Ukuthotyelwa kwe-Asia Ephakathi ukuya eRashiya. Imbali yokufikeleleka kwe-Asia ephakathi

Kwiminyaka emakhulu edlulileyo edlulileyo kwaye kude kube yintshukumo, ubukhosi baseRashiya bwandisa imida yayo. Ezinye iindawo zahlanganiswa ngenxa yemisebenzi yemikhosi (ininzi yazo yayishukunyiswa ngutshaba), abanye - ngoxolo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuhlonyelwa kwe-Asiya ephakathi kweRashiya kwenzeka kancane kancane kwaye kungenagazi. Ininzi yezizwana ezazihlala kumazwe ngokwawo zibethelela kubuso ukuba zamkele. Isizathu esona sikhuselo.

Ngelo xesha kwintsimi ye-Asia Ephakathi kwahlala ezininzi izizwe ezinobundlobongela. Ukuze uzikhusele ekuhlaselweni kweentshaba ezinamandla, kufuneka ufune inkxaso yombuso onamandla. Ngaloo ndlela, imimandla yaya kufaka ilizwe lethu. Ama-Asia aseMntla ajoyina njani iRashiya? Umfundi uya kuba nako ukufunda ngezixhobo zalo kunye neengxelo zembali ezivela kweli nqaku.

Ukubaluleka kwembali

Isiganeko esibalulekileyo esibalulekileyo njengoko ukufika kwe-Kazakhstan kunye ne-Asia ephakathi kwe-Russia kuya kuhlolwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ekugqibeleni oko kwakukho ukulandelwa okulandelwa kukusekwa kolawulo lwama-colonial. Nangona kunjalo, abantu base-Central Asia kunye neentlanga, ngeendlela ezininzi emva kokuthelekisana nabaseYurophu, babe nethuba lokuphuhlisa uluntu kunye nezoqoqosho, kunye nokuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Ubukhoboka, iziseko zobukhosi, ubuhlwempu obubanzi kunye nokungahambelani kwezi zizwe zidlulileyo.

Yiyiphi i-accession eyinike i-Asia Ephakathi

Uphuhliso loqoqosho kunye nenkcubeko yeCentral Asia inxalenye yolawulo lwaseRashiya lwafakwa entliziyweni yorhulumente waseRashiya. Kwakhiwa imboni eyabonakala ingacatshulwa kulo mmandla wezolimo ohluphekileyo. Izolimo nazo zaguqulwa kwaye zenza ngcono. Ingakhankanywa ukuphuhliswa kweziseko zentlalo ngendlela yezikolo, izibhedlele, amathala eencwadi. Kwaye izithethe zasekuhlaleni zabemi bezityalo zazingatshatyalaliswa okanye zivinjelwe, eziye zaphazamisa ukuqhubela phambili kwenkcubeko ekhethekileyo yesizwe kunye nokuhlanganiswa koluntu. Kancinci, i-Asia Ephakathi yafika kwindawo yokuhweba yaseRashiya kwaye ayizange ibe yi-satellites kwaye ayiyiyo indawo engasodwa kwimephu, kodwa inxalenye epheleleyo yolawulo lwaseRussia.

Ukuqala kokuphuhliswa kwemimandla emitsha

Iyintoni imbali yokujoyina i-Asia yoMbindi ukuya eRashiya? Ukuba ukhangele iimephu zamandulo, ungabona umhlaba okhoyo kwicala lasezantsi-mpuma ukusuka kwimida yommandla waseRashiya waseRashiya. Lona yi-Asia ephakathi. Isuka ezintabeni zeTibet ukuya eLwandle lweCaspian, ukusuka kwimida ye-Iran ne-Afghanistan ukuya kwi-Urals yase-Southern naseSiberia. Kukho abantu ababalelwa kwizigidi ezi-5, eziphantsi kweemilinganiselo zanamhlanje zingaphantsi kobuninzi beliphi na iinqununu ezinkulu zehlabathi.

Ukusuka kwimbono yophuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunye nentlalo, abantu base-Central Asia babehluke kakhulu. Ulwahlulo oluphambili lwalukho kwiindlela zokulima. Abanye babeka phambili kwimfuyo yokuzala, abanye bezolimo, kunye nabanye ukuthengisa kunye nezobugcisa ezahlukeneyo. Kwakungekho mboni nonke. Ukhokho, ubukhoboka kunye nokucinezelwa kwabo baxhasayo ngamakhoboka e-feudal kwakuyizinsika ze-ethnics zase-Central Asia.

Inxalenye yejografi

Ngaphambi kokuba i-Central Asia impahla yeRashiya yaseRashiya ibe yinto enjalo, yahlula kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo: i- Bukhara emirate, iKokand neKhiva khanates. Kwakukho apho ukuhweba kwakuphumelela, okwakwenza iBukhara neSamarkand amaziko okuthengwa kuwo wonke ummandla. Ngoku i-Asiya ephakathi limelelwa ngamazwe angamahlanu . Ezi ziTajikistan, iTurkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan naseKazakhstan.

