Ngubani na ke Wahhabi: iifoto, iimpawu, umahluko ukusuka Muslims real

Okwangoku sibi ehlabathini (ingakumbi Russia) eluntwini iingxaki ezinxulumene nokukhula lukhuni zonqulo, ingakumbi Islamic. Engqondweni yoluntu, ebaxiweyo Islamic liphathelene ngamandla ne Wahhabism. Ngelo xesha, amanye amaSilamsi ucinga abalandeli intshukumo yonqulo njengoko alwela kungengokwentlambululo yendawo Islam. Ngubani na Wahhabi? Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwabo Muslims? Yintoni indlela yabo? Konke oku kuya kuxelelwa ngayo kweli nqaku.

Ungubani na ke?

Okokuqala jonga kwi ngoobani Wahhabis. Bona ubalwe njengabalandeli Wahhabism - ikhosi ekhethekileyo Islam. Bavumela ukuba utoliko ezichaseneyo Koran kunye Hadith. Igama elithi "Wahhabism" elaqanjwa kumhlaba wokukora ngenkulungwane XVIII umshumayeli Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahab. izimvo zakhe phezu yotshintsho Islam ziye njengongasebenziyo. Yena wathi phantse crazy.
Okwangoku, igama elithi "wahhabism" iye ukutolika ezininzi. Ngaloo ndlela, abameli bobuKristu akekho badla zinxulunyaniswa abagrogrisi Wahhabi. Abantu abo na abangawaziyo ngeendlela Islam, unakho ukufumana naluphi Muslim enjalo, ukuba iindevu.

Ngoobani aba Wahhabis in Islam? Kuba abalandeli zemveli Islam Wahhabi na umntu onesikhundla ukutyhilwa eyahlukileyo wonqulo. Ngenxa yoko, utoliko mihla a banzi kakhulu kwaye kubandakanya bonke Muslims babambelela enye utoliko Islam. Wahhabis ebizwa ngokuthi abanezimvo zokwenene Cartoon. Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na Wahhabi kufuneka ngokwenene ukwazi imvelaphi yalo mbutho zonqulo.

ukuvela

Ngunozala yale intshukumo lonqulo umshumayeli Muhammad Abdel Wahhab, ngubani kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVIII waye eyinganga yama intshukumo labavukeli kwi Arabia inkululeko amagunya Ottoman. Njengoko isiseko ezizinzululwazi omzabalazo wenkululeko yesizwe wasebenzisa slogans ngemfuneko nzima ngenxa kungengokwentlambululo yendawo Islam evela ezintsha. Xa ingundoqo iingcamango Muhammad Abdul Wahhab yaba ukwalela umbusi Turkish njengomlawuli njengowongamileyo zonke Muslims. Ngoko ke, ukuxhasa umzabalazo wenkululeko yesizwe kusetyenziswa slogans zonqulo njengoko kuqhele ukuba njalo njalo kude. Ekuqaleni omzabalazo wenkululeko ngenkulungwane XIX-Arabhi ukuba bacinezelwa abendlu ka-Turkish Sultan. Emva kwexesha malunga Wahhabis akuzanga kuviwe. A iminyaka elikhulu elinamanci mahlanu izilogani abo owavuswayo inkokheli oselula Abdelaziz Al Saud, umseki ubukumkani Saudi Arabia. Emva kokuvulwa kummandla amasimi yeoli elikhulu Saudi Arabia ukuba ukusasaza Wahhabism kulo lonke ihlabathi Islamic kwakukho inkxaso-mali enamandla.

History of uphuhliso

Wahhabism njenge kuyibika yembono in Islam ngokusondeleyo ne Saudi Arabia kwaye isetyenziswa yi kwizangqa alawula ekuphumezeni iinjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle ukuvelisa ukongamela kwihlabathi Islamic. Sekunjalo, abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba aba bantu - hayi Muslims. Wahhabis bafuna ukuba bazihlambulule Islam kodwa iindlela abazisebenzisayo ngenxa yoku, engaxhaswa iKurani oyiNgcwele.

Ngenxa yemfazwe Arabhu-Israeli ka-1973 bekukho ukwanda kokuziswa kwamaxabiso e-oyile, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukukhula ubutyebi elite alawula Saudi Arabia. Jeddah wadala Umbutho neNkomfa Islamic kunye Islamic Bank of Development, eyaba sisixhobo esinamandla ukusasazeka nempembelelo Saudi kumazwe Muslim.

