Imisebenzi Zhukovsky esithi: uluhlu

Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky igqalwa wabaseki Romanticism in Russian. Kungenxa yoko le nto komsebenzi wakhe ubeke ingxaki yehlabathi wangaphakathi. Njengokuba athi ngaye merit Belinsky Zhukovsky gqitha - wanika 'intliziyo umphefumlo "kwimibongo Russian.

imisebenzi Zhukovsky siqwalasele iimvakalelo engaphakathi hero, iimvakalelo kunye abali- umntu oqhelekileyo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni imbongi kwakufuneka ukoyisa style ephakamileyo classicists wabhala ababengaphambi kwakhe. imisebenzi Ulwimi baba ngakumbi ngokweemvakalelo, aphilileyo, wayithumela bokuqonda ezahlukeneyo kwengqondo. Oku kuquka phraseology nokuthetha.

Imvelaphi imbongi

Imbongi wazalelwa January 29, 1783 kumda Oryol, ukulungela ukusebenza kunye Tula amaphondo, kwidolophana Mishenskoe. Yena unyana ongumgqakhwe ka enomhlaba, Athanasius Ivanovich Bunin nabafazi Turkish, nto leyo 1770 Russian echaziweyo aphume ka Bender.

Imbongi Ifani elizayo evela kumzala wakhe, Andrei Ivanovich Zhukovsky, ompofu sasePoland, owayehlala kwilifa Bunin, lowo wamkela lo mfana. Ngaloo ndlela wakuphepha imo nemigqakhwe.

imisebenzi Zhukovsky kaThixo (uluhlu)

Imbongi wabhala kakhulu, ngoko Uwole umsebenzi wakhe kwinqaku enye, kuba nzima kakhulu. Noko ke, simele sinikele na imisebenzi ezinkulu Zhukovsky (uluhlu ngokulandelelanayo).

1. "May Morning" (1797).
2. "Iingcinga engcwabeni" (1797).
3. "Rural Amangcwaba" (1802).
4. "Hosi" (1806).
5. "Ludmila" (1808).
6. "USvetlana" (1812).
7. "Singer enkampini yamajoni Russian" (1812).
8. "Aeolian UHadi" (1814).
9. "Obala" (1819).
10. "Tsarskoye Selo Swan" (1851).
11. "Ezulazulayo umYuda" (iminyaka 1851-1852).

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi malunga ngemveliso nganye, bona ngezantsi.

Ulutsha kunye nomsebenzi ekuqaleni

Nakuba kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala ukufunda kwisikolo esinaleni, sise kwiYunivesithi Moscow, Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich, ogama imisebenzi siya ukuhlalutya, wadala nemibongo yakhe yokuqala. Okubaluleke kakhulu impumelelo yakhe ngexesha kuthathwa ukuba: umbongo "Meyi Morning" kunye nomsebenzi ukubhala "Iingcinga engcwabeni," ebhalwe 1797. Lo mbongo "May Morning" buqala umoya classicism: "Belorumyana isifingo liphuma ...". uhlobo womfanekiso uchazwe abstract, akunjalo. Ukusebenzisa isigama eliphezulu ( "Ubuso"), mifologizm ( "uFibhi"), izichazi ezimbaxa ( "belorumyana"). Noko ke, kule migca ilandelayo kukho imvakalelo yobukrakra kunye nelahleko kwentliziyo. Kugudiswa asebenze ngomoya sentimentalism: "Ubomi, umhlobo wam, enzonzobileni iinyembezi nokubandezeleka ...".

"Rural Amangcwaba"

imisebenzi bokuqala Vasily Zhukovsky abhalwe rhoqo kwi uhlobo elegy. Karamzin, lo gama umbhali odumileyo Russian, wayengumhlobo wembongi kunye notitshala. Yaba nguye lowo wacela Zhukovsky ukwazisana yemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala enkulu - i elegy "Rural Amangcwaba", translation elegy Thomas Grey, IsiNgesi imbongi. Karamzin lamkele lo msebenzi yaye uphumelele ukuba 1802 luyiguqule elegy yapapashwa "Journal of eYurophu", abashicileli ngelo xesha, yena. Eyona Isihloko imisebenzi - intsingiselo yobomi, yaye ubudlelwane bomntu kunye nehlabathi ngaphandle. Elegy yakhiwe njenge ngumfanekiso wembongi, ebangelwe Eyokuqiqa ka emadlakeni lali. Engqondweni imbongi ngokuzenzekelayo kuvela imibuzo ukuba uzama ukuphendula. Ayavumelana yi uluvo olufanayo transience ubomi kunye izenzakalo isiphelo. Le mbongi angathanda ukuba "abanokuzityand ka uThamsanqa isithebe," yaye abo basebenza nzima ukuze ezilungileyo zelizwe.

