Imifanekiso ye-Zlatoust kwi-iron: iteknoloji, imbali

I-Zlatoust yidolophana encinane kwingingqi yaseChelyabinsk enabantu abangaphantsi kwamawaka angamawaka amabini abantu. Uyaziwa kakhulu kwiingcali, ubugcisa kunye nabaqokeleli bensimbi ebandayo kwiindawo ezininzi emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuzukiswa kweso sixeko kwazisa umbala obunqabileyo obunqwenelekayo onobugcisa obunobuncwane, obunemveliso yensimbi esemgangathweni. AmaTyars, abaNobhala-Jikelele beCPS Central Central kunye nabaPhathiswa beRussia Federation bahambisa iimveliso zabaphathi be-Ural ngokuxabisa kakhulu kubahlobo babo bezinye izizwe.

Imifanekiso ye-Zlatoust ihlobisa izixhobo ezibandayo kunye nempahla yeekhaya kunye nezinto - ii-caskets, iimeko ze-cigaretti, izixhobo zokubhala, ukubhalwa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa ekuveliseni izinto zokunqula - izikhetho, izibane, izilwanyana kunye neempawu zeempawu. AmaMedali, iimali, izitya zezemidlalo nazo ziqhamo zokubhala.

Iingalo ezinobumba njengombandela wobukhulu

Zlatoust - isixeko apho bayazi khona ingongoma.

Izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zenzelwe ukwenza imisebenzi emibini.

Iyokuqala ikulungele xa isetyenziselwa injongo yayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba isinyithi kufuneka kube lula ukugaya kunye nokulungisa, ixesha elide ukugcina elibukhali, ukuba linyanzele, lomelele, luguquguquke ngokulinganisela kwaye lungabonakali. Isibonda kunye ne-scabbard-inqaku elihlukile. Kwimizekelo emihle kakhulu yezixhobo, i-hilt inee-curvature eziphinda isakhiwo se-anatomical yesandla, kwaye, njengokuba kunjalo, ukwandiswa kwesandla kwesandla. I-Sheath, ngokulandelanayo, kukuqhubekwa kwecala. Ukubalwa ngokuchanekileyo nokufezekiswa, ababanamathele kwiingubo, kungeyona inzima kakhulu, kungekho nzima kwaye bangabi phantsi. Ubude, ukuma, ukugoba, ubukhulu becala - yonke into ibalulekileyo.

Okwesibini ibalulekileyo. Ngendlela indlela i-blade ibheka ngayo, kuyinto yesiko ukugweba isithunzi somnikazi wayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isisombululo kunye nesigweba sabantu abahloniphekileyo zihlotswe ngamatye anqabileyo, igolide kunye nesilivere, imidwebo kunye nemibhalo.

Imijelo ye-Zlatoust namhlanje, njengaphambili, ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zomgangatho. Amagosa angama-addicters adumile aqhubeka enza kwiindibano zocweyo zedolophu encinci yase-Urals.

Ukwenziwa kwee-Zlatoust

Ekuveleni kwanoma yiphi into yobugcisa, zonke izigaba zibalulekile. Ayikho i-exception kunye ne-Zlatoust engraving on steel. I-teknoloji yemveliso ayikho imfihlo. Kwiilayibrari ungafumana iinkcukacha kwiinkalo zonke. Iingqungquthela zesalathisi zetsimbi, iifomula ze-asidi ze-etching kunye ne-varnishes nazo ziyafumaneka. Ubugcisa bokudweba bufundiswa kwiSebe laseZlatoust leYunivesithi yaseUral State. Ukususela ngo-1996, nabani na onokufaka isicelo sokuba ukhethekileyo "I-teknoloji yokucwangciswa kwezinto zobugcisa."

Nangona kunjalo, ubugcisa bokwenene bobugcisa abuyiyo kuphela inqubo. Akuyona ingozi nje kuphela inxalenye encinci yamakhosi ekusebenzeni kwiimyuziyam kunye nokufumana amabhaso kwimincintiswano yehlabathi. UChrysostom unokuziqhayisa.