Wahhabis kwi US

Wahhabism wayisebenzisela United States isiseko wawo ukulwa ngokuhlaselwa yiSoviet Afghanistan ngo-1979. Saudi Arabia, i-United States nasePakistan negalelo ekusasazekeni izimvo zakhe lokuququzelela jihad ukulwa ubukho yiSoviet e Afghanistan. A Isiphumo sale nkqubo iye yaba ukuvela baqeqeshwe kakuhle, yaba izizathu ezizinzululwazi namabutho ezininzi yamaSilamsi, owathi, emva kwemfazwe Afghan wafudukela ukruthakruthwano ne-US kunye namahlakani ayo ngamandla. Oko ngeli xesha, iingalo US wadalwa umbutho "Al Qaeda" phantsi kobunkokheli Busted bin Laden, ogama umsebenzi ngoko waqalisa ixesha elide ukuba eUnited States nje olukhulu.

Ukuqiniswa yokumpompoza religooznogo kunye negalelo ukusasazeka kwayo sabelo uKumkani Saudi Arabia i- title Fahd "Umgcini of the neemosque ezimbini oyiNgcwele" (ngaseMecca Medina). Ngaloo ndlela Wahhabism njengoko esemthethweni of Saudi Arabia wawongwa amandla zonqulo enkulu Islam.

"Wahhabi" - lizwi emdaka, njengokuba abaninzi bacinga. Eli binzana abunjwe ngenxa iziganeko zembali.

Kwenzeka ntoni namhlanje?

Okwangoku Wahhabi Islam kwi-akhawunti jikelele malunga elinye ekhulwini Muslims. Amaziko ezi Saudi Arabia kunye Qatar. Kwakhona, ezi zimvo yayakha isiseko ezizinzululwazi intshukumo "Taliban" e Afghanistan. Wahhabism uyithabathe ezininzi radicals Islamic nje kwinto yokulungela ukuya emfazweni nxamnye "amaRoma". Ngoko ke, lo mkhwa yembono ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XX wazihlanganisa ngokuqinileyo ne ubugrogrisi Islamic. Ngubani na ke Wahhabi okunene kwaye nendlela iyahluka ukusuka iMuslim zemveli?

Ukungaboni Muslims Wahhabi

Iimpawu eziphambili kulo mkhwa nendlela yohlukile kwezinye amasebe of Islam.

