Ingqikelelo Cathedral kaBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra: ifoto kunye nenkcazo

Ingqikelelo Cathedral kaBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra yasekwa Tsar Ivana Groznogo, wazingcwalisa kwiminyaka kuphela emva 26. Le Cathedral libandla inkulu woonongendi, kanye ethandwa phakathi kubakhenkethi. Ehlotyeni ukuba benze inkonzo karhulumente, ukuba here yi-Choir of the Lavra.

Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo

Orthodox Monastery of Emnye oyiNgcwele, eyasungulwa zihlaba. USergiyo of Radonezh ngenkulungwane ye-14. Ukuze iinkulungwane eziliqela, uthathwa embindini inkulu yokomoya Orthodox, noseko kakhulu iziqu Russian.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17 woonongendi imelana iinyanga-elide singqingiwe njalo ke umkhosi Polish-Lithuanian (15 amawaka. Isosha). Le abavikeli woonongendi kwi-mali ka-3 amawaka. Man wamelana nasekuxinweni, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa nenkalipho yakhe, kodwa ke imbonakalo ngokungummangaliso Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

Ukususela ngo 1744 woonongendi labizwa ukuhlonela Lavra, ngeenxa ngcembe baqalisa ukwakha ezinye yoonongendi kunye hermitages, anento ngokomoya nayo. Ngowe-1814, emva kokuba umlilo Moscow Theological Academy apha, kuba yeyona yunivesithi indala eRashiya.

Ukususela 1920 ukuya 1945, Laurel lavalwa, kunye nommandla wayo bahlaliswa okwethutyana i-History ne Art Museum kunye zokuhlala, emva koko ngo-1946 waqalisa mvuselelo yayo.

Imbali lwesakhiwo

Ingqikelelo Cathedral kaBathathu Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo kuthiwa itempile-lesikhumbuzo ngenxa yokuba ekwakhiweni kwayo kwaphawula ukuwa lobungangamsha Kazan Khanate. Ukwakhiwa kwetempile lwaqhutywa iminyaka engama-26 kwaphela ngo-1585. Ukuzinikezela ngu Metropolitan anoDiyonisiyo, uKumkani yangoku Fyodor Ivanovich kunye nomfazi wakhe.

Le Cathedral ubungangamsha ibekwe esizikithini weemonki. Yakhiwa indlela yaseByzantium kwi umfuziselo Cathedral kwi Moscow yesicelo (Arch. A. Fioravanti of Italy), kodwa iindonga ezakhiwe sezitena (ubukhulu ka-2.25 m). Abakhi ekwakhiweni kwebandla wabhenela izithethe Russian waza wenza iipayiloni 6 ebuxande cross-candelo. Ingqikelelo Cathedral kuBathathu Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo ebekwa yi uphahla-5, le kumbindi - igolide, elingcwele, uMsindisi, abanye abane - eluhlaza kunye neenkwenkwezi - ozinikezeleyo Virgin Mary.

zone Arkaturno-columnar, nto leyo eqhelekileyo ukuba sesakhiwo izixeko Golden Ring iye yasetyenziswa xa kusakhiwa le yecawa. Eku sunguleni, ukusuka ngasentshonalanga ukuya yecawa kongezelelwa i ivaranda evulekileyo, ngoko ke indawo ngenkulungwane ye-18. iyivaranda yamatyala, zizotywe imiyalelo Metropolitan Platon.

I ingaphakathi kwetempile

Ingqikelelo Cathedral kaBathathu Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo, yaye ngokukodwa isithuba zayo kumangaliswa ubungakanani bayo elikhulu kwaye ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo ukuza ngapha kwee window. iipayiloni Huge (3x3 m) inkxaso umnqamlezo ezimnyama kunye reel ezintlanu.

Neefeleni kunye olungaphambili udonga embindini mkhulu bonke ububanzi. Ngasemva iconostasis engqungqa amalungiselelo kunye gallery-3-tiered.

Phantse ne-100 leminyaka emi unpainted vekeleke Cathedral kaBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra. Unyaka 1684 laliyindawo kwimbali yawo, kunye nemali Archbishop uMoses Ryazan waqesha abalisa ngabapeyinti 25 ekuqaleni inkosi D. Plekhanov. Ehlotyeni mnye wazoba iindonga, iintsika kunye esekelwe kumagumbi imixholo yebhayibhile, leyo ukuya ngoku wahlala phantse lomelele. Moisey Ryazansky ke ngokunzulu wangcwatywa ezindongeni Cathedral ye Inkolelo kufuphi kwezinye abakhulu.

Le mizobo ezindongeni - eqaqambileyo enomoya ngomfanekiso ngezandi emsi nemfusa, emsi nemisonto emsi. Ezindongeni esemantla akumazantsi imikrozo emine eboniswe zeVangeli (nguMama kaThixo, amaBhunga zeformula), kwaye ngasentshonalanga - imeko Umgwebo Wokugqibela a lot yamanani kunye neenkcukacha.

