umhlaba PODZOLIC kuchatshazelwa inkqubo podsolic. nangokuvela kwalo eliphezulu iboniswe ehlathini coniferous.

Kulapha iqulethe zonke iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze ndiye yayo: amanzi indlela yokugungxula, basabela - oluzinzileyo-asidi, bako asidi organic.

Inkunkuma zimelwe ikakhulu ifayibha, tannins kunye lignin, asabela wayo - asidi, kodwa calcium oxide kunye iqulethe ayanelanga. It ukubola ikakhulu umngundo, kwaye ikhuthaza ukuyilwa asidi ezonakalisayo fulvic. Ukongeza, umphantsi nomphezulu womhlaba boniswa ekuhlanjweni ngamandla ngaphandle iikhompawundi ezinyibilikayo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa sinzulu kwizimbiwa zomhlaba. Ngexesha lezi nkqubo kubenze iimveliso wentshabalalo kunye, kunye acid kunye namanzi eshiyelelweyo ngezantsi.

Ngenxa yoko - limi kolundi ngaphandle podzolic okanye eluvial apho encinane ibhetri yezityalo, sesquioxides ze-aluminiyam kunye nesinyithi, amasuntswana daka, kodwa ke crystalline zwi (SiO2) kunye dust amorphous (SiO2 • H2O), apho lo undi kanti ukukhanya kwayo umbala gray, Ufana umbala wentaba.

Ezinye izinto eziye nahlanjwa isibhakabhaka podsolic nezibi, ayinakutshintshwa ngezantsi maleko eluvial kwaye enze washout lé - umaleko illuvial. It has a lot of udongwe kunye amasuntswana colloidal of oxides zentsimbi kunye aluminiyam, iikhompawundi iphosphate kunye nabanye wamatye. Umbala yale kunina kuyinto idla bubomvu-mdaka.

A isixa esithile zezinto eziye yakuhlamba efikelela kuyo amanzi umhlaba ongaphantsi ilahlekile inkangeleko yomhlaba. Ngoko ke, eli yenkqubo podzolic esizibonakalisa ekutshatyalalisweni kwezimbiwa phezulu umhlaba phantsi kwempembelelo ukusabela acid kunye nokunikezelwa kwe-iimveliso yenkxwaleko yabo yonke iprofayili. Kananjalo Kukholelwa ukuba le nkqubo yenzeke nodibaniso lessivage (nokususwa kweemaleko zomhlaba eliphezulu kwamasuntswana odongwe ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa isakhiwo sabo).

umhlaba Podzolic kufuneka ngesakhiwo zilandelayo: A 2 O + A + B + C

A O - a inkunkuma, okusuka we-3 - 5 iisentimitha, equka iintsalela ngenxalenye ibolile kwaye undecomposed moss, ulele, iinaliti, amaqhekeza ixolo kunye like.

A-2 - yinto eluvial okanye umaleko podzolic yaba ezimhlophe okanye ezimhlophe-ndiyingwevu, ukuba isakhiwo ethe wakubo-platy okanye structureless zizonke, zenza akukho ngaphezu kwekota kwemitha.

B - is illuvial maleko kubomvu-mdaka okanye mdaka ashinyeneyo, ukuba isakhiwo prismatic okanye blocky, okusuka kwimitha enye, oko lungohlulwa lube subhorizons - B 1, B 2, njalo njalo.

C - liliwa umzali bubonakaliswe ubukhulu becala carbonate-ezamahala udongwe okanye obambe. Xa umda inkunkuma kunye kolundi podsolic na inokwabela umaleko A 0 A 1, okusuka ka-2 - 3 cm, kuqulethe emazantsi kakuhle kwezinto inkunkuma ibolile okanye bebala wamatye ephezulu umaleko bezimbiwa iprofayile A 1 A-2.

umhlaba Podzolic kwiipropati ukungaphatheki kakuhle ngenxa izilimo kuwo. Le wamatye ukuma akukho neze indlela - ngamandla asidi (pH = 4.0-4.5), umthamo wayo ukufunxeka - ukususela-3 ukuya ku-15 mg • eq / 100 grams zomhlaba, nto leyo mncinane kakhulu. Ukongeza, podzolic encinane okroqiweyo neziseko - ukususela-30 ukuya kuma-40%.

Nutrients ezifana phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen kunye nabanye nako ezincinane. umhlaba Podsolic structureless, ukuqubha emva ifomu imvula ikeyiki ngokwaneleyo ashinyeneyo emva omiswe. Konke oku kuba nefuthe elibi kwizityalo.

Kuba ukulinywa komhlaba ezinjalo, kufuneka limed, ukwenza imigangatho ephakamileyo zombini izichumiso organic nezimbiwa. Bayalima imihlaba podzolic kufuneka ubunzulu ngeesentimitha eziyi-24 nokuqinisekisa unyango kwabo ngokomthetho.