IiMyuziyamu ze-Great Britain kunye neJamani ziziqhenyce ngokuqokelela kweemveliso zensimbi ezenziwe nguMenzi weZlatoust. Iyintoni imfihlelo yolu thandwa? Inyaniso yokuba abenzi beengingqi banabo bonke ubuchule bokusebenza ngesinyithi, kwaye oku kukutshutshisa, kunye nokukhangela, kunye nokuqhaqha, kunye nokumnyama, kunye ne-electroforming, kunye ne-taushirovanie. Kwithuba elithile ngoku, ukubethelwa ngamatye kuye kwongezwa, kuba kwiimpawu ze-Ural kukho izinto ezintle kakhulu zangaphakathi. Imizobo emininzi kunye nelayini elityebileyo, elenziwe ngenyameko kunye nokugcinwa kwemasiko endala, ihlala ifunwa. Ukongeza, imbali yokudweba yimbali yefomu yobugcisa eguqukayo. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwada kwada kwangoku i-Masral masters ayiyeki ukufunda. Ibhanki yeehagu yezobugcisa zetsimbi eqhubekayo iyazaliswa namhlanje.

Ukuvela kokuloba

Ngo-1754, kwii-Urals, kwintlambo yoMlambo wase-Ai, uMyalelo ophezulu kunazo zonke zobukhosi bakhe ubuyalelwe ukuba bakhe i-factory factory making. I dolophu eyakhula ecaleni kwayo yabizwa ngoSt. John Chrysostom.

Ukuhlelwa kwemveliso ngowe-1815 evela eJamani, evela kumveliso weSolingen, abavakalisi abalungileyo bamenywa-uyise kunye nendodana kaShafa, kunye neminyaka emithathu kamva uMbusi woMlawuli wayekwazi ukubona iziqhamo zemisebenzi yabo-i-batch yokuqala yamacandelo ayishumi elinesithoba adluliselwe kwi-capital. Ndiyithandile umsebenzi kwaye ndafumana imvume ephezulu.

Ngaphandle kweShafi kunye phantsi kolawulo lwazo, abanamakhono abanamakhono abanobuchule baseMelika bafundele imveliso entsha. Amagama abo ahlala emlandweni njengamagama wabasunguli bendlela yonke yobugcisa, eyaziwa njengombala obhalwe kwintsimbi. Aba nguEfim no-Ivan Bushuyev, uMaxim, uFedor noPeter Telezhnikov, u-Archip Lepeshkov, u-Fedor Strizhev, u-Ivan Boyarshinov nabanye.

I-Shafi ngabantu abalandeli bezithethe zakudala zaseJamani. Bayazi kakuhle ukuba i-engraving efanelekileyo ibonakala ngathi. Inkcazo yemimiselo yomgangatho iya kuthatha iphepha elingaphezulu kwelilodwa. Kancinci, umzobo ufanele ufanane nemizekelo engcono kakhulu yamagosa kaSolenen - ube mncinci, uphawule kunye ne-monochrome. Kwangexesha elide uShafi akazange avumele abantu basekuhlaleni ukuba basebenzise izimvo zabo ngokwenza. Iipatheni kwisitya sensimbi zaseJamani zanyanyiswa ngenaliti. Ukufakwa kwento kwakusetyenziselwa kuphela njengendlela yokugqibela yonyango. Izixhobo zaseJamani zaziwa ngokubunzima kwabo nobuqhetseba. Imidwebo yayincinci kwaye ichanekile. Amabali aphindaphindiwe kwinqanaba elithile.

AmaJamani ayehlala ngokwahlukileyo kwiindawo zokuhlala kwaye akazange afune ukudibana nabantu abasemakhaya. Basebenza ngokufanelekileyo, babenobungane, kodwa emsebenzini babengaziboni kwaye baxhamla ngolwazi lwabo ngolwazi.

