Umpolitiki waseMerika uDonald Rumsfeld: i-biography

Umzalwane waseChicago, uDonald Rumsfeld (owazalwa ngoJulayi 9, 1932) wakhulela kwintsapho ephakathi, oku kuthetha umxube wezemidlalo zonke zaseMelika kunye nobuqili bezemfundo ezanele ukufumana i-Princeton.

UDonald Rumsfeld: umxholo wezopolitiko

Emva kokugqitywa kwiPrinceton, isiqinisekiso sasiya ku-Navy iminyaka engama-3, apho yayibizwa ngokuba ngumqhubi wamandla kunye ne-wrestler, kwaze kwaba yilapho ukulimala kwegxalaba kuphelisa ithemba lakhe le-Olimpiki. Emva kokuhlukana nomsebenzi obalaseleyo wezemidlalo, u-Donald wabuyela kumsebenzi olandelayo othembisayo - ezopolitiki.

Ngo-1954 watshata noJoyce Pearson. Esi sibini sasinezingane ezintathu: uValerie (1967), uMarcy (1960), noNicholas (1967).

Ngomnyaka we-1962, uDonald Rumsfeld (ochazwe ngezantsi) waphumelela ngokukhethiweyo okungekho ithemba kwiNdlu yabameli, apho wazibonakalisa njengeRephablikhi ye-liberal exhasa amalungelo oluntu. Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kweGoldwater ngo-1964, wanceda i-bloc yamaRiphablikhi aqhelekileyo ukukhokela uGerald Ford zibe yienkokeli ezincinci. Wajoyina ulawulo lukaNixon ngo-1969, apho wayephethe khona izithuba, kubandakanywa nomcebisi wezezimali kunye ne-ambassador kwi-NATO. Nangona iRumsfeld ibonakale kwiirekhodi ezininzi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyusa umongameli, akazange afakwe uxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ulawulo lweFowuni

Emva kokusula i-Nixon, uRumsfeld wasebenza kuqala njengentloko yokulawulwa kwe-Ford (ngo-1974-1975), kwaye ngoko njengonqongqoshe wezokhuselo (1975-1977). I-bombom yeqhinga elithi "B-1", i-missile ye-Trident ibhola kunye ne-missile ye-ballistic "interactive". Ngowe-1977 wanikezelwa nguMongameli woMongameli weNkululeko.

Umpolitiki waseRiphabliki uDonald Rumsfeld kungenzeka ukuba ulinge ngakumbi, umzekelo, uBarry Goldwater, kodwa kwiminyaka yakhe iprofayile yezopolitiko iye yajika ngakwesokudla. Kwakungenxa yeemeko okanye utshintsho lwangempela kwimbono, awaziwa. Okubonisa ukuba, ngokulandelelana, uHenry Kissinger uchaza iRumsfeld njengendoda enentloni ewake wahlangana nayo. Wayexubusha kunye noMao Zedong noAugusto Pinochet, ngaphandle koBusinger ngokwakhe.

Amayeza kunye neZixhobo

Xa uFeor's president of excellence waphela, wagqiba ekubeni abuyele kwicandelo labucala, egxile kwiimveliso zonyango eziphezulu (GD Searle & Co., i-Sciences eGiliyadi) kunye nommandla ophezulu (General Instrument Corp). Nangona ukuba ngaphambi kokuba angabi namava kwishishini, uRumsfeld kwi-resume yakhe yathintela kwimpembelelo yakhe yezopolitiko kunye nenkonzo efanayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ukususela ngo-1982 ukuya ku-2000, wenza intetho ekhethekileyo karhulumente.

Mhlawumbi into ekhunjulwayo yawa phantsi kokulawula kolawulo lukaReagan, xa uDonald Rumsfeld emiselwe ummeli okhethekileyo womongameli eMiddle East. Ngokutsho kweWashington Post, wayengumxhasi ophezulu we-Iraq kunye nomlawuli wakhe ongumduduzi uSaddam Hussein.

