Indlela yesikhashana yokumisa ukuphuma kwegazi - i-arterial and venous

Kwiimeko zokulimala kunye nomonakalo kwiinqanawa, kwindlela esetyenziswayo yokuyeka igazi. Injongo kukuzinzisa imeko yexhoba, ayeke ukulahleka kwegazi kwaye wenze ukuba ukwazi ukuthutha isiguli kwisibhedlele ngoncedo lwezonyango.

Iintlobo zokuphaphaza kunye nezindlela zokumisa

Indlela yokuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi ikhethiweyo kuxhomekeke kwiziphi iinqanawa ezonakalisiweyo, indawo yazo emzimbeni, ngokukhawuleza ukulahleka kwegazi kwenzeka. Ngokwemvelo yomonakalo,

• I-Venous.
• Ulawulo.
• Capillary.
• Ezixubileyo.

Ngokusekelwe kwidatha yeklinikhi, indlela yokumisa ukuphuma kwegazi isetyenziswe:

• Ukunyathela ibhanki.
• Ukuchukumisa isitya esonakaliswe ngeminwe yakho.
• Ukunyanzeliswa kweSetyhula - ukusetyenziswa kwe- hemostatic tourniquet okanye i-twist.

Khawucinge ngeentlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zokulimala kwamathambo, ukusongela ubomi - ukuphuma kwegazi kunye negazi.

Iimpawu zokuphuma kwegazi

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-tourniquet yindlela echanekileyo yokwenza ukuphuma kwegazi ukusuka kwimibhobho yomda. Kodwa le ndlela ibuhlungu kakhulu, kuba iyakumisa ngokupheleleyo ukujikeleza kwegazi kwimizimba ephantsi kwesayithi yesicelo kwaye, ukuba ingasetyenziswa kakubi, ingakhokelela kwiimeko ezinzima. Ngako oko, kubalulekile ukucacisa ngokucacileyo phakathi kwegazi kunye negazi lokuphuma.

Ukuba i-artery ibonakele, ezi zilandelayo zibonakaliswa.

• Umbala wegazi ubomvu obomvu, obomvu, ogcweleyo.
• Igazi liphuma e-jerks, ehambelana nokuqhekeka kwimizimba. Xa i-artery ebalulekileyo ibonakaliswe, ukukhwabanisa ngokusemthethweni umthombo.
• Ukulahleka kwegazi kukhawuleza. Ngaphandle kokubonelela ngoncedo oluphuthumayo, ixhoba lingafumana ukutshitshiswa kwe - hypovolemic ngemizuzu embalwa. Ukuba ukuphuma kwegazi kungagqitywanga, umphumo obulalayo uvela kwiminyaka emi-5-10.

Indlela yokuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi

Kukho iindlela ezininzi, ngokuqhelekileyo zidibeneyo. Indlela esheshayo yokumisa ukuphuma kwi-artery kukunyanzela umkhombe ngomunwe wakho ngokubhekiselele kwithambo elingaphantsi kwesayithi elilinxeba. Emva koko, lungiselela zonke izinto eziyimfuneko kwaye usebenzise i-tourniquet okanye i-twist. Le ndlela yindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokuyeka ukuphuma kwamanzi kwiinqanawa zomda.

Ukuba isalathisi eselungelelaniso somthamo omkhulu sonakaliswe, ibhendi yoxinzelelo ingasetyenziswa.

Ukuchukumisa isitya kunye neminwe yakho

Ezi ndlela zokumisa ukuphuma kwegazi zisetyenziswa xa izitya ezilandelayo zonakaliswe:

• Ubhedu obuthongo.
• Umthambo wesifazane.
• Umthamo we-subclavian.
• I-articular artery.
• Umzobo weBrachial.

Ngomlenze okanye ezine iminwe yesandla, isitya sixinzelelekile kwi-protuberance engaphezu komonakalo. Pulse ngaphantsi kweengcambu zeengcinezelo kufuneka zingekho. Kufuneka ukwazi amaphuzu kusengaphambili ngokuqeqesha okanye lakho iqabane.

• I-artery elele ixinzelelwe kumgca ongasecaleni le-larynx.
• Umthambo wesifazane uxinzelelekile ekuchaseni kweso lesifuba kwisilwanyana esingumgubo, ukufaka ingcambu yomlenze ngezandla zombini.
• Umzobo we-subclavia uxinzezelwe phantsi, ngokugqithiseleyo ugqithise isithupha se-clavicle.
• I-humerus igxininiswe ekuphumeni kwegazi ukusuka kwisithathu esezantsi kwegxala kunye nezantsi. Iphoyinti loxinzelelo luphakathi kwiphepha phantsi kweebiceps.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukunyanzelwa komunwe kunzima ukwenza ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, emva kokuyeka ukuphuma, faka i-tourniquet okanye, ekungabikho kwayo, uphazamise ukusetyenziswa kweendlela eziphuculweyo.

Izindlela zeesetyhula zokucima

Ngale ndlela, zonke iinqanawa zifakwe zicukto ezithambileyo zomlenze. Ukunikezelwa kwegazi ngaphantsi kwendawo yesicelo ngokupheleleyo. Ukusebenzisa iindlela zexeshana zokumisa ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphandle nge-slate ye-squeezing of the leg, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho eyintloko.