"Evening"

Kamva, akufika imisebenzi yokuqala yokuqala ka Zhukovsky, ezifana elegy "Hosi", ebhalwe 1806. Nangona imbongi xa ngesandla ngokwakhe angekayazi eyona nto ngokupheleleyo, ebetha imvisiswano ulwimi elegy zomculo. Isihloko "Hosi" - intsingiselo yobomi, ikamva kwabantu. Izinto eziphambili ebomini, ngokutsho wembongi, uthando kunye nobuhlobo, ubuhle bendalo. Kule elegy nangoku lwavela isithethe zakudala: kusetyenziswa mifologizm ( "Bacchus", "Zephyr", "Alpine", "Minvana") kunye Slavonicisms ( "e Brega," "Zlata", "oratai" et al.).

"Don Quixote", amanqaku abalulekileyo

imisebenzi Zhukovsky ngayo abantwana elivulekayo wabonakala ngo 1804, ngolokuqala nemiqulu ezintandathu inguqulelo ingawenzi Don Quixote, "nayo leyo iphawulwe intetho emnandi ulwimi live Russian.

Ngowe-1808, Zhukovsky (ndimdala nje 25) waba umhleli oyintloko "Bulletin of Europe", ekuziseni Karamzin. Kwangaxeshanye, kuba nzima kakhulu, abhale amabali, ncomo, imibongo, izincoko ezibalulekileyo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo imbongi uthetha romanticism njengoko kwicala ozimeleyo kwiincwadi Russian elitsha. imithetho Classic ku Romanticism awasasebenzi, kufuneka zivavanywe ngokwe "ukulingana" yaye "congruity" ukungcamla, ehambelanayo zobugcisa.

"Lyudmila"

imisebenzi genre Zhukovsky kaThixo elegies yayingengobantu. Ngowe-1808 wapapasha le ballad wokuqala - "Lyudmila", nto leyo inguqulelo simahla ngendalo G. Burger, Imbongi yaseJamani. Lo msebenzi kuthatha umfundi abangayazi ehlabathini phesheya, kusabeka kunye elinesoya ngexesha elifanayo. Ngesakhiwo kuthatha umfundi kumaXesha Aphakathi, ngexesha Livonian War of kwiinkulungwane 16-17. Umlinganiswa oyintloko, Lyudmila, elinde intanda yakhe ukusuka edabini kunye, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba, iqalisa ukuba nisikrokrele kwekamva. Umama uzama kumthuthuzela, esithi "Paradise - umvuzo ophantsi, esihogweni - iintliziyo abaziinjubaqa", azibize ukuba bathobele emazulwini. Noko ke, Lyudmila ukholo, yaye uba eninzi esihogweni endaweni nemivuzo elindelekileyo.

"USvetlana"

Imveliso "USvetlana" (Zhukovsky) - oku ke ballad yokuqala, leyo lwaluquka ukubhiyozelwa Russian kunye neenkolelo.

Le meko yalo isithuba, njengoko kuthelekiswa "Ludmilla", bevuya, eqaqambileyo. Le ballad efakiwe iimpawu lwemveli Russian - iingoma podblyudnyh namabinzana ( "nabakhandi Skuy mna Zlat, sithsaba sam entsha", "ubuhle bam", "podruzhenka," "uvuyo, Ukukhanya kwamehlo am," "Crazy Ukukhanya" kunye nabanye.). USvetlana ulindele ukuba umyeni, kodwa, ngokungafaniyo Ludmila lihlangana kuye.

"Aeolian UHadi"

imisebenzi Romantic Zhukovsky waqhubeka indalo "Aeolian UHadi" (1814). It ngokulungelelanisiweyo idibanisa ballad kunye nemibongo lyric. Uhlalutyo yomsebenzi of Zhukovsky wacebisa Belinsky, ngokwembono yakhe, kwi ballad "yagxila yonke le ngongoma, yonke -ngomtsalane esimnandi Zhukovsky romance." Heroine akafi, kwaye uya enye ihlabathi, apho uzibandakanya ekugqibeleni kunye nesithandwa sakhe. Dvoemiriya motif ugcwele imisebenzi emininzi adumileyo Zhukovsky, batyhutyha wonke umsebenzi wakhe.

"Singer kule nkampu ..."