Imizobo yeZlatoust yeso sihlandlo kulula ukuqonda ukubhala. Isalathisi sibekwe kwisigxina kunye nesibambo. Imigca yancinci, intle, umzobo awunzulu, ukugxininisa kakhulu kukudweba iinkcukacha.

Impawu zesitayela saseRashiya

Abafundi, ngaphezu kwezo mifanekiso uShafov bafunde, baqala ukubonisa iziganeko ezivela kwimikhosi kunye nobomi bezobuzwe belizwe labo basekhaya, izifundo zamatyala - abayikwesaba ukubonisa iingcamango nokukhetha iindlela zokubhala. Ubume bemveli kunye nezilwanyana zase-Urals nazo zifakwe kwimidwebo yazo. Abaphathi baseRashiya baye babalalisa ootitshala babo ngeendlela ezininzi. Bafunda indlela yokusebenzisa umgca ukuvelisa imibala eyahlukeneyo kunye nemithunzi. Ukutshintsha ukubunjwa kwe-asidi kunye nexesha lokuphendula kwamakhemikhali, bafumana iziphumo ezimangalisayo. Ezandleni zabo i-Zlatoust imimese yajika yaba yimisebenzi ekhethekileyo yobugcisa obuphezulu, abangenamahloni okuza kuboniswa ookumkani.

Ivanko-krylatko

Ukuvela kwindlela ekhethekileyo yobuciko idla ngokuhambisana negama likaIvan Bushuev. Wakhulela kwintsapho yeenqwelo zobuncwane. Wafunda ukudweba kubantu bakubo. Kwii-Urals, i-steelmaking iye yafundiswa ixesha elide. Iifayili zaseDemidov zibethelwa i-ore, zityilise i- damask yazo , zenza izixhobo. Ngethuba lwakhiwo i-Zlatoust factory, izithethe zokusebenza ngesinyithi zazakheka ngokupheleleyo. Ivan Bushuyev - igama elidumileyo kwiZlatoust. Wayeyindoda enezakhono kunye nokusebenza nzima. Inkosi yase-Ural idibene nolwazi kunye nezakhono ezifunyenwe kumanye amazwe kunye nesitayela saseJamani sokubhala. Wayengumongameli ngokwemigangatho yokuhlobisa. U-Sam wenza iingxowa kwaye wabeka imidwebo kubo. Imisebenzi yakhe igcinwe kwiComputer Chamber yaseMoscow Kremlin. U-Pavel Bazhov akazange afake igama lika-master kwi-athi "Ivanko-krylatko". Ihashe elidumile elinamaphiko, isimboli seCrysostom, ngumrhumo kwimemori kunye nentlonipho.

U-Ivan Bushuyev wayenengqiqo efihlakeleyo yeqondo, ngokuqinisekileyo wagcinwa ubukhulu. Indlela yakhe iyaqaphela ngokupheleleyo. Abalingiswa baseBushuyevsky abangekho static, njengamaJamani. Kubantu bakhe, izilo - ubomi, ukunyakaza. Akunangqondo nje ukuba ingubo yeengalo zeZlatoust yihashe legolide elinamaphiko eliqhubela umoya. Kwimifanekiso yeehashe ze-Ivan Bushuyev zihlala zikhona. Ngokuguqula ikhanda, isikhundla sendawo, imilenze, umsila, kunye neendlebe, kulula ukucacisa ukuba isilwanyana, esimele umculi, sivakalelwa njani. Ngaba ingelosi yayiqhuba isandla senkosi xa yayibambe inaliti, ityhola i-lacquer?

Ukuvutha komlilo

U-Ivan Busuyev akazange alondoloze ixesha okanye amandla ukwenza ukuqoshwa. Waye waqulunqa indlela yakhe yokuhlobisa izinto ngegolide.