• Faka isicelo se-tourniquet kwindawo echazwe ngokuchanekileyo, ngaphandle koko izitya zelungu zingonakaliswa. Zama ukwenza oku ngokusemandleni kwilonda, kodwa ngaphandle kokuthinta izicubu ezonakalisiweyo.
• Musa ukusebenzisa i-tourniquet xa kwenzeka ukuvuvukala kwindawo yesicelo.
• Lawula ixesha lokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo. Akungekho iiyure eziyi-1.5 ebusika kunye neeyure ezingama-2 ehlobo. Namathisela isalathisi esibonisa ixesha elichanekileyo lokumiswa, ukulungisa kwiingubo zexhoba okanye ngokukhawuleza phantsi kwe-harness.
• Akuvumelekile ukumboza i-tourniquet ngeengubo okanye kwi-bandage. Kufuneka ibonakale.
• Ukuthintela ukulimala kumathisto athambileyo, ibhinti, ingcezu yengubo okanye ezinye izinto eziphathekayo zifakwe phantsi kwe-harness.

Indawo yokungahlali:

• Ephakathi komlenze ophantsi.
• Ngaphantsi kwesithathu sempembelelo.
• Ingxenye yesithathu yamagxa.
• Ngaphantsi kwezantsi entanyeni.
• Ingcambu yeLimb ngokulungiswa kwisiqu.

I-wire harness technology

Izindlela zokumisa okwethutyana ngaphandle kwegazi ezivela kwimida yezophetho ngoncedo lwe-tourniquet zenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

1. Beka impahla epholileyo phantsi kwetawu.
2. Gweba i-tourniquet, qinisa i-coil yokuqala ngokukhawuleza, ukukhishwa okulandelayo. Ukuhlamba kufuneka kumeke emva kokusebenzisa ikhoyili yokuqala, i-pulse ingezantsi engekhoyo. Ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa okwaneleyo, i- venous stasis iya kuphuhlisa kwaye isilungu siya kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
3. Xa igalelo libekwe kwingcambu yelungu, ibhanti ye-bandage ifakwe phantsi kwe-tourniquet kwisigubungelo okanye kwi-creutic crease ukuqinisekisa ukuba u-artery ixinzezelwe phantsi kwesikhumba. I-tourniquet inikwe "i sibhozo" ukuyikhusela ekubeni ishenxise phantsi.
4. Yenza malunga neethathu ukujika kwaye ulungise i-tourniquet.
5. Ingalo ayinakunyuswa.

Ukuba ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-2 zidlulile ukususela kwisicelo, i-tourniquet kufuneka ifhatywe imizuzu engama-15 ngaphandle kokuyisusa kwisilungu. Ngeli xesha, i-artery ifakwe ngomnwe. Ukutshisa kwakhona kufakwa endaweni ephakamileyo kakhulu kunaphambili kunye nexesha elincinci. Xa i-harness isetyenziswe kwakhona, indlela yeHersh-Zhorov ingasetyenziswa. Ngale ndlela, icala eliphambene lelo lungu libhekiswe kwidayitha yokhuni. Ukujikeleza kwegazi kuselondolozwa ngokuthe ngqo. Inye indlela isetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-harness kwi- artery carotid. Njenge-anti-support ngenkxaso yekhompyutha, sebenzisa isandla somntu olimele ngakwesinye icala, ukuphakamisa.

Xa kungabikho umthwalo oqhelekileyo, ityhubhu yerabha isetyenziswa. Unokuyifakisha isilungu ngokusebenzisa i-twist. Umtya wezinto ezinokuhlala, isikhala, ibhenqo, ibhanti yebhulukhwe ifakwe kwindawo efanelekileyo, iboshwe kwaye ixutywe ngoncedo lwentonga kuze kufike umthamo utyineke kwaye ukuyeka kwegazi kuyayeka. Intonga isetyenziswe kwisilungu esinokubhinqa.

Iimpawu zokuphuma kwi-vein

Iindlela zokubanjwa kwexesha elifutshane kwegazi kuluhlu lwabantu abanokumonakalisa umthamo. Ukuhlamba okuvela emthanjeni kubonakaliswe ziimpawu ezilandelayo.

• Igazi liphuma ngaphandle kwinqanaba.
• Umbala wegazi umnyama, u-cherry.
• Ubungakanani bokuphuma kwegazi buncinci kunomonakalo komnatha, kodwa ngaphandle kokuncedwa ekuphukeleni intlanti yemifuno emikhulu kunakho ukulahleka okukhulu kwegazi, ukuwa kwexinzelelo lwegazi nokufa ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwe-hypovolemic.

Izindlela zokumisa ukuphuma kwegazi

Ngomonakalo omkhulu kwiinqwelo ezinobungozi zesilungu, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-tourniquet ngokwemiqathango efanayo njengoko kuphuma igazi. Kwezinye iimeko, i-bandage yoxinzelelo isetyenzisiwe okanye isilenze sinxibile.

Izindlela zokumisa ukuphuma ngegazi ngokusebenzisa ibhendi yokucinezelwa:

1. Ukufakela umnqwenqa okwesikhashana, ucindezele ngomnwe okanye udibanise inqwelwe.
2. Kwilonda, sebenzisa i-swab ye-cotton gauze okanye isiqwenga sesishukela (ikotoni, ilinen) kunye ne-bandage eqinile.
3. Ukugqitywa kugqityiwe.

Ukufakela umgca kunye nokuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi kunokwenzeka, emva kokusebenzisa indlela yokuhamba kwelungu. Endaweni yokulonga umgca wengubo okanye i-bandage isetyenziswe, isilungu siphezulu sisilungele kwaye sisigxininiswe kwesi sikhundla ngoncedo lomqhawulo wengubo, ibhande, i-bandage.

Izindlela zokumiswa kwexesha elifutshane zisetyenziselwa umonakalo oyingozi kwimida kunye neemvini. Umntu onobungozi unikezelwa ngoncedo lokuqala, uzinzisa imeko kwaye uyathunyelwa esibhedlele, apho kusetyenziswe iindlela zokugungula ukubuyisela intembeko yeengcambu.