1. Abalandeli Wahhabism ngokoqobo atolike iKoran, hayi kuthathelwa ingqalelo imeko yentlalo nezopolitiko Arabia ngexesha uMprofethi Muhammad. Allah kubonwa umntu, ukuba nako ukuqhubela ngokukhululekileyo, kodwa bembonakalo yayo uhlala imfihlelo, ngenxa yokuba nabani kunye nantoni na. Iiyantlukwano amaSilamsi Wahhabi wabonakalaliswa yokuba owokuqala kakhulu nobutshaba amaxabiso zenkcubeko.
2. Njengesiseko yeemfundiso zenkolo Wahhabis ukuba ingqokelela le hadith ka Bukhari futhi Muslim ingqalelo kuphela, kwaye ukuthintela ngokupheleleyo nezinye izikolo yonqulo esemthethweni. Kwakhona, bona ingqalelo isicelo ngqo yobuhedeni ukuya Allah ( "Tawassul"). Liyiqwalasele engathandekiyo ndibuvelela kwamangcwaba kumaqabane ka-Mohammed kunye nezinye abangcwele Muslim. Wahhabis wambulala, ngokwamandla abo, yaye musa bafanelwe ukuba kungcwatywa njengako izithethe Muslim bonke.
3. Wahhabis ukukhanyela ukunqulwa kwabafileyo kunye ukulwa manic kunye kwamangcwaba kwizinyanya (abatshabalalise, ezithintelwe ukwenza imiqondiso nkqo zesikhumbuzo). Bebethe isibulale umzabalazo eshushu elidlulileyo yembali izizwe, ndifune ukuzitshabalalisa ooAshera ezikhumbuzo zenkcubeko. Ngaloo bayamkhanyela ubuzwe, ngokuzama ukwenza uluntu olutsha yembali Muslims. iimbono zabo zopolitiko nakunqulo abafani radicalism obukhulu. Ukulahlwa kwabo bonke abantu akathathi izimvo zabo nenkcubeko yabo nembonakalo - iimpawu eziphambili Wahhabi.
4. Kwakhona, kuba abalandeli bale Uhanjiso ebalasele kwaliwa kakhulu of non-Muslims evunyelwa ukuba ukumbulala nemfazwe kwemivuzo (jihad) nabo. Wahhabis, kwafa abantu bezinye iicawa - into eyenzeka kaninzi kumazwe Muslim. yinto engcwele naliphi Muslim imfazwe nxamnye "amaRoma". Ngelo xesha kuchaswa imida yesizwe. Bonke Muslims abakhonza kurhulumente, emkhosini kunye namapolisa nabasemagunyeni emazweni engeyiyo amazwe apho Islam ithathwa inkolo eyaziwayo bawexuki esemthethweni. abantu kakhulu nobudlova Wahhabis. Amafoto abakwazi ukuveza neemvakalelo ezingakhiyo ezihlala ezintliziyweni zabo.
5. Wahhabis azinakanwa yimithetho karhulumente, izigqibo zeenkundla wempangelo, ngaphandle Shariah. Kwakhona Wahhabis kundikhanyela ezinye imisinga e Islam (US kunye US). imisebenzi abagrogrisi egameni izilangazelelo Islam kaThixo (kubandakanywa ukuzincama) ithathwa njengokwamkelekileyo kukhuthazwe. Kulo mzekelo, abalandeli Wahhabism uphika ubukho balo, ngenxa yokuba iinkolelo zabo zonqulo ziyinyaniso nabo kuphela.
6. Ngubani na ke Wahhabi yaye yintoni injongo ideology? Injongo yezi bantu kukudala omnye karhulumente Islamic (caliphate), ukusebenza ngenxa yomthetho elifuna. Le ziqondwe ngokwale meko ukuba caliphate iya kuzinza ngokusekelwe indima ephezulu of Saudi Arabia kunye Qatar, ogama kuthatha isikhundla ezizodwa elite elilawulayo. Imfundiso Wahhabi etshintsha rhoqo ngokuxhomekeke neenjongo zezopolitiko ideologues ezinkulu. Ngelo xesha sisahleli orientation lingatshintshanga jikelele silwe nokwala incoko yababini kunye nezinye iinkonzo.
7. Indlela ukwahlula Wahhabi ukusuka mthetho olufanayo? Ngenxa commonality ka Wahhabism amasela izinto, le Iimbono lula baqonda ngamalungu yimibutho eyahlukeneyo mthetho. Olona phawu engundoqo radicalism kakhulu ngokunxulumene nje kuphela abantu abawela kwezinye iicawa, kodwa Muslims - ngabalandeli nakolunye in Islam. Kufuneka belwa umzabalazo ezingadibaniyo ukugqibezela kumonakalisa. Wahhabis musa zokuzichaza njengenxalenye Nohlanga olo banendawo. Amazwe ke wakhanyela. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukulandela imithetho kunye nezithethe Islam ekuqondeni kwabo.

Wahhabism eRussia

Ngomhla kummandla Russian Federation, Wahhabism isasazeke kakhulu kwi North Caucasus (Dagestan, Karachaevo-Cherkessia). Isizathu soku ubukho kule mimandla, iingxaki zentlalo noqoqosho ezininzi (ngqesho, intlupheko, urhwaphilizo arhente zikarhulumente kunye nokunyanzeliswa komthetho). Dagestan Wahhabis - aba ngabantu abangazange bafumane inkxaso ekusombululeni iingxaki zabo okanye ingqalelo ngokwabo abacalulwa ngabasemagunyeni kunye namagosa ukuthotyelwa komthetho kwaye ngenxa yoko yawa phantsi kwempembelelo radicals Islamic. iingcamango Gcobisa Wahhabi kunegalelo imisebenzi izithunywa ezivela kwamanye amazwe (ingakumbi Saudi Arabia, Jordan kunye Pakistan), injongo leyo ukwaliwa North Caucasus ukusuka eRashiya kunye nokudalwa caliphate. imisebenzi yabo ze ekupheleni-imi- 90 lwekhulu XX negalelo ubuthathaka kukarhulumente kunye kwiimfazwe ezimbini Chechen. Ukusasazeka iintshukumo ezinkulu e-Islam ikhuthaza nokubhala zonqulo labemi, ingakumbi abantu abatsha, izikhalazo zembali (inkumbulo kwiimfazwe abaseAfrika, emakhaya).