Inkosi yayiyazi iteknoloji kwaye yayikwazi ukwenza amaqonga kuzo zonke izigaba, ngokuqala ngokuhlukana kwe-ore. Wayeyazi ukuba ubuqhetseba be-smelting industry, wayesazi indlela yokwenza isinyithi, ukwenza i-lacquers kunye nemixube ye-grazing, kodwa ininzi yazo yonke i-Ivan yayiyithanda ubugcisa bokudweba. Yena ngokwakhe wenyuka ngamabali, wawadonsa ephepheni, wanciphisa ubukhulu obuchanekileyo, walungisa ipuleti waza wenza umzobo kuwo. Ukulungiswa kwemveliso yokudweba kwakuqulethwe ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokusebenzisa i-varnish. Emva koko, usebenzisa itotshi yeoli, ummese okanye i-scabbard yayigutyungwe ngqongquthela. Emva koko le nto yayicaciswa kwisigxina kwaye yadala umfanekiso. Ukuba konke kusebenze kakuhle, kwaye isalathisi sifanelekile kwindawo esicacileyo yomkhiqizo, ngoko kwakunokwenzeka ukuqhubela phambili kwinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi. Ipeyinti ebusweni obumnyama bomgca wokudweba wancenga inaliti, ususe i-varnish kwisinyithi. Emva koko, wachitheka igolide kwi-mercury waza wayifaka kwisikhumba esincinci se-suede. Into eqoshiwe yayiphelelwe ubushushu obuphezulu kwaye iholwa yi-calcite ecaleni lomlilo. I-Mercury ikhuphuke, kwaye igolide elicwengekileyo iyancibilika kwisinyithi. Ukucoca umtya okanye u-Bushuyev uhlambulukileyo we-varnish. Oku kusebenza nzima. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-etching. Ngokuxhomekeke ekubunjweni kwe-asidi, umthunzi ohlukileyo wombala uhlale kwisitye ngaphezu kwesiseko sesimbi.

I-mercury vapor ekhutshwe ngexesha lokufudumeza inobungozi kwimpilo. Abambalwa beemifanekiso zecala elikhuni behlala iminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala. U-Ivan Bushuev wasweleka ngo-1835. Wayeneminyaka engama-37 ubudala.

Imisebenzi edumile

Imisebenzi yabaphathi beZlatoust abanomdla omkhulu kungekhona kwindlela yokujonga ubugcisa, kodwa njengemibhalo yembali. Amabini amabini, eyenziwe kwikota yokuqala yekhulu le-19, agcinwa. Bathwala imidwebo emfutshane esichaza izigaba zomsebenzi obangela ukubonakala kwesi sifundo. Oku kukukhutshwa kwe-ore, kunye nokuqhaqha isinyithi, kunye nokubunjwa, nokufakela, kunye nokudweba, nokunikezelwa kukumkani, nokunikezela kwiqhawe. Iibhanqa zifana kakhulu. Kuyabonakala ukuba zenziwe ngabaphathi besinye isikolo, kodwa kwelinye sibona iintsana ezifana neengelosi, nakwezinye - abadala abadala. Imifanekiso yokudala ye-Zlatoust i-antiques, ebiza kakhulu, ingakumbi ekucingeni ukuba ngelo xesha abaphathi babesebenza ngegolide, isiliva kunye namatye anqabileyo. Kwiimfuno zentsapho yasebukhosini kwiindibano zocweyo zefektri yeZlatoust, izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo zazilawulwa rhoqo, kungekhona nje izixhobo. Inkulu Prince Prince Alexander, indlalifa yetrone yaseRashiya, u-Ivan Bushuev kunye neqela labanqwenela benza izixhobo ezinjengexesha eliphakathi. Into eyingqayizivele inokubonwa kwenye yeehholo zemyuziyam ye-Zlatoust yasekhaya.

