Inethiwekhi bokwakha. Ubume inethweki ugqithiso lwedata kunye nezixhobo

Namhlanje, ingqiqo udibaniso womsebenzisi womnatha ayimangalisi. Noko ke, uninzi lwethu kwi ukukhankanywa kubo babecinga kakhulu malunga nokuba yintoni na eyenza uqhagamshelwano ezifana womnatha kunye nenkonzo umsebenzi. Makhe siqwalasele lo mba izishwankathelo, ngenxa networks and amandla abo ehlabathini mihla unga bhala yonke i ngodaba.

bokwakha Network: iintlobo eziphambili

Ngoko ke, njengokuba ukutyhilwa engundoqo kwekota, uthungelwano lwekhompyutha na inani elithile ezinjengeetheminali (iikhompyutha, laptops, izixhobo mobile) elidityaniswe omnye komnye, leyo, enyanisweni, ibe womnatha.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili obuchopho: igxunyekwe nokuba wireless usebenzisa uqhagamshelwano nge zendlela ezifana Wi-Fi-umzila. Kodwa ke kuphela isesisiqalo. Enyanisweni, nakubugcisa womnatha kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa components eziliqela, yaye ngoko kufuneka kucalulo eyahlukileyo. Kukholelwa ukuba ngalo mzuzu kukho iintlobo ezintathu zothungelwano:

• peer networks;
• ukunxibelelana iiseva ezingcwele;
• nothungelwano hybrid ezibandakanya zonke iintlobo nodes.

Ukongeza, uhlobo eyodwa iya kusasazwa ngqo, jikelele, wengingqi, umasipala, uthungelwano abucala, kunye nezinye iintlobo. Makhe zihlale phezu nezimaphambili ezingundoqo.

Inkcazelo yeendidi kothungelwano

Masiqalise kunye womnatha ngokusekelwe intsebenziswano, "umkhosi kwinethiwekhi client." Njengoko kucacile, kukho indawo lubalaseleyo ogubungele terminal engundoqo, owenza ulawulo network kwanangamacandelo alo onke. Client ezinjengeetheminali Ungathumela kuphela izicelo unxibelelwano kwixesha elizayo - ukufumana ulwazi. I-terminal ephambili womnatha akakwazi ukudlala indima kumatshini client.

networks Peer, wayedla ngokuba besinga, yahlukile uhlobo yokuqala ukuba oovimba ababiwa phakathi zonke iiclamps ezidityanisiweyo. Umzekelo elula nga kuthathelwa ingqalelo inkqubo wokulanda iifayile usebenzisa ntyala zemvula. Umfanekiso lokugqibela ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye zilayishwe njengoko lube ezinjengeetheminali ezahlukeneyo. inkqubo Umsebenzisi, oko lilayishiwe kwi computer yakho, besebenzisa zonke izibonelelo ezikhoyo okwangoku kumsebenzi womnatha ukukhuphela yinxalenye yale fayile. Okukhona, kungona izinga isitofu. Xa wayethetha lo womnatha akuyonto ibalulekileyo. Imeko ephambili kukuba lo matshini client sele ifakiwe i-software efanelekileyo. Kuthande ukuba benze izicelo zomxhasi.

Le sesakhiwo i "uhanjiselo-server 'yinto elula. Uxhulumaniso phakathi iiterminal computer (Akukhathaliseki indlela oveliswa) ukuqonda lula angamelwa njenge lounge ilayibrari, nto leyo eye evenkileni okanye ezincwadi (iseva engundoqo) kunye neetafile apho iindwendwe khangela umbandela kuthatyathwa ezishelfini.

Kucacile ukuba kukho ubudlelwane obucacileyo: umtyeleli uza ithala irekhodwa okanye sele libhalisiwe data zobuqu (uchazo womnatha ngenxa ye IP-iidilesi eyabelwe), afune ukuba kuyimfuneko zoncwadi (umbuzo network) ekugqibeleni kuthatha incwadi aze afunde oko.

Ngokwendalo, okukuthelekisa yeyona nobu-, kuba uthungelwano namhlanje inzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Noko ke, ukuqonda lula ukuba isakhiwo lo mzekelo ilungelana ngokupheleleyo.

