Inani labantu baseUdmurtia: inombolo kunye nobuninzi. Umthonyama wase-Udmurtia

Ngasemva kwee-Urals ngummandla oyingqayizivele kunye nenkcubeko yokuqala kunye nembali - i-Udmurtia. Abemi beli ndawo bahlahla namhlanje, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho isisongelo sokulahlekelwa yinto enjalo engavamile ye-anthropological njenge-Udmurts. Makhe sithethe ngeemeko apho abantu basekuhlaleni bahlala khona, zeziphi iimpawu zayo kunye nantoni na izibonakaliso zabantu belizwe.

Indawo yeendawo

Engxenyeni esempuma ye-Eurasia, emva kwesiqalo seNtaba ze-Ural, iRiphabliki yaseUdmurt ikhona. Ummandla umda kwiBashkiria, eTatarstan, esifundeni saseKrov kunye nesithili se-Perm. Indawo yeriphabliki yimitha engama-42 eekhilomitha ezili-square. Km, le ndawo ye-57 eRussia ngobukhulu bommandla. I-Udmurtia ifumaneka kwi-East Yurophu Plain, kwaye oku kuqinisekiswe yi-relief relief, ininzi iplati kunye nendawo encinci. Ummandla unotyebi kakhulu kwizibonelelo zamanzi, kukho iikhilomitha ezili-30 zeekhilomitha zemifula yamanzi aseKamsky neVasatsky. Ihlabathi le-Sod-podzolic linyusa kwiRiphablikhi , leyo, ngenxa yokuhlanjululwa kwinqanaba elivundileyo, lifuna umquba wokusetyenziswa kwezolimo. Inani labantu baseUdmurtia kangangeminyaka elide liye laguqulela indawo yalo kwaye lifunde ukukhupha izibonelelo eziphezulu kuyo. Ukufumaneka phantse kwiRashiya kwavumela i-republic ukuba ifumane indawo yayo kwezobudlelwane bezohwebo kunye nezothutho kwimimandla.

Imozulu

IRiphablikhi yaseUdmurt iphakathi kwiphondokazi, kude kakhulu ukusuka elwandle nolwandle, kwaye le nto yazimisela isimo semozulu - i-continental continental. Umlinganiselo wokushisa wonyaka wendawo kummandla we-1.5 degrees Celsius. Apha, ixesha lexesha eliqhelekileyo liyingxenye yecala laseRashiya. Ngebusika ebanda, ehlala malunga neenyanga ezi-5, kunye nehlobo elilumkileyo kwinyanga ehlobo. Inyanga efudumele kakhulu ngoJulayi, xa ikholam ye-thermometer iphakama ukuya kwi-degrees Celsius engama-19. Ubusika bufika phakathi noNovemba, ngexesha elinye liza kuqalwa isithwathwa sekhephu. Ebusika, ukushisa okuncinci kugcinwe rhoqo, i-thermometer ebusuku ingabonakalisa ngaphantsi kwe-25. Ihlobo liqala ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kwaye iphelile ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. NgoJulayi, umoya unokufudumala ukuya kuma-degrees angama-23. KwiRiphabliki apho kuya kuba nemvula eninzi-malunga ne-600 mm ngonyaka. Ixesha elibi kakhulu lihlobo nekwindla. Abemi baseUdmurtia bakholelwa ukuba kukho imozulu ephezulu apha - akukho ziqhwala ezinzima kunye nobushushu obushushu, ixesha lehlobo livumela ukuba lukhule luyimfuneko yokutya kwezityalo zezolimo.

Ulwahlulo lolawulo

Inani labantu baseUdmurtia bahlala kwizithili zolawulo ezi-25 nakwiidolophu ezi-5 ze-republican subordination. Indlunkulu yeRiphabhlikhi yiIzhevsk. Kwiimimandla zelizwe kukho iindawo zokuhlala zasemaphandleni ezingama-310 kunye nedolophu enye i-Kambarka. Isifundo ngasinye sommandla sinomphathi wayo, obika kwiNtloko yeRiphablikhi.

Inani labantu baseUdmurtia kunye neentlobo zaso

Ukususela ngo-1926 kuye kwaba nokubeka esweni rhoqo inani labemi. Emva koko e-Udmurtia yahlala abantu abangama-756. Kwixesha lamaSoviet iRiphabhulikhi yayilaphuka ngokukhawuleza, leyo eyakhokelela kwizinto ezinamandla zokuba nenani labemi. Ngomnyaka we-1941 bekukho i-1.1 yezigidi zabantu abahlala apha. Iminyaka yemfazwe ibangele ukuhla kweyabemi ukuya kwisigidi esisodwa. Kodwa kule minyaka ilandelayo, u-Udmurtia ukhula ngokukhawuleza nabahlali abatsha. Ngo-1993 kwakukho abemi abayizigidi ezili-1.624 kuloo mmandla. Iminyaka yokutshintshwa nokulungiswa kwezinto kuye kwazisa ubunzima obuninzi, kwaye i-Udmurtia iqalisa ukulahlekelwa ngabantu bayo. Kuze kube ngoku, iRiphabhlikhi ayikwazanga ukutshintsha ukuthambekela kokunciphisa inani labemi. Ngeli xesha, u-Udmurtia unabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.5.