UPavel Petrovich Anosov

Ukuqoshwa kweZlatoust, njengomsebenzi wesizwe waseRussia, kubangelwa yimisebenzi kaPavel Petrovich Anosov. Lo mntu uye waba nempembelelo enkulu kungekhona kuphela ekubunjweni nasekukhuthazweni kobugcisa obuyingqayizivele, kodwa nakulo uphuhliso lwemboni yezolimo ze- Urals. Umntu onetalente ovela kwintsapho ecebile uye waphumelela yonke into ebomini bakhe kunye nomsebenzi wakhe kunye neetalente, ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abathintekayo kunye nabasebenzi.

U-Pavel Anosov owayenenkedama, kwaye wathatyathwa ngumkhulu wakhe, owayesebenza njengomatshini kwiIzhevsk naseVotkinsk izityalo. Kungenxa yoko, emva kokufumana imfundo efanelekileyo eSt. Petersburg, uCadet Corps, uPavel Petrovich waya kwintaba yaseZlatoust. Wayeneminyaka engama-22 ubudala. Ukuqala ngesithuba esingabalulekanga kakhulu, ekugqibeleni onke amanyathelo ekwinqanaba lomsebenzi, u-Anosov waya kwithuba lentloko yeefayili zezimayini zase-Altai kunye ne-rhu lumente wephondo laseTomsk. Wafa ngeminyaka engama-54 kwinqanaba likaGavutli-Jikelele weTomsk. Ngenxa yobomi bakhe obude kakhulu, wakwazi ukuphakamisa nokuphuhlisa imboni ye-metallurgical kwintsimi ebekwe kuye. Wayengumchinjine wezimayini kunye nekhemistri, wahlola ubunjani bee-Urals kwaye wenza ezininzi izinto ezifumeneyo malunga nokuba indawo ye-mineral deposit.

Ngomnyaka we-1828, uPavel Petrovich Anosov, ngoko ke intloko yeZlatoust Metallurgical Plant, wathola umyalelo kwiSebe leMigodi ukuphuhlisa isicatshulwa, okwakuboniswa yi-dameski kunye needamascus eyaziwayo ngelo xesha. Umsebenzi ngu-arhitrudnaya, kuba iimfihlelo zaso zangasemaphandleni zasempumalanga zigcinwe ngonaphakade kwiinkulungwane ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, emva kophando oluninzi kunye novavanyo, uPavel Petrovich kunye noogxa bakhe bafumana ifom ye-alloy ephumelelayo, eyayizukisa ngokutsha isityalo, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo lonke elaseRashiya. URussia uBurat Anosov waya ekwenzeni insimbi ebandayo.

Ukususela kwindlela uPawulos Petrovich ayenzayo, unokukhumbula izi zinto ezilandelayo, ukumchaza njengomntu omhle kunye nenkosi elungileyo.

• U-Anosov uphumelele ukuvinjelwa kwi-mercury yokwakha, kuba inobungozi kwimpilo, kwaye yatshintsha indawo ye-galvanic.
• Yena ngokwakhe wakha imishini ukulungiselela umsebenzi wabasebenzi.
• Ngethuba lobunkokeli balo basebenzi befestile yeZlatoust, iiholide ezimbini ezihlawulwayo zanikezelwa ngonyaka ngamnye-enye ngaphambi kwePasika kwaye yesibini ehlobo, ngexesha loxinzelelo.

• U-Pavel Petrovich uphumelele ukuvulwa kwamaziko emfundo kubantwana basebenzi. Wabeka izibonelelo kubafana abangaphantsi kwe-12 kunye namantombazana ukuya kwi-18.
• Kwiqhinga lakhe, umsebenzi wokufunda iipropati zezitishi waqala ukuqhutywa ngendlela ehlelekile, kunye neengxelo zeziphumo zophando kunye nokulinga. Ngaphambi kwayo, ukuveliswa kwesinyithi ngamacangci kwakuyinkalo ye-intuition kwaye idluliselwe kwindoda ukuya kumlomo. U-Pavel Anosov ngokwakhe wabhala waza wanyathelisa iincwadi zokubhala ngeemigodi, kuquka ukucinywa kwesinyithi, i-alloy steel kunye nokuveliswa kwe-bulat.