Imibuzo iiterminal identification

Ngoku amagama ambalwa malunga ukuvelisa indlela uthungelwano ukuqatshelwa computer naluphi na uhlobo. Ukuba umntu akazi na terminal xa uqhagamshela sabelwe Type IP-idilesi amabini, nokuba, ngendlela elula, into ebonakalisayo eyahlukileyo: bangaphakathi kunye nabangaphandle. idilesi yangaphakathi, akuwedwa. Kodwa IP lwangaphandle - ewe. Kwihlabathi akukho oomatshini amabini kunye IP efanayo. Le nto yenza ukuba ukuchonga nayiphi igajethi, nokuba isiphelo sendlela ikhompyutha okanye isixhobo best.

Ngokuba yonke le nto elivumelana protocol efanelekileyo. Okwangoku, eqhelekileyo kakhulu kwaye kakhulu esi IPv4. Noko ke, njengokuba kusenziwa imiboniso, yena sele waphila ngokwaso, njengoko waba awukwazi ukunika idilesi ekhethekileyo ngokunxulumene kunye nokwanda kwenani izixhobo client. Khawukhangele nje izixhobo ezihambayo, ngokuba kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo iye izinto ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu ukuba phantse wonke umntu wesibini ehlabathini unayo yayo kwifowni efanayo mobile.

I IPv6 protocol

Ngoko ke, ethabathela sesakhiwo uthungelwano, ingakumbi i-Internet, iye yaqala ukutshintsha. Kwaye ukubuyisela uguqulelo yesine weza yesithandathu (IPv6). Nangona kusekho uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu izicelo ezifunyenweyo, Noko ke, kuthiwa, ikamva ayikho kude, yaye kungekudala phantse bonke ababoneleli-nkonzo, ababoneleli ngenkonzo yonxibelelwano, iza kuhamba kule protocol (ngaphandle une kwiseva esebenzayo DHCP kwefom yesithandathu).

Lithethe ityala ngokuba wena, ngokuba le protkola enika incwadi yedilesi bit-128 ikuvumela iidilesi okuninzi ngaphezu usebenzisa uguqulelo yesine.

iiseva abazinikeleyo

Ngoku cinga iseva elizinikeleyo. Isikhundla uthetha ngokuba ngokwayo; zenzelwe ukuba imisebenzi ethile. Lwaba ethetha, oku uhlobo wokwenene server virtual intanethi, ephethwe ngokupheleleyo ngumsebenzisi, ngubani othatha likhuphe. Oku intsingiselo ukubamba web, xa umnini-resource ezingundoqo noa banokubekwa kwindawo ezinikeleyo kunye naluphi na ulwazi.

Ukongeza, kuba ukhuseleko umqashi ayinaxanduva, ezizezi lowo nakwimizi isithuba iseva ye rent. Imizekelo iiseva kunokubangela kakhulu lukhulu. Ke wena imeyile, nemidlalo, yokwabelana ngeefayile, kunye namaphepha zobuqu (mazingabhidaniswa kunye akhawunti zabo social networks yaye iinkonzo olu hlobo), kunye nangaphezulu.

zoThungelwano lweNgingqi

Local indawo network, okanye njengoko kudla ibizwa ngokuba, "lokalku", walungiselela ukuba yokudibanisa kwenye inani eliqingqiweyo ezinjengeetheminali. LAN Architecture ngokwemiqathango connectivity, njengokuba sele kakuhle, kwaye inokuba unxibelelwaniso ngeengcingo, kunye VPN uhlobo ukufikelela. Kule yaye kwelinye icala, nto ifuna uqhagamshelwano umlawuli master umncedisi. Services Network kulo mzekelo, unako ukusebenza kwimo ezimbini: lokuzazisa oluzenzekelayo (idilesi isabelo umatshini ngamnye) okanye igalelo manual.