Imizobo wokwakha ngemifanekiso abathetheli (Alexander Nevsky, i noVladimir of Kiev, Prince nguDmitry, njalo-njalo), nkolo kunye abangcwele ubude ngokupheleleyo akhiwe kuzo zonke iintsika ezintandathu ukuxhasa nasemagumbini. mzobo yonqulo apho kumathambeka window kunye ezimnyama. Ukusuka ngaphakathi etempileni ukhangela ngenzala eninzi kunye amisiweyo.

Embindini yecawa kusinde bawisa chandelier-17., Zazenziwe ngobhedu eMoscow kweenkosi Izikrweqe njengesipho woonongendi intsapho Jani.

2 has a isibingelelo esisemgceni engundoqo:

• Great Martyr Feodora Stratilata, abakhusela Tsar Fedor Ivanovich;
• nomkakhe Borisa Godunova - Martyr Irene.

Kamva pridel- Saint Nikolaya Chudotvortsa - it elakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-17. ngexesha ukuziphendulela woonongendi ukusuka ayehlasela amajoni Polish-Lithuanian.

Ezingcwele Inkolelo Cathedral

Kwicala langasezantsi isonto egumbini kwi plinth na ingcwaba Sergiya Radonezhskogo, apho yangcwatywa (1392), kunye nezinto ezingcwele zakhe kwafunyanwa kamva ke kwiminyaka engama-30 apho. Ngenkulungwane ye-16 ngokomyalelo Ivan, loo ndawo yonqulo yesilivere esibi, bemi namhlanje kwi oyiNgcwele Trinity Cathedral senziwa. Kwiminyaka xa ibuthuma khona amandla engcwabeni, balundwendwe emhla uzayo Cathedral, qiniseka ukuba ukuhlonipha kuye, wazama ukuba nomntana off iqhekeza likwazi ukuthwala nabo. Kangangeminyaka eliqela, omnye iindonga baqalisa ukuyisonga kwaye kwafuneka ukuba komelezwa ezityiwa yesinyithi, kwakunye ukungena lokungcwaba a sarcophagus yeglasi.

Ingqikelelo Cathedral kaBathathu Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo yindawo yokungcwaba iintloko wathweswa neenkokheli abadumileyo Orthodox. Ngaphakathi yecawa efakiweyo ilitye of Queen Maria Vladimirovna kunye Inkosazana Evdokia abakhulu (uMoses Ryazan, Moscow Augustine, owamvusa umoya amajoni ngo-1812) kunye Metropolitan Macarius of eMoscow (obhale incwadi yenkolo).

Abakhenkethi abaninzi beza namhlanje ngenjongo zizokunqula izinto ezingcwele St. Innocent Orthodox ubhishophu eKamchatka naseMelika, nguye ongcwele umxhasi bonke abo bafunda iilwimi zasemzini, neSt Maksima Greka.

Kwezi nyanga zishushu etempileni iinkonzo kaThixo kunye zaso.

usapho Godunov lokungcwaba

Ukuba ekhohlo somnyango Cathedral le Dormition kaBathathu Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo na kwingcwaba Godunov. Yakhiwa kwinkulungwane ye-18 ngohlobo nezitali ilitye (kwisayithi ka refectory owayesakuba kwevaranda), omelene ngqo kudonga yecawa. Ngaphakathi kuyo ibekwe engcwabeni Borisa Godunova kunye nomfazi wakhe noMaria nonyana Fyodor (bona babulawa ngokomyalelo wokumkani ezizibiza uDemetriyo, kwaye imizimba yazo zaziswa apha 1606) kunye nentombi-ubuhle Ksenia (indela wafa ngo-1622).

Ngenxa yokuvulwa mangcwaba 1940, wafumana izinto zabo ugcinwe kakuhle kakhulu: .. shirt Silk Fedor, izihlangu inkosazana (ngoku ekwiMuseum izinto), kodwa yokungcwaba waba ukuba kuphanziswa, oko kukuthi ukuya ukakayi kwaphoswa.

sonto crypt

Le crypt le Dormition Cathedral kaBathathu Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo kubekwe phantsi yecawa ngokwawo, kunye nomnyango kuyo - kwicala elingasezantsi. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-19. lokungcwaba abaMbhaxa uSergiyo kunye Leonti, kodwa ke kukho angcwalisiweyo izibingelelo esibingelelweni. Sele kwinkulungwane yama-20. nanga Izindlwana ezimbini kwakhiwa embindini - engcwabeni Oosolusapho 2 - UAlexis I (1970) kunye Pimen (1990). Ngaphakathi crypt kwi windows zebandla yabamba iingubo kwaneempahla zobuqu, iifoto.