I-Bulat yayilungileyo kuzo zonke iziganeko kwaye yayingekho ngaphantsi kwezinga eliphezulu zehlabathi. Izidaka, izixhobo zokusika ngokukhawuleza, izixhobo, ukuzingela kunye nemivese kuye kuye kusezinto zobugcisa obuphezulu. Ixabiso elidlulileyo lidlula amakhulu amawaka eeruble. I-moiré ephumayo yedamascus inhle, njengensimbi enqabileyo. Abaculi u-Anosov abazange benze ipeyinti kuwo, nje kufuphi ne siseko. Izivuno ezincinci zifakwe kwiindawo zokuphatha kunye nezicabha.

Ngowe-1847 ixesha leP.P. Anosov laphela. Waya eSt. Petersburg ngeqoqo leentlanzi, ukuzingela amaqebunga, iikethikiti, ukukhahlela kunye nezixhobo ezifakwe kwiigrafu ze-Ural, izibuko kunye nama-trays. UPavel P. wayenethemba lokubonisa ezi zinto kubaphathi abaphezulu kunye nokufumana imvume yokwandisa imveliso, kodwa endleleni eya kwiqhwithi seqhwa. Inqwelo yajika, yachithwa ngeebhokisi ezixakekileyo kunye nekhephu. Bahlala iintsuku eziliqela kwintsimi yento enesibindi ngaphandle kwethemba lokusindiswa. Ngenxa yoko, u-Anosov ugula kakhulu. Wayengenakubuya kwaye entwasahlobo ka-1851 wafa.

Pavel Matveyevich Obukhov

Phantse 15 iminyaka Zlatoust isityalo wahlala ngaphandle ulawulo olululo. Ngeminyaka yee-60s kwisikhundla sokuba ngumphathi kwagqitywa kwelokuba uPawulos Matveyevich Obukhov. Wakwazi ukuba inkampani ngaphandle lobunzima. Pavel Matveevich wayevela kwintsapho mgodi. Wanikwa imfundo Engineering kwi St. Petersburg Mining Institute, ukusuka apho wathweswa isidanga imbasa yegolide, ngoko baqeqeshwa eJamani Belgium, ngenxa yokuba ufumene umphathi izakhono elungileyo nomhleli. E Zlatoust, waqala inkqubo yemveliso kwakhokelela umyalelo ngasekhohlo Anosov ilifa zenzululwazi olunzulu yaye waqhubeka imifuniselo bakhe baqalisa kweziyobisi. Pavlu Matveevichu wothulelw kulwenziwo steel. Kwafakwa shaka lobhedu, kwaye ngoku Zlatoust Metallurgical yeziTyalo uye waba umthengisi enkulu kompu - ngemipu kunye shotgun.

zocweyo Art nayo umxakatho. Ukuba Anosov kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ikakhulu obuvelisiweyo kunye iincakuba damask intsimbi, i Obukhov kwaye yandisa amandla izixhobo ukufaka uluhlu elikhulu izinto zekhaya - iibhokisi, amatyala umdiza, nezithetyana zaso, amacephe. Pavel Matveyevich Obukhov Ngendlela, kweliso lakhe kwishishini nje waqonda iimbono zabo zokuphuculwa, kodwa zaphuhliswa zaza zasetyenziswa iingcamango Pavla Petrovicha Anosova, ugcinwe kwiirekhodi.

