Inkcazo, ezibangela, iimpawu, ukuthintela kunye nokunyanga kwe-nephritis engapheliyo

Iingongobomnye kwezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo ye- excretory yomntu. Kwimeko apho umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wale sixhobo zokucoca uphazamiseka, uqulethe ubuthi-mzimba womzimba, ukuphuhliswa kwe-edema, ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi.

Isakhiwo seentso

Izintso emzimbeni zimbini, ngokubonakala kwazo zifana neembotyi kwaye zisekuhlaleni kwe-retroperitoneal kumacala omabini emlanjeni. Wonke umntu oye wafumana isifo esivuthayo se- excretory, kwaye ngubani owaziyo iimpawu ze-nephritis engapheliyo, emela apho ahlala khona. Ubungakanani bezintso bubuncinci, kwaye ubunzima abugqithisi i-g g. Igumbi linamacandelo amabini: ngaphandle (ii-cortical) kunye ne-internal (cerebral). Ngasecaleni lomthunzi, iintso zidibanisa nemithambo yegazi, kukho nendawo ekhethekileyo-i-pelal pelvis, apho i-ureter ihamba khona.

Isakhiwo saloo malungu siyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ifundiswa kwinqanaba elincinci. Eyaziwayo yiyona nto isisiseko kunye nesisebenzayo sezintso - i-nephron, esecaleni lobunqamlezo kwaye iqukethe i-glomeruli yamaplassi egazi ahlanganiswe kwiifomsile kunye ne-tubules. Ama-capillaries akhiwa ngenxa ye-branching ye-artery yeraltery, kwaye kufuneka ndithi, uxinzelelo kulo luphezulu kakhulu. Ukucinga: imizuzu engama-4 ukuya kuyo yonke igalelo emzimbeni womntu lilawula ukuba lidlule kwiintso, kwaye ubude beetayili zeentso zifikelela kuma-100 km.

Umsebenzi weezintso

Inombolo yeephrons ezintso ziyamangalisa: ziyizigidi enye nganye. Ngokusebenzisa i-glomeruli yale miyunithi yokwakha, malunga neelitha ezingama-200 zomlambo oyintloko zihlanjululwa ngosuku, olufana nokubunjwa kwiplasma yegazi, kuphela okungekho kwiprotheni kwaye iqukethe izinto ezininzi eziyimfuneko kumzimba. Kwiibhubhu ezikhohlisiweyo, kukho ukuchithwa okuphambeneyo kwigazi lezinto ezininzi, kunye nokuvalwa, oko kukuthi, ukukhululwa kwenani lezinto ezivela egazini ukuya kumchamo. Inani lokugqibela lomchamo sele li-1.7-2 ilitha. Ingena kwi-renal pelvis kunye ne-bladder. Umsebenzi wezintso uhlala uguquka ngokubhekiselele kwimimiselo yemo yangaphandle kunye yangaphakathi kwaye ilawulwa yinkqubo yesantya ephakathi.

Ukongezelela kumsebenzi ogqithiseleyo, iinjongo zise-endocrine kunye ne-metabolic, kunye nokugcina isalathisi samanzi esisigxina kunye ne-acid base-balance balance, ithatha inxaxheba echaphazelekayo egazini, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngosuku olujikizela ngokwawo onke igazi emzimbeni womntu kwaye likhupha izinto ezingadingekile.

Izifo Zengqondo

Ngenxa yesifo seengtso, kukho ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Ukunyanzeliswa komsebenzi wabo kubonakaliswe ngentlungu ehlala kwingingqi ye-lumbar, ukusuka kwelinye okanye kumacala amabini. I-Edema ebusweni kunye nemigangatho ibonisa ukuphulwa kwemisebenzi yalezi zitho. Ukukhathazeka nokunyuka kwamaxesha okuchama, ukutshintsha kwimibala yomchamo, ubukho begazi kulo - ezi zimpawu zibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba iintso ziyaphulwa. Izifo ezivuthayo zezi ziko zihlala zihamba kunye nokunyuka kwindlubhiso yomzimba kunye nezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo: ukhathala okwandayo, ukuguqulwa kwesikhumba, ukungondleki kunye nabanye.

I-Nephritis ayikho enye, kodwa iqela lezifo ezidibanisa nobukho benkqubo yokuvuvukala kwiifom zezintso. Ngohlobo lwangoku ukwahlula phakathi kwe-nephritis enobuhlungu kunye nengunaphakade. Ziye zahluke ngenxa yezizathu zokuvuvukala kunye neengxenye ezichaphazelekayo zezintso. Ukuvuvukala kunokusasazeka kwiintso zonke (ifomu ekwahlukileyo), kwaye inokuchaphazela kuphela uzuko lwayo (ifomu le-foci). Kwiifom ezibukhali, iimpawu zichazwa, ukushisa komzimba kunyuke kakhulu, kodwa i-nephritis engapheliyo isifo esingaba sisifo.

Iintlobo eziphambili ze-nephritis. Pyelonephritis

I-Pyelonephritis yisifo esiqhekezayo sovuthayo sezintso, kwaye kubangelwa usulelo lwebhaktheriya olungena ezintsheni, okanye ukuhamba kwegazi okanye amaphecana amanzi. Kule meko, isistim se-intlawulo yesilwanyana sithintekile. Ukubandezeleka kwe-nephritis engapheliyo yeentlobo zinokuthi abo bafumana isigaba esibi sesifo kwaye bazange bazise unyango. Abantu abanjalo kufuneka bahlawule ingqalelo kwiimeko zabo: ukwakha ngokufanelekileyo ukutya, ugweme i-hypothermia. Oomama abanomdla basengozini yokufumana i-pyelonephritis, njengoko umntwana okhulayo unamathela.

