Yintoni ukwakhiwa bobhedu inepesenti. Iimpawu zaso, Izicelo

Bronze - an intsila le iintsimbi ezimbini. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi babantu, ukusuka Ushishino lweemoto ukuya design.

Yintoni Bronze?

Le nobhedu exutyiweyo kunye etotini. Kwakhona, kuba umenzi wayo, aluminiyam inokusetyenziswa endaweni yokugqibela, manganese, beryllium kunye nezinye izinto. Ukongeza, ukwakhiwa iqulethe ubumdaka ezahlukeneyo ngezixa ezincinane.

Kwakhona isekelwe phezu wadala yobhedu lobhedu, apho zinc iyasetyenziswa.

Kule mihla, kukho brand of ingxubevange, apho sisincoko eyahlukileyo. Bronze iintlobo iintlobo yahluke kakhulu. amagama ahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo.

Umbala ingxubevange luxhomekeke kwipesenti sobhedu nenkcenkce, ngawo iqulathe. Kunye nokunciphisa amanani ngokwanda yokuqala neyesibini kombala obomvu yaye ulahlekelwa iba mpunga.

Xa kuqala wabonakala yobhedu?

Le ingxubevange yaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kakhulu. Waqalisa ukwenza nokusebenzisa kakhulu ngaphambi yentsimbi. copper kuphela nebhekile ziqukiwe nokubunjwa kwayo. YeBronzi ixesha eziqulathwe akukho ukungcola. Ku kuqala malunga namawaka amahlanu eminyaka eyadlulayo, oko kukuthi, leminyaka III BC. e. Ixesha xa ukusetyenziswa kwale intsila kuthiwa - "Bronze Age". Wawuqala ndide leminyaka BC. e., oko kukuthi, de kube lelo xesha abantu bafunda ukuba ndikhuphe intsimbi.

Bronze isetyenziswa ngokubanzi lokuvelisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo, kuquka izacholo, imifanekiso, izixhobo kunye nempahla.

Bronze. Ukwakheka noSetyenziso

Ezenziwe kule umvuzo ingxubevange: iintonga, izixhobo, iipleyiti, kwakunye nazo zonke iintlobo ezinye iimveliso, ezifana umnatha, iibheringi, naziphi na iinkcukacha izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona zobhedu isetyenziswa zokwakha kunye bokwakha lokuvelisa ezikhumbuzo, izinto zokuhombisa. Ukongeza, le intsila ifumana isicelo yayo imibhobho - nto yenziweyo umbhobho.

Iqela loqobo alinjalo ngobhedu etotini. Ukusuka isihloko kucacile ukuba tin yenye iintsimbi isiseko ezakha. Ubhedu kule hlobo yahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini: omnye koxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwakunye ulahle esetyenziswa processing.

Libhekisela kuxinzelelo processing DP. OCS 4-4-2,5. Liquka tin kwi imali ukususela amathathu ekhulwini ezintlanu bakhokele (ukusuka kwi 1.5 ukuya 3.5 pesenti), izinc (ukususela emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu pesenti), kunye nentsimbi kancinane (0.05%). Yonke enye into - zezobhedu.

Eli qela kwakhona kubandakanya nokwakheka ngobhedu ebandakanya phakathi ezintandathu anesixhenxe ekhulwini nebhekile, 0.1-0.25 ekhulwini iphosphate kunye 0,02% zentsimbi kunye phambili efanayo. Le Br. PF 6,5-0,15.

Iqela elilandelayo - siwisa yobhedu. Kwezithako ngohlobo yesinyithi ezingaqukwanga kumafa yayo. Ubhedu kule hlobo isoloko isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto zobugcisa, izixhobo njalo-njalo. D.

Br. OTSS6-6-3 iqulathe ezintlanu ukuya asixhenxe ekhulwini nebhekile, zinc 5.5-6.8 ekhulwini ubhedu.

Nokwakheka Br. OTSSN3-7-5-1 ibandakanya 2.5-4.5 tin ekhulwini, 6.5-7.5 ekhulwini zinc, 4.6-5.4% kunye 0.8-1.2% of yepeyinti nickel.

Ngokufuthi, ngexesha lethu siye saqalisa ukubuyisela tin kunye nezinye ngesinyithi, kuba kutshiphu. aluminiyamu ezinjalo zenza elinye iqela.

