Sretensky Monastery eMoscow: choir, engcwele, kwihotele

Sretensky Monastery e Moscow wangena kwimbali iphepha weRashiya, unobumba elibhekisela kolawulo Basil I (nyana Dmitriya Donskogo, owasweleka ngo-1382). Iminyaka 36, wobukumkani bakhe osisilumko impangele ukomeleza nokwandisa, kunye eMoscow ngokwayo zange yoyiswa yi nabani.

Imbali igama weemonki

Iguqulwe kwi yesiGrike "Candlemas" ithetha intlanganiso. Kuchkovo endle wathabatha igama layo igama SI Boyar imfumba, vyatichi amafa ayikho phantsi kaYuri Dolgoruky. Semi-wasentsomini Boyar Stepan isipha wabulawa, yaye ezweni anakho, sakhiwa eMoscow. Kwaba apha, ngomhla Kuchkovo endle, akwabakho intlanganiso 1395 Muscovites Vladimir Icon ye nguMama kaThixo, wathumela umngcelele of Vladimir-on-Klyazma. Kwindlela waya embindini eyinkunzi, yaye apho kwenzeka isiganeko, baqala ukubiza Sretenka, kwaye weemonki wamiswa apha kukhunjulwa isiganeko cishe, Sretensky. Yayaziwa ngokuba usuku olulandelayo ngaphandle kwesizathu Timur Tamerlane, zonakale phambi kokuba Elec, wajika amajoni bakhe ezindongeni capital bengakhuselekanga. Basil I immortalized esi siganeko, eyakhiwa ngo 1397 kwisiza yentlanganiso umngcelele Sretensky Monastery eMoscow.

oyidingayo benalo

Ngenxa Vladimir Icon ye nguMama kaThixo kukho amavo ezimbini balahle zabahlaseli. Enye kwenzeka ngo-1451, xa loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene Prince Mazovia, abakhulu umzukulwana Khan Tokhtamysh, bawatshisa ngomlilo onke kwimimandla eMoscow, phezu bangaphambi ehlaselwa isigqibo Wabaleka iindonga eyinkunzi emva ebusuku zokuhlaselwa abemi i icon. Eyesibini inxulumene 1480 (ukuchithwa Akhmat, simi i Ugra emlanjeni). Vladimir uNina kaThixo Icon kubhaliwe kwathiwa, ngokwesithethe, yi uMpostile Luke loMshumayeli noMariya kwi ubomi kwibhodi etafileni, kulandele i esidla Family oyiNgcwele.

EConstantinople Ubhishophu Luka Hrisoverg, ukubusa kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni XII yabalasela imisebenzi emikhulu ibandla-mthetho, wathumela uluhlu nge icon Yuriyu Dolgorukomu. Lwakuba nje yasekwa Sretensky Monastery eMoscow ngoAgasti 26 umngcelele yakhe lusekeleke Cathedral yonyaka kumhlangula Vladimir Icon ye nguMama kaThixo, uMsindisi iinzuzo ezinkulu ukusuka nebutho lalo Tamerlane.

izakhiwo isigodlo, ndahlala iintsuku zethu

Ekuqaleni ezakhiwe woonongendi izakhiwo engafakwanga. Ukususela izakhiwo ubudala, basinda zonke iimfazwe kunye kuphazamiseka, ukuba namhlanje abasindayo yecawa-angqukuva ezintlanu, yakhiwa ngo-1679 phezu imali Tsar Fedor Alekseevich, isiqingatha-uPeter I. Fyodor III kunye nomfazi wakhe Agafey Semenovnoy Grushetskoy ngakumbi abayinyamekelayo Sretensky woonongendi eMoscow. Emva wafa ngo-1706, yayakhiwe yingcwele lasezantsi - St. uYohane umbhaptizi. Le iconostasis le Cathedral le Sretensky Monastery ngo-1680, esi sibini yasebukhosini abatshatileyo ebekwe ngendlela abathengi zabo - abangcwele kunye ukholo Fedora Stratilata Agafi. Icons elise equidistant ukusuka esangweni lokumkani.