Glomerulonephritis

I-Glomerulonephritis ibizwa ngokuba yi-nephritis ye-glomerular. Isekelwe kwi-immune inflammation ye-glomerulus ye-nephron, ephakamileyo phantsi kwezenzo zamanqindi omzimba, kodwa isifo sinokuguqulwa emva kokusuleleka kwezifo zentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya. Isenzo sezinto ezinobuthi (utywala, iziyobisi, i-mercury) nakho kunokubangela i-glomerulonephritis.

Sekukhankanywe kakade ukuba yi-glomeruli eyenziwa njengezihlungi emzimbeni. Ukuba umsebenzi wabo ochanekileyo uphazamiseka, izinto ezifunekayo ngumzimba ziqala ukungena kumchamo, kwaye iimveliso zokubola ziyayeka ukukhutshwa kuyo. Umntu unobuthakathaka obuninzi, intlungu ephantsi, isisonguluko, ukuvuvukala, ukuphefumula okufutshane kunye nokukhathazeka kokungcungcutheka. Isici se-nephritis esingapheliyo lolu hlobo kukutshintshwa kwexesha lokuxolelwa kunye neziqendu zokugqithisa iimpawu. Isifo ngokungabikho kwonyango olwaneleyo kunokubangela ukungaphumeleli kwintsholongwane engapheliyo.

Nephritis

I-nephritis ye-interstiti isifo apho ukutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu eziphakathi kunye ne-nephron tubules kwenzeka. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ngokukodwa i-antibiotics kunye ne-diuretics, kunye nezidakamizwa ezichasayo, ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yezilwanyana ezikhuhlane ze-bacterial and viral infections. Ngaphandle kwezibangela zezi sifo zityhefu ngenxa yetshefu kunye nomonakalo kwimiphumo ye-radiation ionizing. Ekubeni i-nephritis ephakathi ibenomsebenzi ophazamisayo we-tubules, kwaye ukuvuvukala akusasazi kwi-pelal pelvin, le nzala ibizwa ngokuba yi-tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba uhlobo oluchaziweyo lwesifo luye lwaba lukhetho ukuba luqhubeke ngokucacileyo de ludlulele kwi-nebularititis engapheliyo. Ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yokugulisa isifo ekugqibeleni kubangela ukubonakala kweempawu zokuxhatshazwa komzimba. Kunzima ukufumanisa olu hlobo lwe-nephritis engapheliyo. Izigulane zikhalaza ngomlomo owomileyo, unxaniwe njalo, kodwa izifo zengxaki zokuvuthwa kweemvini, ezizibonakalisa ezinye izifo zengqondo, azikwazi ukubonwa kwinqanaba lokuqala, intlungu emqolo ongaphantsi unobuthakathaka, kodwa into eqhelekileyo yinto yokubonakala kwintlungu emzimbeni. Ukuba i-tubulainterstitial nephritis engunqatshelwe ukuxilongwa, ke uvavanyo lokuhlola, olufana ne-kidney biopsy, lunokuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba khona okanye ukungabikho kwesi sifo.

Unyango lwe-nephritis engapheliyo

I-nephritis engapheliyo yeentso isoloko isisiphumo se-nephritis engaphelele. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona ifomati engapheliyo ingahlakulela ngaphandle kwinqanaba elidlulileyo kwixesha elidlulileyo, kodwa ke, kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo. Kwiintsholongwane ezingasasigxina, utshintsho lwe-anatomical luvele kubo, kuze kube lula kumalungu.

Unyango lwe-nephritis engapheliyo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo. Kodwa kukho imigaqo emiselweyo jikelele. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqeda i-foci yezifo kumzimba ngoncedo lwamachiza. Kufuneka ugweme ukunyanzelisa umzimba, uxinzelelo, i-hypothermia. Ngethuba lokuxhatshazwa, ukuphumla okukhuselekileyo kubhedlele kuyadingeka. Vumela ukutyunjwa kwama-diuretics, unyango lwe-hormonal. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza kufuneka amiselwe kuphela ngugqirha. Ingxaki ngeentso zibi kakhulu ukuvumela ukuba ujoyine unyango.

Ukutya ekunyangeni kweesifo sesifo kuhloswe ukuba kungadluli igalelo eligulayo kwaye kuphuculwe i-excretion yezidakamizwa ezivela emzimbeni, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo ukutya kufuneka kube nobutyebi kwiithamini. Ukusetyenziswa kweetyuwa kubinqatshelwe okanye kupheliswe ngokupheleleyo. Kunconywa ukuba ubilise okanye ubhaka inyama kunye neentlanzi, kodwa ungafri. Ukusetyenziswa koogqirha bamanzi bacebisa ukunciphisa ilitha eli-1 ngosuku. Utywala, ushokoledi, ikhofi, i-spicy seasonings ayinqatshelwe.

Thintelo

Nge-nephritis engapheliyo, ukuthintela kuncitshiswa ukuze kugweme ukukhushulwa kwesi sifo ngeendlela zonke. Kwaye oku kuyanconywa ukuba ikhuselwe kwizifo, i-hypothermia kwaye ingabi mthwalo kwizinto ezisemzimbeni. Ukongezelela, nayiphina imithi, kuquka iziyobisi ezichasayo nezilwanyana ezinokutsha, kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokuqaphela, kuphela kwimiqondiso kwaye phantsi kweliso logqirha.