Bronze, hayi equlethe tin kudla enasilela umgangatho. Ezo ntlobo zalo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini elishishina ngezithuthi kwaye efanayo.

aluminium bronze

Le but is amaninzi isebenza indawo etotini. mali lwalo ingxubevange kuba malunga ne-10 ekhulwini. Lobhedu, ukwakheka kunye neempawu ezithe zaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, yahlukile kancinane ukusuka aluminiyam. Kuyabiza kakhulu, njengoko ithini ukususela kumaxesha amandulo esetyenziselwa yokuba kuveliswe le intsila luneendleko ngaphezulu aluminiyam.

Noko ke, nangona kwakhona atshiphu, aluminiyam yobhedu usenalo amandla aphezulu, ukutyibilika izakhiwo. Ukususela enemikhono zakhe zenziwe ikakhulu iibheringi, amavili ndingumbungu, njalo njalo.

Uhlobo uqhelekileyo eli qela kukho Br yobhedu. AZHN10-4-4. nokubunjwa kwayo kuquka 9.5-11 aluminiyam ekhulwini, 3.5-5.5 ekhulwini manganese kunye nemali enye yentsimbi. Enye - copper.

beryllium bronze

Xa aluminiyamu ezinjalo ziqulathe malunga ezimbini beryllium ekhulwini.

Bakuzuze amandla aphezulu kanye nekuba ziye phantsi unyango ubushushu ekhethekileyo leyo eyenza igalelo iimpawu eziphathekayo. Isicelo yale bronzes sele izixhobo yokuvelisa, ezifana izando, zokutshweza kunye like. D.

electronic bronze

Eli qela aluminiyamu iquka yayo ekwakhiweni 3.2 ekhulwini lesilicon. Baya abanganyangekiyo umhlwa kunye neepropati eziwisela elungileyo.

Kolu hlobo tape eziphathekayo ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe, ucingo, iimveliso springy kunye like.

nickel bronze

Njengoko elimsulwa zakha nickel. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi mpawu ziphambili viscosity, enokumelana okuhle asidi kunye namaqondo aphezulu.

bronze patinated

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, kuqhelekile kakhulu yaye olu hlobo. patina yobhedu unika na isiphumo owalupheleyo kudlala indima zokuhombisa. Kodwa ngaphandle koko, oko sikhusela izinto umhlwa. patination indlela yale intsila uyafana blackening kobuchwepheshe zesilivere. Ngenxa yoko, le nkqubo siba mnyama sobhedu, ukwakhiwa kweengongoma ezahlukileyo ze nto leyo ayikatshintshi.

ubhedu

Ukwakhiwa yobhedu nobhedu na enye into ephambili efanayo - ingxenye ephambili lubhedu. Kubalulekile kwakhona ingxubevange esekelwe zibalulekileyo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kule ngentsimbi. Nakuba kunjalo, njengoko lo element yesibini, kule zinc meko iyasetyenziswa endaweni etotini. Kwakhona umnikelo wokudla additive imali encinane ngohlobo ilothe, intsimbi kunye lesilicon.

Nguwuphi additive uqulathwe igama lophawu ethile lobhedu, ziyalandeleka ukusuka zokuphawula, apho emva L unobumba (Oko kukuthi "zobhedu") wazisa esinye, umzekelo C (lead) kwi nokonyulwa LS59-1. Kule sinako ukuqonda ukuba ingxubevange iqulethe 59 lobhedu ekhulwini, 1 - lead-free, kwaye abanye - zinc.

Umbala yobhedu kunye neempawu zayo ixhomekeka ipesenti nesiqulatho ngobhedu. bomvu, qanda, emhlophe: Kukho amaqela amathathu omkhulu. Red iqulethe kumafa yayo engaphezulu kwe-80 pesenti sobhedu, olu hlobo ngobhedu ikwabizwa ngokuba "ngobhedu ebomvu". Isetyenziswa ezivelisa zizixwexwe.

Liyehla ipesenti ubhedu yellow - 40-80%. Oku ikakhulu kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa yezitshixo, iiseti zentloko, njengoko isetyenziswa kushishino ngomatshini.

White ubhedu lobeko iqulathe 20-40% zezobhedu. It ulula kakhulu, ngoko ke kuyilwa kuphela ngokwenza.