Canterbury Cathedral (UK): inkcazelo, photo

In kunxweme kumzantsi-mpuma eNgilani, xa okwilizwe Kent, avuke kwazo edumileyo kunye nesakhiwo mdala Gothic kule ngingqi, ifa obuKristu - Canterbury Cathedral (igama elisemthethweni - The Cathedral kunye Metropolitan Church of Canterbury). Le tempile, ifoto leyo ebonisa amandla negunya, kangangamakhulu eminyaka bakhonza njengentsika amaKristu British.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kulo lesikhumbuzo bokwakha emangalisayo likwaze nasongo kwaye lisebenza ahlala kuyo intloko Church of England kunye uMthendeleko waseTshetshi - Archbishop waseCanterbury.

Ibali liqala

Canterbury Cathedral inebhongo imbali yayo elide, nto leyo isusela emva ukususela kwixesha xa siqithi British engazani ngamaRoma. Xa ngelo xesha kude zetempile beentlanga apha. Kakade emva siqithi watyelelwa ngamaRoma, indawo yombingelelo yaba engcwele yobuhedeni (oku kwenzeka ehlabathini ngenkulungwane V).

Pope Gregory Ndandifuna ubuKrestu apha: kulo mba, lo umphathi owayesakuba weemonki eSt Andrew abaseRoma, Augustine Canterbury wanikwa imiyalelo ukuze aququzelele i ebufundisini kwi-British Isles, injongo yazo kukuba kukuncothula yobuhedeni, ukwanda kobuKristu.

Isiphumo uhambo bevangeli 597 waza waba Canterbury Cathedral, yasekwa umyalelo wakhe, imbeko umxhasi ongcwele uYesu Kristu. Ukongeza, ngaphandle kweendonga zesixeko lwakwakhiwa isigodlo Saints uPetros noPawulos, apho kamva ngokutsha imbeko eSt Augustine. Apha ke wangcwatyelwa kwisixeko koobhishophu.

Ezinjengokwaphuka lokuqala

Cathedral, ekuthethwa (eNgilani ibizwa ngokuba Canterbury Cathedral), ngokuphindaphindiweyo yakhiwa. Ngoko ke, emva kokuba ezinye ukulungisa ngokwangaphandle waba ngathi yecawa of St Peter eRoma. Kwi X Ngenkulungwane ngeenxa zonke izakhiwo zonqulo kwavela Imibono monastery.

Ukuqala kwenkulungwane XI indishiye uphawu Ilusizi kwimbali yecawa - awabuvayo umonakalo elingeneyo Vikings, ukubuyisela akuzange kube lula. Ngequbuliso ahlasela Danes zifakiwe kwaye kamva wabulala uBhishophu Alfeydzha, owaba uBhishophu wokuqala Canterbury ukholo.

Ingongoma lokugqibela kwimbali ubuKristu, embindini ixesha amaBritane Isles azifake emlilweni ezenzeka isiqingatha senkulungwane kamva.

Breath Cathedral entsha

Kwaye kwiminyaka emi-3 emva kwentlekele, ngo-1070, waqala ukwakhiwa ebandleni entsha kwisiza izakhiwo zonqulo itshiswe. Wayesongamela ukwakhiwa yokuqala uNorman uBhishophu Lanfranc, lowo isikhundla iminyaka 7.

Canterbury Cathedral, ifoto leyo ebonisa indlela isakhiwo esitsha ikhangeleka ngathi eMonastri of St Stephen eFransi, apho ngaphambili waba Ngqonyela, ufumene ubomi obutsha. Nkqu ilitye ukwakhiwa waziswa Archbishop kwilizwe. 1077 kwaphawulwa yokumisela weZiko lamaKristu elalisandul sakhiwe yaye yavulwa kuluntu.

igazi lokuqala egameni lenkolo

Canterbury Cathedral kuye kwenzeka iziganeko ezininzi ebomini bakhe. Enye ugqaliselo ankrelekrele ezinkulu kakhulu kwaba ukubulala bubugwala obabangela Thomas Becket. Eli bali laqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XII, xa uKumkani uHenry II eNgilani Plantagenet wamisela umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni, Becket iNkosi Chancellor kaThixo, intloko-Anglican church. Wamiselwa, Nkosi Thomas wathabatha esi sikhundla yekhethelo, kodwa umahluko ezopolitiko kwezimvo kunye uKumkani eNgilani uNkosi Awesome advocacy ibandla kukhokelele kwinto yokuba ngoDisemba 29, 1170 ngokwemiyalelo uHenry II, yena wabulawa Knights zesibingelelo ezingcwele yecawa.

Kamva, ukumkani baguquka isenzo sakhe, yaye uhlobo ngentlawulelo ityala sokubala okukhawulezileyo ebulele saint (esi siganeko kwenzeka kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokufa ubhishophu endaweni kwiminyaka emihlanu). UThomas Becket waba yesibini kumnyele abakhulu ukholo abangazange babulawa ulungiselelo webandla Canterbury.

