Umcebisi ogqwesileyo uMontferrand Auguste: i-biography, isebenza

ISt. Petersburg, okanye, njengokuba kwakubizwa nangokuthi, iNorthern Palmyra, ukubonakala kwayo okumangalisayo akuyona nxalenye encinci ngenxa yabakhi beeYurophu, ababukumkani baseRashiya bamenywa ukuba bahlobise baze bahlele. Phakathi kwabo ngumakhi waseMontferrand. Izinto ezininzi ezidalwa namhlanje zizinye zeempawu ezidumileyo zedolophu kwi-Neva kwaye zihlobisa uninzi lweendlela zokuvakasha.

U-Auguste Montferrand: i-biography (ebuntwaneni)

UHenri Louis Auguste Ricard de Montferrand wazalwa ngo-1786 eChalotlot (ngoku eyiNxalenye yeParis). Njengoko umakhi ngokwakhe ngokwakhe evuma ngexesha elizayo, abazali bakhe beza neengcamango malunga nemvelaphi yabo yobukhulu, bongezelela kwigama lelifa ababenalo ngokwenene.

Emva kokufa kukayise u-Auguste, unina washada kwakhona. Utata wesibini, owayengumakhi owaziwayo, wabuya wathandana nomfana onobuqili wenza konke ukuze athole imfundo efanelekileyo.

Iminyaka eselula

Ngo-1806, u-Auguste Montferrand wabhalisa kwi-Paris Academy of Architecture, apho ootitshala bakhe babeyiP. Fontaine, S. Percier kunye no-stepfather u-Antoine Commare. Ngaphantsi kobunkokheli baloo mva, wathatha inxaxheba ekwakhiweni kwecawa kaMariya Magdalene. Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhawuleza wabhalwa emkhosini, kwaye wahlala eItaly ixesha elithile.

Ekubuyeni kwakhe eParis, eneminyaka engama-26 ubudala, u-Auguste Montferrand watshata, kwaye emva kwexesha yena ngokwakhe wazinikela ngokuzithandela ukujoyina i-Napoleonic Guard. Kwimfazwe ka-Arno, wazibonakalisa eneqhawe elinobukroti waza wanikezwa uMyalelo weLegion of Honor. Mhlawumbi i-Montferrand yayiya kuqhubeka nomkhosi wayo wemikhosi, ukuba kwakungekho ukutshayelwa kweNapoleon ekulweni kweLeipzig, kungekudala emva kokuba le nsizwa yahlala umhlala-phantsi.

Ukudibanisana noAlesandro wokuqala

Namhlanje kungabonakala kungaqhelekanga, kodwa ekunqothulweni kweFransi kumlawuli waseRashiya abaninzi abantu babephathwa ngaphandle kobutshaba. Ngaphezu koko, u-Auguste Montferrand wayevuyiswa xa efumana abaphulaphuli kunye noAlexander wokuqala. Wanikela ukumkani nge-albhamu kunye neeprojekthi ezininzi zokwakha, kwiphepha elibhaliweyo ukuzinikezela kumlawuli waseRussia. Phakathi kwazo kwakukho imifanekiso ye-obelisk eninzi, umfanekiso we-equestrian, i- Arc de Triomphe , njl njl. U-Tsar wayekuthanda kakhulu ukuba uluhlu olufutshane lwezinto zokwakha eziyimfuneko ekuphunyezweni kwiprojekthi ethile yaqhotyoshelwe kwimidwebo kunye neendleko ezimalunga neendleko ziboniswe.

Ngethuba elithile emva kokuphulaphula, umakhi waseMontferrand wathabatha incwadi ebhaliweyo, apho wamenywa egameni likaAlexander wokuqala ukuba eze eSt. Petersburg.

Ukufudukela eRashiya

U-Auguste Montferrand akazange adideke ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo malunga neenguqu zokukhahlela ebomini bakhe. Ngomnyaka we-1816, umakhi wezakhiwo wafika kwisikhululo esenyakatho kunye nencwadi yokucebisa evela ku-Abraham-Louis Breguet ukuya ku-Augustine Betancourt. Ulokugqibela wayengumongameli wekomiti yokucwangciswa kwedolophu yaseSt. Petersburg, kwaye ukuxhaswa kwakhe kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kumyili weParis. UBancourt wachukunyiswa yileta eya kuBreguet, owayengumlingani wakhe kumashishini angama-1770, ngoko wamkela umFrentshi waza wavuma ukufunda imidwebo yakhe. Umsebenzi wakhe wamkholisa, kwaye wamema le nsizwa ukuba ithathe isikhundla senhloko yabadwebi kwikomiti eholwa nguye. Nangona kunjalo, umakhi waseMontferran wenqaba ngokuthobeka kwaye wakhetha ukuba abhalise kwilizwe njengomqulunqwa ophezulu. Ukungena ngokusemthethweni kwesiFrentshi enetalente kwinkonzo yaseRashiya kwenzeka ngomhla weDisemba 21, 1816.

