Reshevskiy uSamuweli - itshesi prodigy kwinkulungwane XX

Reshevsky uSamuweli - American chess nguGrandmaster ngokutsho International Itshesi Association, izihlandlo ezilishumi elinesihlanu wechess intshatsheli we-United States of America (1936-1944, 1946-1948, 1969-1972), omnye umceli-mngeni ezininzi isihloko ziintshatsheli zehlabathi kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XX, edume chess prodigy iplanethi.

Samuel Reshevsky: chess biography

Reshevsky wazalwa November 26, 1911 kwisixeko Ozorków (Poland), eyayifudula ifunyanwa kwi kummandla yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Samuel ros kwintsapho eqhelekileyo yamaYuda, apho yena umntwana wesithandathu. Ekubeni abaselula kakhulu, Reshevsky waqalisa ukufunda chess. Eneminyaka emibini ubudala, ngesibindi washukumisa iinyama kwi chess, edlala kunye noyise. Xa eneminyaka emine, ekugqibeleni kakuhle imithetho yomdlalo kunye bokuqonda ayo, ukuba lwisana abadlali yomeleleyo esixekweni. Xa intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Lodz, abaselula wechess iitalente USamuweli wabona ukuba yiGrandmaster odumileyo Polish Georg wamehlo. Ukususela ngoku, a prodigy encinane umntwana abaqeqeshiweyo kunye iinkosi kakhulu kwaye kuthatha ebonakalayo inxaxheba kukhuphiswano chess umzi.

Reshevsky bt kwi imeko ngamazwe kwenzeka iminyaka emithandathu, xa athe wafumana ithuba lokuba athathe inxaxheba kwitumente chess eVienna (Austria). USamuweli angi ezo iinkosi ihlabathi inamandla kunye imvakalelo ezicacileyo wahlala etafileni chess, siqinisekile woloyiso. Noko ke, ingcamango yokuba ukungaphumeleli inkwenkwana nangoko yaba umsindo nangokudubadubeka - usana ibethe umdlali ngamnye. Enye nxaxheba sale tumente - le chess inkosi womeleleyo Vienna Wolf evuthayo umoya zokulwa, efuna ukuba ukubetha nkwenkwe. Phambi kokuba umdlalo kunye Reshevsky wathi: "Olu hlobo lokukhohlisa kum akasayi ukusebenza!"; Ke yena wafumana naye ngokwakhe ngaphandle umsebenzi - ngokuzithemba inkwenkwe naye ukumkani wakhe. chess elandelayo iimviwo lilunge nguGrandmaster Slovenian Milan Vidmar, apho combat enzima emithandathu USamuweli boyiswa. Le nkwenkwe walwa ngesidima iiyure ezimbalwa, yonke iqela, wema phezu ngamadolo akhe, ngenxa yokuba ngenxa yokukhula kwayo lisephantsi nako ukuhlala ngokupheleleyo etafileni chess.

Samuel Reshevsky: chess prodigy

Ukunika lonke ixesha lokudlala yakhe free, lo mfana akazange afumane imfundo yesikolo, yena na enasilela ngokucacileyo kwinkangeleko ngokwasengqondweni noontanga babo. Xa wayeneminyaka esibhozo ubudala, uSamuweli wegqitha uvavanyo General Education Children, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba umntwana akafuni ukubona umahluko phakathi igorila kunye nengonyama. Zonke ezi ntsilelo zaye zincitshiswe yokuba Reshevsky, ngoxa umntwana omncinci lula ukusombulula iphazili enzima, nto leyo kukodwa nokuba abathile abadala. Ngokubambisana chess italente, ngaphandle Ekugudeni okungeyomfuneko ukuzenzisa, oko wayebizwa mihla.

Ukukhumbula ebuntwaneni bakhe, uSamuweli Reshevsky ababesithi ubudala wechess emithandathu ukuba abe uhlobo impefumlo ebalulekileyo, kunokwenzeka kwinqanaba reflex ngaphandle imfuneko umzamo oqotho.

udumo Early ngamazwe kaSamuweli Reshevsky

Chess umntwana italente phambili ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye sele ngo-1920 Reshevskiy uSamuweli kokwenza ukhenketho ehlabathini, itshesi. ngonyaka Nine indoda endala akwazi ukubonisa izakhono zabo chess e Paris, eLondon, Vienna kunye Berlin. Kwidolophu nganye, uSamuweli waba liqhawe yokwenene, lwisana iqela zizimvi elineentshebe. Ndididekile ababukeli kunye amaqashiso italente entsha ihlombe nehlombe. Sonke akaphenduli enqwondweni yam, ukuba umdlali omncinane uyakwazi ukubetha iinkosi kunye grandmasters zehlabathi. Ngexesha "chess" zokuhamba Reshevsky uSamuweli wachitha 23 imidlalo, 4 kuzo lwaphela draw, kunye nabanye a loyiso ukudilika.

Umntwana oneminyaka esibhozo-nxamnye inkampani abanamava iingcali ze wechess

Okwenzeka inkqubela ye Sammy, abazali baqala ukuqonda ukuba iitalente yomntwana enokuzisa usapho imali eninzi. Ngowe-1921 intsapho wafudukela US, apho ngokukhawuleza kakhulu abazali ukulungiselela ukhenketho chess kweli lizwe. Malunga neminyaka emibini Reshevsky uya kwizixeko US yaye ingqina ukuba akukho olulinganayo chess. Omnye Sammy yaba ithuba ukudlala nxamnye wabadlali ababalaseleyo kweli Military Academy, apho akugqala bevuyelela 19 kwiibhetshi imidlalo 20 edlalwa.

Ukongeza, i mihla umntwana yabamba imiboniso ngaxeshanye ezinkundleni kunye ezineevenkile kumazwe amaninzi. Ngowe-1922, le nkwenkwe uthatha inxaxheba Masters tumente, leyo alwa GM Davidom Yanovskim, umdlalo yaphela ngumnqobi Reshevsky.

Ixesha lokuphuma kwentshukumo ye imfundo

Emva kokugqiba uhambo, ichess abazali uSamuweli, weyiseka ukuba kufuneka bafumane imfundo yamabanga aphezulu - umntwana oneminyaka eli-12 ubudala okokuqala uya esikolweni. Apho ufunda ukufunda nokubhala, yababephethwe nokubhala jikelele. Ngeli ekuqeqesheni mfo akuthethi ukuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano itshesi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kukuzibophelela simul. Chess uluntu umzuzwana ulibala misebenzi yakhe.

Sammy ukhumbuza yena ngo-1927 ngokuthatha inxaxheba chess ubuntshatsheli yaseWest Coast yaseUnited States. Lo mfo iye kwakhona zonke wabethwa! USamuweli weza Sizingce ngaphandle ukoyiswa kunye draw. Ngowe-1929 waba umfundi Reshevsky Economic University e Detroit, apho wafumana isidanga "Accounting". Apha iphela ibali prodigy - Reshevsky USamuweli uyakhula wechess.