Bolotnikov kuvukela: izizathu ukwenzakala, kwakunye nesishwankathelo imbali yayo

Abantu Russian elide kade umsindo kunye nomonde. Noko ke, nanini, kodwa nayiphi nomonde kufika esiphelweni. Kwaye kukho ihlokondiba ngumsindo yenkitha, waququzelela ubuntu eyomeleleyo, njenge itsunami utshayelwe umendo wayo yonke into. Abo kwimbali eRussia neyabalimi iimfazwe, nto leyo eyakhokelela yi Emelyan Pugachev, Stepan Razin kunye Ivan Bolotnikov.

Bolotnikov qhankqalazo kwenzeka ukuba 1906 - iminyaka 1907, ukuqala ngo-ngasezantsi kaRhulumente eMoscow. Isizathu sokuba yokusebenza aba amarhe okuba endaweni 1 False nguDmitry wabulawa ngumntu eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. La marhe kakhulu ezizanyazanyiswayo indawo Shumsky, samenza imbonakalo sokubambela echasene nomthetho.

Kodwa enyanisweni, kuye kubekho wombhodamo Bolotnikov izizathu kakhulu njongo. Nje abantu babukongamela ukuba baphile ixesha elide njengoko kuyanyanzeleka ukuba uchaze "isilumkiso" elisebalini: oluphawulweyo ngaphaya onke amanyathelo ingcinezelo feudal, serfdom, amafama ngokwenza ntoni ngaphandle amalungelo, indlala nobuhlwempu benze umsebenzi wabo.

Yonke enye into engena wongezelela Borisom Godunovym "iminyaka esisigxina" kwaye, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, xenga kwezopolitiko kweli lizwe. Ngokufutshane, urhulumente liphuhlise imeko ye revolution, xa abalimi ngakumbi akaba saba ukubathwala, yaye "top" ayikho nako ukulawula ngeendlela ezintsha. Ngoko kuvukela Bolotnikov lwalunjani uhlobo antiboyarskuyu imfazwe.

Ukubiza ngokwabo warlord ekuthiwa abangakholwayo ke isikhulu, Bolotnikov kumantla Putivle abamngqongileyo naze, amafama ubugwenxa batyakatywa, evakalisa kubo imbonakalo kukuba Tsarevich nguDmitry. Wamnceda ukuvelana kwimvukelo lamagama Prince Shahovsky kunye irhuluneli Chernigov Telyatevsky. Kuyinto abo baye benza kube lula ukuba ahlanganise umkhosi omkhulu kakhulu mkhohlisi ababengaxolanga, ababemelene ubundlobongela kokusesikweni yesizwe. Bolotnikov qhankqalazo wagabadela umlinganiswa impi yabantu.

Shuya, ezama ukuba ahlale phezu kwetrone, wathumela ukudibana amajoni Bolotnikov Trubetzkoy kunye Vorotynsky intloko. Kodwa Troubetzkoy and Vorotynsky babethwa umkhosi umlimi, i Kromy yokuqala, kwaye eyesibini phantsi Yelets. NgoSeptemba Bolotnikov qhankqalazo weza ukulungela ukusebenza, apho isingqi njengoko imikhosi ephambili yomkhosi Shumsky.

Kolomna, lowo ke umendo bavukeli eMoscow ongqingiweyo. amafama Posad ikwazile ukuhlasela, kodwa wasilela kuthimba yesicelo ngoko nangoko. ke Bolotnikov wayalela ukuba ushiye kukho inxalenye encinane womkhosi wakhe, kunye nokwakheka esisiseko waya eMoscow.

Ngo-Oktobha bolotnikovtsy wawungqinga eMoscow. NgoNovemba, kubo umkhosi ajoyina Cossacks phantsi kobunkokheli Murom. Kodwa ngequbuliso bawelileyo imikhosi sotshaba of Lyapunov ngaphandle Ryazan. Oku kwaphawula ekuqaleni mvukeli izidwangube bundle kwelinye icala, kunye Cossacks - enye. Kwaye ngoDisemba bolotnikovtsy sele waqalisa ukubandezeleka uhluleke omnye emva komnye.

The People Umkhosi engagqibekanga safudukela ukulungela ukusebenza - apho wahlala kunye bavukeli yena Bolotnikov, yaye ngokuyinxenye ukuya Tula - ukuba Muromtsem nangqondo. E ukulungela ukusebenza, sele bephakathi abomkhosi tsarist. ukuvimba Heavy baqala iintsuku. Ngenxa iilahleko ezinkulu abavukeli ilawulwa ukuba atyhudise, abheke Tula.

amanqaku Historical ukuchaza mvukelo Bolotnikov ngokufutshane. Noko ke, ubugcisa imisebenzi uncwadi, iifilimu imizobo, ebhaliweyo babeka phezu kwezi zinto, sinokubona indlela eyoyikekayo, iintlungu, kakhulu ukufa kwambangela kule mfazwe.

waba Tula isixeko yokugqibela apho edabini abavukeli kunye lasebukhosini. umkhosi Tsarist, evalela i umlambo Upa edamini kungafaka ngomkhukula omkhulu Tula. Ngenxa yoko, bolotnikovtsy boyiswa.

Ekubeni Shumsky kuthiwa ilejendi Wabhambathisa abavukeli wavuma ukuba anikezele, ukuba "akazange ngegazi elaphalalayo," ukuba ukumkani wenza ngobuqili kakhulu. Yena ngokwenene kwegazi kubohlwaya kuvukela yemvukelo: Ivan Bolotnikov ke kuthinjelwa Kargopol, apho wabethwa, warhaxwa. Ileyku Muromtsa wamxhoma, yaye oomantyi Shakhovsky ngenkani tonsured yimonki.

Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba qhankqalazo woyiswa kuba abo bavukeli akanalo ucwangco, njengoko lasebukhosini. minus Huge Kwakhona ukwakhiwa owahlukeneyo yomkhosi labavukeli.