Iimpawu zoluntu

I-Udmurtia iyindawo engabonakaliyo eRussia, apho ipesenteji yabemi abazibona bona amaRashiya aphantsi kunezinye izifundo. Inani labaRashiya apha li-62%, u-Udmurt - 28%, amaTatars - malunga ne-7% (ngokwe-2010 idatha). Izizwe ezisele zimelelwe ngamaqela angaphantsi kwe-1%.

Inani labantu baseUdmurtia lihluke kwiindawo ezininzi kunye nenkolo yalo. Abemi bomthonyama balapho babeziintlanga. Ngeli-13 nele-14 leminyaka, baxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-Islam. Ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-16, ukuqala kokuzama ukusasaza ubuKristu kumazwe kwaqala. Kwiinkulungwane ezingama-18-19 ii-Orthodoxy zafakwa ngokusemthethweni ngamanyathelo amapolisa. Abemi abazange babonise ukuchasana okubonakalayo, kodwa baqhubeka besithi ubuhedeni. Ngokufika kwamandla aseSoviet, intshutshiso yazo zonke iintlobo zonqulo ziqala, ezikhokelela ekuhoxisweni kwenkolo kwimihlaba yabemi belo mmandla. Ngokuqala kwe-perestroika, ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-national awareness-raising, kunye nexesha elinzima lokwenza uphando lwenkolo luqala. Namhlanje i-33% yabemi beeriphablikhi zizithetha ngokwazo njenge-Orthodox, i-29% zicinga ngokwabo ngokwamakholwa, kodwa ayikwazi ukugqiba inkolo, i-19% ayikholelwa kuThixo.

Amanani achaza malunga nokuzinza kwamathemba okuphuhlisa ummandla. Okokuqala, oku kuzalwa nokufa kwezinga. E-Udmurtia, izinga lokuzalwa liphuza kodwa likhula, kwaye izinga lokufa alitshintshi. Ubomi bexesha lobomi bukhula kancane kwaye luphakathi kweminyaka engama-70. Kwimimandla kukho ukufuduka okungenanto, oko kukuthi, ngokukhawuleza ilahlekelwa ngabemi bayo.

Abantu bomthonyama

Abantu basendulo baseUdmurts - isizwe sabantu base-Udmurtia - baqala ukukhankanywa kwi-annals yekhulu le-5 BC. Izizwe ezihlala kwintsimi phakathi kweVolga ne-Kama zathetha ulwimi lwasekhaya lweelwimi lwe-Finno-Ugric kwaye zidibanisa iinjenge zabantu abaninzi. Kodwa isiseko sokubunjwa kwama-ethnos saba yimihlaba, ezinye iintlanga zongezelela i-genotype kunye nenkcubeko ye-Udmurts. Namhlanje kwiRiphabhlikhi kukho umsebenzi omningi wokugcina nokugcina inkcubeko yesizwe. Abantu babefanele banyamezele ubunzima beentlekele, bancedisa ukwakha umlingiswa wesizwe, iimpawu eziphambili zokuzikhuthaza, ukuthozama, ukunyamezela, ukungenisa izihambi. Udmurts walondoloza ulwimi lwabo, izithethe ezahlukileyo kunye neengqungquthela. Udmurts isizwe sokucula. Imithwalo yengoma yomntu inkulu, ibonisa imbali kunye nembono yehlabathi yale ethnos.

Ukunyaniseka nokusabalaliswa kwabantu

Ummandla uneendawo ezingama-42 zeemitha ezili-square. I-Km, kwaye ubuninzi bemihlali yase-Udmurtia ngabantu abangama-36 kwi-square meter. Km. Ininzi ye-Udmurts ihlala kwizixeko-68%. Isixeko esikhulu kunazo zonke siyinhloko ye-Izhevsk, i-agglomeration yayo ihlala ngabantu abangaphezu kwamawaka angama-700, kunama-40% ebonke abantu balo mmandla. KwiRiphabhliki kukho ukuthambekela ekunciphiseni inani labemi basemaphandleni, okuyiyophawu lokuphazamisa uqoqosho.