Ithuba Soviet

Emva 1917, isityalo Zlatoust waqhubeka ukusebenza. Ngoku steel abandayo baqalisa ukuhombisa ngeziganeko revolution kunye enemifanekiso yabantu iinkokheli Communist Party. Beka classicism ukucokisa wathabatha mihla rough. Ugxininiso baqala ukwenza umba kwemveliso abaninzi. Mna iklip indlela setkografii. indlela yombhali sele beziphantse ukumka. Coloured umbhalo ikhule kangakanani kwaye yaba panel. iimveliso steel Zlatoust iingcibi ukuhombisa iindonga amaziko karhulumente. Entsha isimemezelo galvanic lobuchwepheshe nickel itshintshile ngaphaya ingqalelo Zlatoust mfanekiso. Ukubala kahle, ugxininiso ehlasela enkulu umdlalo yokukhanya kunye nesithunzi. Kwaba engasekho, nokukrola kangaka nje nokupeyinta.

Setkografiya ivumela ukuvelisa iibhetshi ezinkulu panels ezifanayo. Amagcisa zadluliselwa kuzo yakhiwe lwemizobo Yaduma ababhali ezaziwayo-kakuhle. eni Huge of uLenin kuStalin ahombise lwefacade-arhente zikarhulumente. Kangangexesha elithile, i ingqondo waxa umsebenzi ngoomatshini.

Ngo-1960 waphila umdla obuciko bemveli. Saqala ukuvula yezandla nobugcisa. Umbhalo Chrysostom iye yazuza umfutho uphuhliso olutsha. bafundi Young yezikolo ezifumana imfundo-engravers Amagcisa weza mveliso kwaye koomasifundisane leyo eyenziweyo impahla yendlu, iitalente zabo. Ngexesha le minyaka, wakhalisa amagama abahle ezifana G. Bersenev A. Bogachev, NV Lohtachova, Averkin O. et al.

khona

Namhlanje, umntu ukuva uluvo lokuba kule minyaka yokugqibela kwamakhulu Zlatoust lokukrola njenge uhlobo yobugcisa yesizwe kunye nokuchwela balahlekelwe ukufaneleka. Nale awufuni ukwamkela. Zlatoust umbhalo (ibali ukuloba odumileyo iyakuqinisekisa oko) ngethuba lonke ikhona, esoloko itshintsha. Ekuqaleni, oko luphawulwa iimilo laconic kunye nemifanekiso ecacileyo, ilifa ukusuka amaJamani evela Solingen, ngoko ke iinkosi Russian wongeza gilding kunye nezinye nobuchwepheshe dekor, iziza zizityebi. Ngaphezu koko, kule nkulungwane yama-20, nokukrola wamkela ingcamango yobugcisa ezithandwayo kunye wendele izimbo ezintsha mihla.

Kule minyaka ilikhulu yokuqala ziye ibingasishiyelanga amagama ambalwa amagcisa abadumileyo. umsebenzi wabo ingafunyanwa kwi umbhalo wesandla - I. N. Bushuev zipeyintwe miniatures kumxholo yeentsomi amadabi zomkhosi. IP Boyarshinov wayekuthanda ukusebenza iimela wokuzingela. Wakrola phezu kwabo zokuzingela izigcawu.

Kule ezayo, iminyaka emakhulu uhlobo lokukrola kwi metal zaziguquka ubomi kanye njengokuba ezahlukahlukeneyo lwentlalo kunye neemfuno zabantu. Yintoni kuthiwa kitsch kunye nomthengi impahla - ngenxa lendalo uloyiso lo mbuso yesigaba, nto leyo equalized kwaye bonke nakanjani ukunika wonke umntu nayo yonke into oyifunayo. Ileqa ngokwasentlaweni oxandileyo zobugcisa kwakhokelela ekubeni icandelo yokuhombisa i Zlatoust lokukrola ngokwanelisayo abangamahlwempu. Okwangoku, ubugcisa lokukrola kwi otyhidiweyo ibuyise ngethoni elitism. iinkosi Outstanding apho, kodwa, njengesiqhelo, unako ukubala kwelinye icala. Okwangoku, art aphezulu eZiphiwo kufa, kodwa ayikwazi ukuma - kuya kusoloko kuba yindawo yokuza- ekuchongeni abantu abanetalente kunye nokuzalwa iintlobo ezintsha zobugcisa.