Amandla aphilisayo Thomas Becket

Kangangethuba elide engcwabeni kwakukho mbingeleli uthile ingqalelo indawo ephilisa abagulayo, ngonyaka ukutsala amakhulu Cathedral ofuna okuphilisa. Phakathi iindwendwe kwindawo yokungcwaba Becket baba nezidwangube abehambise yeminikelo. Imali kwi kusiyiwa waya ngokutsha. Temple, iifoto ezibonisa ukuba kokulungiswa wakhe imali eninzi imali, ngaba ngoku ukunika ngokwabo.

Noko ke, ngo-1174 kwakhona wasinda komlilo, nto leyo ikhokelele utshiswe amacandelo yamaplanga eso sakhiwo. Hayi ubunzima kuphela crypt, nto leyo eye waqhubeka ukubonakala kwayo ngexesha ngokutsha. Ezinye isakhiwo yakhiwe phantsi kolwalathiso ngumzobi French uWilliam of Sens, kodwa sele indlela zwe. Ke ukwakhiwa wakhokelelwa eyahamba liNgesi uWilliam IsiNgesi. Ngeli xesha, iintsalela kwezi abakhulu babulawa bachukumiseka ukusuka crypt kwi wakhiwe yecawa.

Xa isayithi ye-apse elinyukayo yayakhiwe indlwana kaBathathu Emnye oyiNgcwele, nto leyo eyabangela ibhokisi uThomas Becket. Apha wahlala de 1538, xa uKumkani elandelayo yaseNgilani - Henry VIII Tudor ubukhosi - unomona iingeniso yecawa eningenakukholwa ngenxa nabasemzini, onombolo yakhe ayikhange sehle emva komlilo, bagqiba efanelekileyo ubutyebi zetempile.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umlawuli waseNgilani wabhengeza kwiinkulungwane ngaphezu amathathu eyadlulayo ukuqotywa oswelekileyo ukuba, Archbishop. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le yokugqibela akazange avele kuwo. Oku, kunye isityholo uMbuso, yaba sisiseko ngengqwalasela uThomas Becket enetyala kwaye uyibambe ubuncwane ukusuka engcwabeni lakhe wakhetha ebutyebini bokumkani. Zimbalwa icawa eNgilani liyi otyebileyo nangaloo ngexesha kabuhlungu imbali efanayo kumzabalazo ochasene neNgonyama.

Phantsi kwesikhokelo uWilliam eliNgesi ecaleni ecaweni kaBathathu Emnye oyiNgcwele yakhiwa omnye, eyaziwa ngokuba "Crown of Becket"; lusinika elukakayini lwentloko, leyo ngomhla kukubulawa Archbishop.

nokwakhiwa ezintsha

Canterbury Cathedral sakhiwa ngo-1184, kodwa Umqala wamantla ayo kuye kwenzeka kuphela ngo-1220.

Ndlwana omtsha ngcembe yazaliswa kunye namangcwaba abakhulu kunye abanegama zamaXesha Aphakathi. Ngoko ke, apha agcinwe iintsalela ye-jikelele edumileyo kaHameha Iminyaka War, Edward i-Black Prince; UKumkani uHenry IV Bolingbroke.

ngokutsha ngakumbi kule ndlu yecawa lwaqhutywa ngo-1377, xa eziphambili transept wagqiba kwelokuba yakhiwe kwi isimbo IsiNgesi Gothic. Kwabakho inyikima 1382 kuye kwanciphisa umsebenzi umngcangcazelisi, ngokwandisa nokubuyiselwa isakhiwo amashumi ambalwa kakhulu.

Emva emifanekisweni eziliqela, Kulungiswa kuhlenga isonto ufumene ifomu yayo banamhlanje (kwi imi- 30-kwinkulungwane XIX), xa endaweni inqaba ekumntla, owaboyikisa ukujingxela, wamiswa njengokwasesipilini ebonisa ezantsi-ntshona inqaba lwesakhiwo esitsha isimbo zwe.

Ubomi kuloo ndlu yecawa kwinkulungwane XX

1942 olunye mngeni yecawa, leyo ithe Luftwaffe kuhlasela: ezinye izakhiwo kakhulu lomelele. Ngexesha ukuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo 1954 kutshatyalaliswa ziye zabuyiselwa, kunye yecawa ukulungiswa sele zenziwe. Kodwa oomatshini lesikhumbuzo grand zifuna bachache nzulu ukususela ukhukuliseko siyitshabalalise ilimestone it akha kuzo.

Cathedral Modern kunye nendima yawo

Okwangoku, isakhiwo yonqulo isebenza ibandla regimental of the Royal webutho of Wales Queen. Xa ngokutsha wakhe imali ziqokelelwe, ngokuba isakhiwo enamandla kufuna enkulu kakhulu zemali kulondolozo kunye nokuvuselelwa.

Omkhulu iintlafuno ihlabathi kufaneleke neqhayiya yokuba zibandakanya ezikhumbuzo endala bokwakha, ogama ukuqokelelwa kuquka iincwadana ngaphezulu kwe 50,000 kunye neencwadi lwamathuba yopapasho ezahlukeneyo kunye ubutyebi bembali icebisa neembila enzima.