War Patriotic ka 1812 ababa nalo unyaka ukuba abangele impendulo kwi intliziyo wembongi, ngubani wayeqhelene ngamehlo - Zhukovsky yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo neemeko isikhundla uLieutenant, uyawalwela lokhokho. Iziganeko elo xesha eyayinikelwe ukusebenza, "Singer enkampini ngamajoni Russian", apho umxholo wokuthand uva nzima, kuba yonke into edibene kumava yombhali. Inxalenye ephambili umsebenzi obhalwayo ngaphambili, ngaphambi kwemfazwe Tarutino. Imbongi uyayibonga isibindi kunye nanobukroti nabantu Russian, ubuqhawe yabo nenkalipho xa phambi kotshaba. Ebonakala apha emisiweyo ulwimi odic, sublime, sebenzisa Slavonicisms, ezifana "host", "host", "CE", "ubona", "ntsho", kunye nabanye. Umsebenzi ibhalwe indibanisela trehstopnogo kunye tetrameter iambic, nto leyo engaqhelekanga ngelo xesha, ibe ode kule kuphela ebhaliweyo tetrameter iambic.

"Obala"

Emva kokufa Mashi Protasovoy, ondithandayo Ndithelekelele, apho imbongi ujoyine ebomini njengoko unina wentombi nokumbetha umtshato wabo, Zhukovsky uqala kakhulu ukuba bacinge malunga umthunzi ongunaphakade, wasezulwini, yaye kukho eyimfihlakalo bayakunceda zonqulo kwimibongo. Imisebenzi kuqine kancinci, maxa wambi imbongi akavumi kwaye ukusuka senze izinto ozithandayo zesimbo, kwaye isicengcelezo. Iyaphalala "iimvakalelo kwemfuneko kunzima 'ukuba wazama ukudlulisela kulo mbongo" kunzima "(1819):

"Yonke yobukhulu phakathi uxinano impefumlo eyodwa;
Kwaye kuphela cwaka yenza kucace. "

Iinguqulelo 20-30th.

In imi--20-30. imbongi kudala iibhaladi ezintsha iinguqulelo. Izifundo yena iboleka evela Goethe ( "Iintaka"), Schiller ( "Knight Togenburg", "Cup"), Scott ( "Castle Smeagolm okanye ivanov Hosi") kunye nezinye ziimbongi. Zhukovsky kuthetha ukuba "I Lay of Igor", "ibanjwa Shinonsky" Byron (1818-1822), "Ntombi of Orleans" Schiller kunye Goethe unomdla, naye wakwazi ukudibana buqu ngo-1821, xa imbongi kuqala wenza uhambo aphesheya.

imisebenzi zakutshanje Zhukovsky

iibhaladi zakutsha Zhukovsky na iinguqulelo yemibongo "uRustam and Zohrab" kunye "ezingo- kunye Damayanti", apho ke ibonakalisa ingunaphakade. Ezi iibhaladi isandi mihla kakhulu, ekubeni le vesi ebhaliweyo simahla nokubandakanya imixholo ephazamisayo. Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich, imisebenzi kwakungekho original ngaphantsi yakhe, ngokufuthi eboleka mibala kunye nemixholo ezivela abalobi angaphandle.

Kuphela eneminyaka engama-58, ngo-1841, imbongi ekugqibeleni wafumana intsapho ngokutshata Elizabeth Reitern. Noko ke, emva komtshato, uElizabhete wagula, kwaye usapho ukuba uqeqesho yempilo baya eJamani. Apha Zhukovsky egula, kodwa waqhubeka ukusebenza.

Ngowe-1851, Zhukovsky wabhala elegy "Tsarskoye Selo Swan", ophela nge kokufa dada, kanye wahlala Tsarskoye Selo. Lo msebenzi ngokusebenzisa ngokuphila, allegorically, kodwa ngokunyanisekileyo kakhulu ubalisa ibali ukufa kabuhlungu wembongi, wasinda ixesha lakhe kwaye yena.

Kulo nyaka mnye ukuba ambhalele (njengoko ukubamba ipeni abakwazanga) kumbongo wakhe wokugqibela "I Ezulazulayo umYuda", japan yavivshuyusya yokuqala yomsebenzi yonke lombhali. Ngelishwa, wahlala phahla.

April 12, 1852 Zhukovsky wafa kwidolophu German ka Baden-Baden.

beza imisebenzi Zhukovsky ukusuka xesha iintshukumo yamandulo noncwadi wesithathu yokuqala kwenkulungwane ye-19, baye basabela eliqela imiba ngokucinezelwa ixesha waza wabanika amandla okuqhubela kuphuhliso uncwadi kwicala elitsha - ngendlela yothando.