Imizamo yokuseka ubudlelwane bezoqoqosho lwangaphandle kunye neendawo ezikude ukusuka eRashiya zenziwa kwisiqingatha sokuqala seXIXX. Kodwa ezi zenzo zazingenanto ebalulekileyo. Yonke into yatshintsha xa iBrithani iceba ukuhlasela kwe-Asiya ephakathi. Iminqweno yamagunya amabini amakhulu adlulileyo kunye neRashiya yaseRussia ayinakukhetha kodwa ukukhusela iBrithani ukuba ingene kwimida yawo.

Iindwendwe zokuqala

Ama-Asia aseMntla ajoyina njani iRashiya? Ukufunda le ntsimi, ngokuqinisekileyo, bekude kuqhutywe ngamacandelo omkhosi. Izihlandlo ezintathu zokuqala zaseRussia ukuya kwi-Asia ephakathi zilandelelanise iinjongo zoxolo. I-mission yezobuNyululwazi yayikhokelwa ngu-N. V. Khanykov, idiplomatic - uN. P. Ignatiev, kunye noC. V. Valikhanov waba yintloko yentengiso.

Konke oku kwenziwa ngenjongo yokuseka oomnxibelelwano belizwe langaphandle kunye nommandla wezomda ngokuthula. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1863 kwakufuneka kwenziwe ukungenelela kwempi ngenxa yesiganeko kwiKokand Khanate. Ngaloo nto idwengulwe yimfazwe exhalabileyo kunye neenkwenkwezi, iimfazwe phakathi kweentlanga zazikhula ziqina. Umphumo waba ngumyalelo kwi-army ye-Russian.

Umsebenzi wokuqala wemikhosi waseRussia kwintsimi yaseAsia Ephakathi kwakuyi-Tashkent. Ahlulekile. Kodwa kwiminyaka emibini nje kuphela, iimfazwe zangaphakathi zancipha intshaba, kwaye kamva isixeko sanikezelwa ngaphandle kokulwa, nangona abanye ababhali beembali bathi iindawo ezincinci ezikhuselekileyo zisekhona, kwaye enye yazo ibulawa nguSultan Seyit. Ngomnyaka kamva, uTashkent wajoyina iRashiya, iRurkestan Governor General yaqulunqwa.

Qhubekisa

Ama-Asia aseMntla ajoyina njani iRashiya? Ukususela ngo-1867 ukuya ku-1868, imisebenzi yomkhosi yaqhubeka eBukharia. U-Emir wasekhaya, ngokubambisana nabaseBrithani, wachaza imfazwe eRashiya. Kodwa umkhosi waseRussia emva kweembambano zokunqoba unyanzelekile utshaba ukuba asayine isivumelwano soxolo. Ngaphambi kokuvela kweRiphabhulikhi yaseBukhara Soviet, iBukharia yayisisigxina saseRashiya.

I-Khiva Khanate yayikho phantse ngokufanayo, kude kube ngowe-1920, xa yayingekho amasosha empi, kwaye amadoda ase-Red Army aphanga i-khan. Ngowe-1876, uKokand Khanate waba yingxenye yeRashiya. Ngomnyaka we-1885, inkqubo yokujoyina iindawo zase-Central Asia yayiphelile. Ngeziganeko ezichazwe ngasentla, kwafika kwimfazwe neBrithani, engazange iqale kuphela ngenxa yemigudu yezidibanisa.

Ukwamkelwa kweKazakhstan

I-Asia yaseMntla yayifaka nini iRashiya? I-Kazakhstan ibe ngowokuqala ukujongana neRashiya. Ukugqitywa kweli lizwe kwaqala kwi-20 yeXVIII kwinkulungwane, ngaphambi kokuba iindwendwe zokuqala zifike kwi-Asia ephakathi. Urhulumente wahlushwa yimpikiswano kunye nezizwe ezakhelene nabo, njengeziDzungars. Oku kwenza abanye baseKazakh bacele iRashiya ukuba bancede. Ngo-1731, uMpress Anna Ioannovna wamkela ngokusemthethweni lesi sicelo sikaAbulkhair Khan.

Ndimele ndithi iKhan inezizathu zakhe zokubhenela isithsaba saseRashiya, kuba kungeyena wonke umntu owayefuna ukuba abe yinhloko yentsimi phantsi kolawulo lwakhe. Ngexesha elifanayo, ingozi yokungena kwangaphandle kwamanqatha yaqhubeka.

Kancinci, abanye abantu baseKazakhstan bamkela ubumi baseRussia. Ngowe-1740, enye inxalenye yelizwe yajoyina uMbuso waseRashiya. Imimandla ephakathi nenyakatho-mpuma yaseKazakhstan yahlanganiswa ngokusasazeka kwezempi, ngokukhawuleza kunye nomdla kwezinye iindawo ze-Central Asia.

Ukufikeleleka kwe-Asiya ephakathi kweRashiya kwaphela iminyaka emininzi iminyaka. Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, ezinye iindawo zenzelwe ukuzithobela, ezinye zanqotshwa. Kunokwenzeka ukugxininisa apha loo mzuzwana, ukuba, ngokungafani neGreat Britain efanayo, i-Russia inqwenela ukukunceda ekuphuhlisweni kwemimandla ehluthwayo kwaye yonke indawo yakhiwa izinto ezahlukeneyo zoshishino nezokuphatha. Ngaloo ndlela, ukufikeleleka kwe-Asia Ephakathi ukuya eRashiya kwanenxaxheba ekuphuhlisweni kwalo mmandla.