Isakhiwo sokuqala, umakhi waseMontferrand owakhelwe kwinqanaba laseRussia, kwakuyikhaya laseLobanov-Rostovsky. Kwakukho kwi-Avenue Admiralty, kwaye kamva yayihlala kwiSebe leMfazwe.

ISt. Isaac's Cathedral

U-Auguste Montferrand wakwazi ukuzikhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kwinkonzo entsha. Ukususela ekufikeni kwakhe eRashiya kuye kwaphela iminyaka engama-7, xa uAlexandria Ixesha lokuQala livakalisa ukhuphiswano ekwakhiweni kwekrisiti entsha esikhundleni se-Isakievsky endala. Ngelo xesha, imimiselo enyanzelekileyo yokuvunyelwa kweprojekthi yayikugcinwa kweengqonge ezintathu. Ngowe-1813, baphinde baqala ukukhangela umakhi onokujamelana nomsebenzi onjalo. Imvume ephakamileyo yanikwa iprojekthi, eyabekwa yiMontferrand. Yavunywa ngoFebruwari 20, 1818. Ukwakhiwa kwadlula iminyaka engama-40, kwaye kwagqitywa kuphela phantsi kolawulo luka-Alexander II.

Umsebenzi womakhi wezakhiwo wawuvuzwa ngokukhululekile. UMonferan wathola isikhundla esiphezulu sebhunga likarhulumente elisebenzayo kunye nentlawulo yeeruble ezingama-40 000 zesilivere. Ukongeza, wanikwa umdanso wegolide ohlotswe ngeadayimani.

Alexander Column

Ngethuba elishumi lokuqala lokuhlala kwakhe eRashiya, ngaphezu kwezakhiwo ezikhankanywe ngaphambili, iMontferrand yenzelwe isakhiwo saseLyceum Richelieu e-Odessa, kwiNdlu yeKochubei, kwiComplex Complex eNizhny Novgorod, kwi-Arena yaseMoscow nabanye.

Ngomnyaka we-1829, uNicholas II wanquma ukuqhubeka nokukhumbula ukunqoba komntakwabo. Esicwangciso sakhe kwiPalamente yePhalamende kwakuza kukhawuleza ku-Alexander Column. U-Auguste Montferrand ungcono kunabanye oogxa abajongene nophuhliso lweprojekthi yakhe, ingakumbi ukususela kwiminyaka emininzi sele sele ikhulelwe isakhiwo solo hlobo. Ukwakhiwa kuthatha iminyaka emi-5 kwaye ngowe-1834, ngaphambi kweNdlu yaseBusika, ukuvulwa okukhulu kwesi sikhumbuzo, okwakuthiwa namhlanje njengento ehlotshiswe yeso sixeko kwi-Neva. Njengomqondiso wokubulela ngemisebenzi yakhe, uMontferrand wanikezwa iSihlayamthetho saseSt. Vladimir kwisigaba sesithathu, kwaye imali yakhe yayingama-ruble ayi-100 000 ngesiliva.

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi

Emva kokuqhawula umtshato nomfazi wakhe wokuqala, uMontferrand wahlala yedwa iminyaka emininzi, kwada ngo-1835 watshata nomdlali wokuqala, umfazi ongumFrentshi u-Elise Debonier, owahlala kunye naye kwada kwimihla yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Umsebenzi wokugqibela womakhi weprojekthi yayiyiprojekthi yesikhumbuzo kuMlawuli uNiclas wokuqala kwiSt. Petersburg. Ukufa kwavimbela iMontferrand ekugqityeni lo msebenzi, kwaye umsebenzi wagqitywa ngumqambi uDefimov.

Ngoku uyazi iinkcukacha zobomi, ohlala kuyo umakhi owakha iSthedral yaseSt. U-Auguste Montferrand uchithe iminyaka engaphezu kwe-40 eRussia kwaye ngumlobi wezakhiwo ezininzi, okwangoku kubangela ukunyamekela ukufezekiswa kweefom kunye nokuqala kwembono.