshintsheni iziseko zezopolitiko zaseMbusweni waseRashiya. Ngoko kwakukho iqela lama-Octobrists. Ngokwenene kwakuqukwa ngamashishini amakhulu, abarhwebi, abanini-mhlaba, baxhasa ngokukhawuleza i-manifestar tsarist kwaye bakholelwa ukuba iinguqulelo zifezekise iinjongo zayo. Iqela le-Octobrist lahlelwa kwicala likarhulumente kwaye ayisekho inkxaso kwiimpawu zesiguqulelo. Inkokheli yePolber Party, i-AI Guchkov, ivela kwintsapho yamazwe, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 yaqalisa ukwenza imisebenzi yemali kwaye kungekudala impumelelo yakhe yamvumela ukuba athathe isikhundla sokuba ngumongameli webhodi yebhanki yorhwebo yeMoscow. Isikhundla sakhe kwimeko yokulungisa imeko ye-politiki yaseRashiya yayingqinelana kakhulu kwaye ibiliswe kwishintsho kwizinto zentlalo.

Inkqubo yeqela leManyano ngo-Oktobha 17

Iqela le-Octobrist libeke phambili inkqubo yalo yokulungiswa kwakhona kweRashiya. Amalungiselelo ayo ayenziwe:

• Ukulondoloza ubunye kunye nokungabonakali kweRashiya ngendlela yombuso womgaqo-siseko.
• Ukulingana okulinganayo.
• Iziqinisekiso zokugcinwa kwamalungelo oluntu.
• Ukudala kwenkxaso-mali yomhlaba yokuncedisa kwiifama ezincinane.
• Inkundla ezizimeleyo nefanelekileyo.
• Ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zemfundo kazwelonke, inkqubo yezothutho.

I-bourgeoisie ephakathi yaseRussia kunye neqela leNgqungquthela alizange lihambelane nonke, oku kubonakaliswa kukubonakala kweqela lezoshishino kunye nezoshishino, oko ngokwalo liye lagxininisa ubuninzi be-strata ephakathi. Kule minyaka, umzabalazo olungalunganga kunye nabachasi, kwaye kamva ukugqithisa kwiimbono zabo kubalawuli bamakhosi abazange bamvumele ukuba athathe naziphi na izikhundla ezibalulekileyo. Iqela lezopolitiko (i-Octobrists) liyanyamalala kwibala lezopolitiko ngo-1917.