Izizathu kuba buthathaka ka Wahhabism

Kude kube kamva nje, urhulumente ukuphikisa ukunwenwa iingcamango eziyingozi ngobuchule wakha-nkqubo kazwelonke. Okwangoku, kunye kukomeleza igunya likarhulumente, isicombululo kancinane iingxaki zentlalo nezoqoqosho, ukulwa urhwaphilizo kurhulumente, umda imisebenzi imibutho engajonge ngeniso ezahlukeneyo ngamazwe non-governmental impembelelo Wahhabis kummandla North Caucasus iyawa.

iimpawu zangaphandle

1. Ukubonakala uphawu wabalaselisa Wahhabis. Ifoto ibonisa lophawu ebalulekileyo imbonakalo yazo - neendevu. Yena, ngokutsho abalandeli Wahhabism luphawu mandatory babantu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kudanjiswe kuvunyelwa lokucheba omfutshane okanye ucheba iindevu zakhe. Ukuze ukuba boba sentsimini of ukuthotyelwa komthetho, i Wahhabis Bazama ukwenza kunye baphambuke ubunzima eziphambili Muslims. ze yabo idla ifihliwe. Indlela ngenjongo yokugaya senziwa emva kokuba uphando ngenyameko abaviwa. Okwangoku, eli ziko wafudukela iinzame ukusebenza kulutsha Muslim. Isebenzisa nokubhala, luhlaza, lo loluthando kubantu abatsha maximalist.
2. Kwakhona, iimpawu zangaphandle, leyo mayahlulwe Wahhabis bufinyeziwe unxibe ibhulukhwe (ngaphezu iqatha), intloko zichetywe wayechetyiwe. Kananjalo anxibe isinxibo yesizwe, zokuphelisa amazwe ama-Arabhu.
3. Kukho umahluko kulo mkhuba imikhosi zonqulo. Wahhabis, ukuba mosque, musa ukubeka phezu kwentloko yakhe skullcap kwaye usebenzise irosari, nto leyo buyazohlula amakholwa eziqhelekileyo.
4. Wahhabis ngomona ukubukela, ukuze abafazi babo egubungele ngokupheleleyo ubuso, eshiya kuphela amehlo. Abalandeli Islam ukuthetha kakuhle malunga nenkqubo kunye nenkqubo yezopolitiko Saudi Arabia nase-United zakutsha abanqolobi (LIH), wavalwa kummandla Russian Federation. iincwadi zabo ze kuvame idatha output okanye ipapashwe phantsi kwephiko nezindlu zokupapasha ilandelayo: "Badr", "Umma", "Tauba", "Fazhrul-Islamiyya (baqarah)", "Ibrahim bin Abdul-Aziz Al-Ibrahim", "Santlada ".

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, indlela Wahhabis badla bazibiza Salafis.

isiphelo

Wahhabism njengombutho yonqulo ngaphakathi Islam yaphuhliswa ngenkulungwane XVI kwaye sinxulumana ukuphikisana entsonkothileyo zangaphakathi kwezentlalo nezopolitiko e Arabia, ingakumbi ekulweni ukongamela kwalowo Ottoman. Ekuqaleni kwaba iimpawu yenkululeko yesizwe, yaye ngoko, phantsi kwempembelelo iingcamango kobunganga kwihlabathi Islamic, kuye kwavela phakathi isigwebo elite e Saudi Arabia, kwakunye phantsi kweempembelelo imikhosi yangaphandle (USA) wathabatha Wahhabism olukhulu. Lubonakala yi kokukhatywa yonke imiyalelo ka-Islam, echasene imigaqo yalo kweyabo kwakunye kwisibhengezo yokulwa "amaRoma" njengento engcwele wonke Muslim. Movement ngohlobo lwayo mihla ingozi kakhulu kwinkqubo karhulumente kwe-Russian Federation, njengoko esongela isidima lizwe (ukwaliwa North Caucasus kunye nezinye iindawo esinabantu ubukhulu becala Muslim).

Kufuneka iqondwe into Wahhabism ayikho intshukumo iimpawu zonqulo Russian amaSilamsi, waza waziswa evela ngaphandle kwaye lilinge imikhosi yangaphandle lakhelwe imeko yezopolitiko kweli lizwe. Ukulwa radicalism kufuneka ibandakanye nokuphelisa oonobangela igalelo kokukhatywa wegunya phezu inxenye yabemi umsebenzi zemfundo ngokubanzi, ingakumbi phakathi kwabantu abaselula kakhulu ukulimala imiphumo kwemimiselo ezingaqhelekanga of Islam yemveli ze zonqulo. Ukongeza, abasemagunyeni yoluntu efanelekileyo kufuneka esweni imisebenzi yazo zonke iintlobo imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente ngezimali phesheya, ekuqhubeni yalapha losasazo ukuze izithethe amaxabiso Russian.