AmaBaghdad amava

Njengomqondiso wokuxoxisana ngo-1982, iUnited States yasusa i-Irak kwiluhlu lwabantu abaxhasa uxolo, olwenzela iRumsfeld ithuba lokutyelela iBaghdad ngo-1983, xa imfazwe e-Iran-Iraq yayineminyaka eli-10.

Ngelo xesha, iingxelo zengqondo zibonisa ukuba i-Baghdad phantse yonke imihla isebenzisa izixhobo zamakhemikhali ezingekho mthethweni kwi-Iran. Ngethuba lokutyelela iIraq, iRumsfeld yaxelela amagosa karhulumente ukuba iUnited States yayibheka ukunqoba kuka-Iranian njengoluhlu oluphambili lokulwa. Kwintlanganiso yakhe kunye noSaddam Hussein ngoDisemba 1983, watsho "iBaghdad butcher" ukuba i-US ingathanda ukubuyisela ubudlelwane bezobudlelwane kunye ne-Iraq ngokupheleleyo.

Ngo-2002, uRumsfeld uzame ukulungiswa, esithi uxwayise uHussein ukuba angazisebenzisi izixhobo ezingekho mthethweni, kodwa le nkcazo ayixhaswanga yi-Stenogram yeSebe likaRhulumente.

Ukungaphumeleli ngeDole

Eyanelisiwe nenkonzo yabantu bakhe, uDonald Rumsfeld waphinde waya emsebenzini kwicandelo labucala. Emva koko wathatha inxaxheba kumncintiswano wokongameli ngowe-1988, kodwa waphuma emncintiswaneni ngoBob Dole. Umnquba waseBush-uphawule u-Donald, wamkhwelisa ekutyunjweni kwamandla.

Ngowe-1996, u-Donald Rumsfeld wezopolitiko waphinde wabeka iDole, kwaye kwakhona waba phakathi kwabalahlekileyo.

Ngo-1997, waba ngumnye wabasunguli be-"iNew American American Century Project", iqela lepolitiki langaphandle le-neoconservative. Ababambisene nabo babeyi-vice-president kamva we-USA uDick Cheney, owayengumongameli-ngumbongameli uDan Quayle kunye nolawulo lweFlorida u-Jeb Bush, umzalwana kaGeorge Bush omncinane.

UDonald Rumsfeld: Uphuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo

UBill Clinton wayenomdla kakhulu kunqoba uBush. Ngo-1999, walela iRumsfeld ukukhokela ikhomishini ukuvavanya ukukwazi ukudala inkqubo yokukhusela i-missile system.

UGeorge Bush, engumongameli ngo-2000, wamyala ukuba akhokele umkhosi ngokuhambelana neemfuno zekhulu lama-XXI. Ngaphandle kokulwa okusebenzayo, uRumsfeld wayaziwa ngokuba ngumguquli xa eqala ukuphonononga iingcamango ezisisiseko ezazikhokelela ukusetyenziswa kwemali-mali, umzekelo, ukubonelelwa ukuba umkhosi kufuneka ulungele ukulwa nemfazwe emibini ngexesha elinye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi.

9/11

Kodwa ngoSeptemba 11, 2001, ngokukhawuleza ihlabathi lalibonakala liyingozi ngakumbi kunaphambili. Emva kokuba izigubhu zithumele iinqwelo ezimbini ezibiweyo kwiinqaba ze-World Trade Centre, uDonald Rumsfeld wayehlala kwikomkhulu elondolozwe kufuphi nePentagon, apho i-aircraft yesithathu yawela khona. Wayeka isicwangciso sokuphuma, nangona umoya ugcwele umsi. Umphathiswa wuleza waya kwindawo yokuqhuma, nangona izichaso zamagosa ezokhuseleko, kwaye wancedisa ukuba aphume emzimbeni.