Local networks ndawo, umgaqo, babe isici esasenza enala kuphela ukuba naziphi terminal ukuba babhalise (nto leyo efunekayo, umzekelo, ezikoo ukuba peer networks) , kwaye iseva central (plus admin). Ngaphezu koko, ukufikelela kwi "rassharennye" kwaziswa kungaba nokuba ngokupheleleyo okanye umda. konke kuxhomekeke kwizicwangciso. Kodwa, ukuba ukhangela nokuba iinkonzo ilifu ekuthiwa, bona, enyanisweni, kakhulu, kuyinto inethiwekhi virtual, apho abasebenzisi afuneka kwaye ufumane ilungelo lokufikelela kulwazi, umxokozelo okanye hlela iifayile ezithile, njalo-njalo. D. At efanayo maxa wambi nkqu inikeza utshintsho ngaxeshanye imixholo yefayile kaThixo ngexesha lenene.

Le sesakhiwo kwi Internet: nentwana imbali

Ekugqibeleni, siye kwinethiwekhi, ethi namhla yeyona inkulu ehlabathini. Kakade ke, ukuba i-Internet okanye World Wide Web. World Wide Web kucingelwa ukuba kwase le ARPANET - unxibelelwano yaqulunqelwa iinjongo zomkhosi eUnited States ngowama-1969. Emva koko, ke, loo nto iye ihlolwe uxhulumaniso kuphela phakathi kwiindawo ezimbini, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha ukudibanisa kwinethiwekhi usebenzisa intambo kwafunyanwa nkqu iterminal e-UK.

Kuphela kakhulu kamva, xa kukho yesazisi ngokusekelwe TCP / IP protocol kunye nenkqubo isabelo amagama domain, yaye kwakukho yintoni namhlanje esiyibiza kwi Internet.

Ngokubanzi, kukholelwa ukuba kwi Internet akukho iseva enye engundoqo apho lonke ulwazi ukuze igcinwe. Ewe, namhlanje, yaye disk drives obo buchule ayikho. Yonke ingcaciso isasazwa phakathi amakhulu amawaka iiseva ngamnye kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amazwi, i-Internet inokuba ngokulinganayo kufuneka kwaziwe ukuba ivele peer, kunye womnatha gqith. Kuko konke oku kumatshini enye, ungenza owakho umncedisi wakho web, apho kuya kulawula kuphela useto womnatha okanye ukugcina ulwazi oyifunayo, kodwa ukwenza oku ifumaneke kwabanye abasebenzisi. Ukusasazwa Wi-Fi - kunokuba akukho umzekelo olula?

Basic iparameters kunye nezicwangciso

Njengoko ngokuba parameters kunye nezicwangciso, yonke into elula. Njengomgaqo, yokungena manual kwenethiwekhi IP, DNS okanye onegunya iiseva ixesha elide lisusiwe. Endaweni yoko, nayiphi na ISP ibonelela ikhompyutha ingqalelo oluzenzekelayo okanye isixhobo esiphathwayo kwi network.

Kwiinkqubo ukufikelela ezi zicwangciso yenziwe nge Iimpahla womnatha kunye yokukhetha IPv4 parameters (okanye, ukuba iyasebenza, IPv6) Windows-based. Njengomgaqo, kanye useto iquka iidilesi ukwamkelwa oluzenzekelayo, leyo ishenxisa ungeno data manual. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko, ingakumbi xa kwakumiselwa RDP-client (ufikelelo olusisiseko) okanye ukunika ukufikelela kwiinkonzo ezithile, kufuneka ukungena data manual.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, ngabakuqondayo into okuyiyo sesakhiwo uthungelwano, ngokubanzi, kunzima kakhulu ayikho. Ngokusisiseko, apha ke ingqalelo kuphela iinkalo eziphambili lombutho yeenethwekhi ukucacisa ukuba nabani na, nkqu umsebenzisi ukba kulo mbuzo, ngoko ukuthetha iminwe. Enyanisweni, Kakade ke, kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ngakumbi, kuba asizange lwaveza ingqiqo abancedisi be DNS, onegunya lokusebenzela omnye, DHCP, uyaphumelela, njalo-njalo. E., Njengokuba kwakunye nemiba enxulumene software. Kuyabonakala ukuba olu lwazi mncinane ngokwaneleyo ukuqonda isakhiwo kunye nemigaqo esisiseko ye nokusebenza uthungelwano naluphi na uhlobo.