Indima kwimbali yeli lizwe

Ngokuqhelekileyo, le loonongendi edlalwe bayahlelwa Romanov ubukhosi hayi indima lokugqibela - yena ngenkuthalo negalelo ukunyuka amandla uMikhail Fedorovich, owokuqala Russian Tsar, umnini eli gama. Zonke oluya elime eliphezulu kuluntu Russian yaqala, njengoko umthetho, kule woonongendi. Kwinkulungwane XIX apha, ubuncinane okwethutyana, iSebe primatial. Kwaye ke Vladimir Icon ye nguMama kaThixo, ukubhekisela kwizindlu woonongendi izihlandlo ezithathu kusindiswa eMoscow lungabanjiswa utshaba nokutshabalalisa.

esekelwe of woonongendi

Nangona ukubaluleka kwayo, le Cathedral le Ukunikwa Vladimir Icon ye nguMama kaThixo de 1707 ema unpainted. Kulo nyaka, ngenxa iminikelo evela SF Griboyedov, musketeers isikhulu wabonakala esekelwe etempileni, ezigcinwe kakuhle ukuya namhlanje yaye yenye obukhulu zokugqibela art samandulo kwikomkhulu. Ngubani wazoba iindonga yecawa, akwaziwa, ekubeni umlilo 1737 woonongendi satshiswa onke amaxwebhu anxulumene nomsebenzi wamagcisa abanetalente, indlela entle ukuba ulwakhiwo wokuqala imizobo weendawo kunye nokugqwesa yokusebenza ithi.

Amaphepha abamnyama kwimbali

Iziganeko ngokubulawa kwale weemonki beza imi- 20-lwekhulu XX. Le kuphela elaziwayo emideni yonke Soviet Russia ukususela ngowe-1922 ukuya 1926 yaba intshukumo ecaweni ebizwa ngokuba "renovationism" leyo, eneneni, yaba kwingcamango kurhulumente omtsha ukuze asinde. It walwa kwez uMphathi Tikhon. Xa woonongendi Sretensky ngo-1923 bafuduka Renovationism kwi wolawulo bamadoda, waqalisa iingxaki, yaye ngowe-1925 woonongendi lavalwa. Ide 30, izakhiwo ezininzi woonongendi kalukhuni idilizwe. Inkuthazo - ulwandiso esitratweni, elinye central njengoko Sretensky Monastery, idilesi yakhe eMoscow - Bolshaya Lubyanka, 19, apho intliziyo komkhulu. Phakathi izakhiwo batshabalalisa ezo zetempile iSt Mary waseYiputa, kunye Church of St Nicholas. Azikho zibuyiselwe. Itempile woonongendi apheliswe kwiimyuziyam. Kuphela ngengozi icon endala "nokuphakanyiswa of the Cross", nto leyo eye yabonakala kwi imyuziyam anti-zonqulo, alondolozwe kwaye zigcinwa kwi Tretyakov Igalari. Kule izakhiwo eseleyo kwaku NKVD amagosa ehostele. Inyaniso yokuba kwilizwe engcwele woonongendi wababulala abantu, uthi unqulo umnqamlezo, eyakhiwa ngo-1995 kukhunjulwa izisulu bahlukunyezwa.

Buyela iBandla

nyaka-90 kwisakhiwo sonto All-Union Art Uphando Restoration Centre igama. Grabar. Ngowe-1991 woonongendi yabuyiselwa Orthodox, emva koko aqalisa imvuselelo - izakhiwo ebuyiselweyo ubudala, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezintsha kunye nenqaba yentsimbi. Ngomhla kummandla woonongendi likwaqhuba indlu enkulu nokupapasha. Ngezifundo catechetical abaqeqeshiweyo abantu 400. 40 iimonki kunye monki bahlala woonongendi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Disemba 4, 1925, kanye phambi kokuba kuvalwe ngokupheleleyo, Sretensky Monastery waye tonsured kwi rassophore ogama Plato elizayo uBhishophu Pimen (ehlabathini Sergey Izvekov), owathi wafa ngo-1990.

Ubuhle cwaka ye woonongendi

Zonke izakhiwo ibekwe intliziyo imali, nto leyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje batshintsha ngokuphawulekayo, engqinelana bembonakalo yayo ezintsha, kuquka Sretensky Monastery eMoscow. Photo, ngeposi ngezantsi, ithetha lukhulu malunga ubuhle bakhe ngoku isicefe. Kungokwemvelo ukuba omnye yoonongendi zindala, nto leyo wadlala indima ebalulekileyo bayahlelwa weRashiya, ibekwe kanye ndisembindini wesixeko, unikwa eninzi ingqalelo ukusuka ubunkokheli yeCawa Orthodox. Ukongeza, ukususela stauropegic weemonki, uMphathi eMoscow na ubhishophu wayo sigqibo kunye mentor. Igama elithi "stauropegic" kuthetha into yokungamthobeli eMonastri abasemagunyeni Diocesan asekuhlaleni. Godlo kunye Laura ezo zilawulwa solusapho. Kude 1918 woonongendi, ibekwe entliziyweni kwikomkhulu, esitratweni Bolshaya Lubyanka (owayesakuba Sretenka), waba ubume weemonki abazincutshe, ekhoyo ngaphandle ngenkxaso karhulumente. Kule mihla, Sretensky Monastery eMoscow libhekisela stauropegic.