NgoSeptemba 11 kunye nokuhlasela okulandelayo kwe-Afghanistan kwenza uRumsfeld inkwenkwezi. Imiba yakhe yemihla ngemihla yayithandwa njengeShow Show Show, kwaye iphindwe kabili. Ukubonisa ibhalansi ebonakalayo ebomvu phakathi kwamagama aqingqiweyo kunye neengcaca eziqilileyo, iRumsfeld yacacisa ukuba ngomhla owenzela ngayo ihlombe lakhe, ukuxabana kwezemfundo kwalahleka i-starstar yokuqala.

Nangona udibaniso oluqhelekileyo lobunzima kunye nobunqunu, wabamba imfazwe emfutshane kwimbali ukuba axoshe amaTaliban ase-Afghanistan.

Rumsfeld

Umpolitiki waseMerika uDonald Rumsfeld waba nendima enkulu ekudaleni isicwangciso sokuqhuba imfazwe yase-Afghan, eshiye ukuphuhliswa kwamaqhinga empi kubalawuli. Ubuqhawe bakhe ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwePentagon kubangela ukuba uvelwano phakathi kwabantu abaphantsi. Nangona ngexesha lokuziphatha kwemfazwe kunye nokucwangcisa okulandelayo, uqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo ukuphumeza ulungiso olusungulwe ngaphambi kweSeptemba 11 ukudala imikhosi exhobileyo ye-millennium entsha.

Kungekudala emva kokuhlaselwa koogqirha, ukuvalelwa komphakathi malunga nokusebenza kukaRumsfeld kwemisebenzi yakhe kudlula i-80%, ngokungqinelana ngokuvisisana nomsebenzi wongameli-ntloko. Ithemba lakhe ngekamva lixhomeke kakhulu kwimfazwe ezayo ne-Iraq. Ekubeni kunye noDick Cheney, wayengomnye wabancedisi abanomdla wokutshatyalaliswa komntu owayengumhlobo wakhe, uSaddam Hussein.

Njengemfazwe yase-Afghan , imeko yase-Iraq ilandele "i-stratagem yaseRumsfeld" - ukuhlasela kwangaphambili kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokusasazwa kwayo ngokusemthethweni kumajelo eendaba, ukwenza ukuba kubonakale kungcono kunokuba nabani na onokucinga. E-Afghanistan, iRumsfeld yazisa imikhosi yomoya kunye nemikhosi emkhosini ngaphambi kokuba iUnited States iqaphele imfazwe. Ngenxa yoko, imfazwe yeenyanga ezintandathu ibonakala ngathi kuthatha iinyanga ezimbini kuphela.

NgoFebruwari 2003, i-US ekhethekileyo imikhosi sele ikhona e-Iraq, kwaye ukuhlaselwa kwama-Allied forces kwaphindwe kathathu, kuthelekiswa nemisebenzi yeminyaka edlulileyo. Ngelo xesha iifoto zembali "zesiteleka sokuqala" zavela, iUnited States yayisele ilawula isigxina selizwe.

Emva kokulahlekelwa yiRiphabhulikhi ngoonyulo luka-2006, eyayiyiphutha lemfazwe eqhubekayo e-Iraq, uRumsfeld wamemezela ukuyeka kwakhe. NgoDisemba, waphumelela nguRobert Gates.

Ubomi emva komhlalaphantsi

Ngo-2007, iRumsfeld yasungula i-fund yegama lakhe ukuxhasa imibutho kawonkewonke yase-US kunye nokuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho ngaphandle.

Wadlulisela phambili ukunyathelisa iimemori zakhe ngokuthanda iinqwelo. Incwadi ethi "Yaziwa kwaye ayiyazi: Izimemo" zapapashwa ngo-2011.

Ngo-2013 incwadi ethi "Imithetho yeRumsfeld: Izifundo zoBungqina kwizoshishino, ezoPolitiko, iMfazwe kunye noBomi" zapapashwa. Wabonakala ngokubulela kwiirekhodi, ezenziwa ngumlobi kwiimakhishithi ezincinane zephepha kwaye zigcinwe kwibhokisi phantsi kweengubo. Enye yee-aphorisms ithi: "Kuphela kunzima ukuyicombulula ezo zibudenge, ezidalwe ngabantu abanezilumko."