Le crypt kuvulelekile iindwendwe ukufikelela simahla imithandazo yawo umbulo, kukho ukusasazwa zeoli ngcwele.

iconostasis

I iconostasis yokuqala yecawa yatshatyalaliswa, ngoku endaweni yayo wabeka omnye.

Iconostasis Ingqikelelo Cathedral Emnye-St Wenziwe ziimaleko 5 iifeleni kunye imifanekiso nokuba nemisonto ephothiweyo imidiliya zegolide kwaye iqulathe icons 76, kwinkulungwane ye-17 ubukhulu becala emva kwexesha.

Le iconostasis lemiqolo ezintlanu ngezithsaba Emnqamlezweni ne Virgin noMariya kumpostile uYohane wezakwalizwi, kwisakhelo iphatheni wazikrola oojongilanga, roses kunye iidiliya. Nangokukrola kwakhona ezikhoyo kwi kukwisakhelo iconostasis, makungazaliswa iikholam yesibingelelo ngohlobo eman 'amasebe omdiliya, kunye friezes - imibala bezinye iintlanga. Zonke nangokukrola usichaza "iigadi iparadesi". Kokunqumla umfanekiso phezulu yeekherubhi kwaye bathatha yonke umqhele wobukhosi.

icon abaninzi benziwa inxaxheba edumileyo icon opeyintayo Simon Ushakov, omnye odumileyo - "The Last Sangokuhlwa" (1685), nto leyo ngoku imyuziyam le weemonki.

Zonke ii icon, ndaqingqa izinto zokuhombisa kwinkulungwane edluleyo amaxesha ponovleny eziliqela, nto ingqinwa iimvavanyo restorers (zonke ii icon kufuneka 3-4 layers). Last icons ixesha sele zihlaziyiwe kwi-1986-1988 biennium. ngenxa yokuba imeko yabo yingozi. Emva koko kwafunyaniswa ukuba icon yokuqala kwenkulungwane ye-16, "Ingqikelelo ungowokubongwa Virgin Mary", owayebonakele emva kokususwa lamanqanaba ezimbini icon kamva zipeyintwe ngaphezulu.

imifanekiso esekelwe

Ngaphakathi yecawa kukho imifanekiso ezimbini Ingqiqo Cathedral kaBathathu Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo, ezenziwe mosaic:

• Okokuqala-Yakova Stefana, ngubani de-1931 uKristu uMsindisi Cathedral.
• Lady Lwethu Kazan (ngokwe kuguqulelo enye, kwaziswa ukusuka endlwini ka Krestu uMsindisi, kwelinye - ukusuka kwigumbi kufuphi kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Kazansky eMoscow).

Kazan uMama kaThixo anayo ngabo bonke abantu Russian bubalulekileyo. Bayahlelwa Cathedral, kananjalo idlale indima yaye yanceda ukumelana singqingiwe njalo ke woonongendi eentloko ezaxhobela Polish-Lithuanian ngenkulungwane ye-17. Inkululeko of eMoscow ngo-Agasti 1612 nayo kwenzeka intsikelelo yakhe. Le icon, enikezelwa yi-Cossacks, ithwalelwe emantloko empi, Prince Pozharsky.

nokubuyisa yecawa

Umngcipheko ekuweni beendonga zebandla kunokwenzeka wabonakala ngenkulungwane ye-19. Pisarevsky emva ukutshona ichibi ngenxa ekonakalisweni komhlaba, xa udonga lwawa ukuya neentanda. Kodwa ke umsebenzi zokonga yecawa yaqala kuphela kwinkulungwane yama-20.

Enye nokubuyiselwa yokuqala kule minyaka kwamandla yiSoviet yaqala ngo-1940, kwaqhubeka de-1967, kwenziwa ezigungxulwayo:. Esekelwe ukusuka ukungcola iglu, eziveliswa wokulungisa isiseko, zonakaliswe yi ngamathontsi, wayibuyisela iifestile. Phakathi izisebenzi wayibuyisela Ingqikelelo Cathedral kaBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra - womzobi V. I. Baldin (awayemi ntlandlolo 1938 (usengumfundi) kunye 1997 gg.). Ukubuyiselwa ezikhumbuzo kaBathathu Emnye Lavra of St. uSergiyo waba ubomi bakhe.

Cathedral ye Ingqikelelo - 21 leminyaka

Ngu 700 engama wasekwayo Abbot yelizwe elikhulu-isikali imisebenzi ukubuyiselwa Russian (2012-2016) bathwalwa ngaphandle, kuquka zokucoca kunye nokubuyiselwa icon ye iconostasis of pieces oqingqiweyo ukuba ukuvuselela bonke ubungangamsha Ingqiqo Cathedral kaBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra. Amafoto ngeposi ngasentla, iqinisekisa ngokucacileyo oku.