Isizathu sokuba nekratshi ezizodwa

Zonke ukufana kwi ehlala uluhlu kwakhe phezulu. Abantu abaninzi sibe nebhongo of Sretensky Monastery eMoscow. choir eMonastri (hayi ukucula, kwaye ikwayara) sesona yobudala efanayo kuye, yaye yaziwa nje kuphela amarhamente kunye nabathandi umculo ongcwele. Sele kwinkulungwane XVII Sretensky Choir kunye choir awayexatyiswa, njengoko bephelekwa amisiweyo zindwendwe siphela. Ephile wayengenamali, ngokutsha kunye nabasebenzi weemonki yaqala ukufumana iimpawu ezintsha, ixesha efanelekileyo, yaye ekugqibeleni kwasekwa ngo-2005. Ikhokelwe owayephumelele Russian Academy of Music Nikon Stepanovich waphila. Ukususela ebuntwaneni yena chorister kaBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra. Kunye iinkonzo soloists wekwayala ezi iikonsathi albhamu ezirekhodiweyo. Ngalinye soloists 30 imfundo zomculo esemagqabini - okanye "Gnesinka" okanye eMoscow Theological Seminary okanye Sretinskaya. Kukho abafundi lwenqila Academy of Choral Art kunye eMoscow Conservatory. Ngokutsho abalandeli kunye neengcali, umphathi abanetalente "yenza amazwi ngokuvisisana emzimbeni ophilayo." Ekwayaleni soloists apho ehlabathini lonke - nguDmitry Beloselsky, kunye nabanye.

icons amoyika nezinto ezingcwele abangcwele

Ezingcwele Sretensky Monastery e Moscow, imelwe ikakhulu izinto ezingcwele Hieromartyr Hilarion (Troitsky) - ubhishophu wezakwalizwi leCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, i icon kunye ezingcwele St. Seraphim of Sarov. Ukongeza, apho agcinwe iintsalela iSt Mary waseYiputa, St. Ioanna Zlatousta, Vasiliya Velikogo kunye Nikolaya Chudotvortsa. Oku kubhekisela umboniso amanqugwala (ubuso kwi sisigubungelo) kunye (ifoto) ezifanayo entle eTurin ngesigubungelo, wenza ngokupheleleyo, into ke crypt isonto. Kuye angcwalisiweyo uMphathi Moscow Alexis II njengoko i icon koMsindisi azenziwanga ngezandla. Abazukileyo Vladimir Icon ye nguMama kaThixo igqibe uluhlu lwe zonqulo Sretensky Monastery.

Disinterestedness singenxa yozuko lukaThixo

Abantu abaye bafeza kwaye ngokuzithandela ukusebenza ngenxa yozuko lukaThixo, abasendaweni yoonongendi Orthodox, kodwa bengengabo monki - ekuthiwa-ilungu labasebenzi. Okukhulu Sretensky e Moscow, kwakunye namanye amaziko ibandla odinga uncedo lwabo. Trudnik yahlukile nabasemzini, kunye monki. Ngokusisiseko, aba bantu nje sikulungele bazinikele ecaweni ngokupheleleyo. Kukho igatya ilungu labasebenzi, apho kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile, ndaphule yona ayikhuthazwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo ilungu labasebenzi ukuza maxe- kangangexesha elithile, kwaye, Kakade ke, kufuneka indawo yokuhlala. Hotel Sretensky Monastery e Moscow osihloko sithi "Podushkin" ukulungiselela le njongo yaye injongo. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, ngowe-2012, ekwindla, wazibona sele embindini kwihlazo ngenxa yokuba uluhlu lweenkonzo, ngokutsho amapolisa, baba nolusenyongweni. ulwazi UmMeli Sretensky Monastery ebizwa lokusinyemba.