Imiba yobuchwepheshe yokuxhuma kwi-intanethi: yintoni idilesi ye-mac, umzila kunye nomgca wokuqeshisa

I-intanethi namhlanje ayiyiyona nto yokunethezeka okanye into engavamile kwaye iyamangalisa. Isixhobo sosuku ngalunye sokusebenza nokuphumla, ukuthetha kunye nokutshintshelwa ulwazi. Yingakho abasebenzisi abaninzi ngokukhawuleza okanye ixesha elide emva kokuthengwa kwekhompyutheni yokuqala benza uxhumano kwiWebhu Yehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, bambalwa abantu bacinga malunga nenkqubo yoxhumano. Kwaye ke bambalwa abantu baqwalasela iinkalo zobugcisa bomsebenzi omnye okanye omnye umboneleli. Ngexesha elifanayo, kufuneka uqonde imigaqo yokunxibelelana kwaye uyazi ukuba yiyiphi idilesi, inethiwekhi yendawo, i-router, utshintsho, njl. "Kutheni?" - umfundi oyamangalisa uya kubuza, ngubani onomdla kwizabelo kunye neentlawulo zabanikezeli abahlukeneyo. Kulula! Ulwazi lweendlela zokusebenza zenethiwekhi luyisiqinisekiso sokukhetha umniki-nkonzo onokwethenjelwa, oko kuthetha ukuba umthengi uya kuba nezizathu ezimbalwa zokukhalaza nge-Intanethi kunye nokufaka inkxaso yezobugcisa.

Xa ukhetha umboneleli, kuyafaneleka ukuhlawula ingqalelo, okokuqala, kuhlobo loxhumo olusetyenziswayo ukubonelela ukufikelela "kwindawo ebonakalayo". Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo neziqhelekileyo zokuqhagamshelana zi: ngeteknoloji ye-ADSL, umgca ozinikeleyo (ezine-wire okanye i-eight-core knit pair), i- cable cable (i-TV ye-cable). Isantya esiphezulu sokuxhumeka kwi-intanethi kunye nokuthembeka kwesignali kunikezelwa ngumgca ozinikezelweyo-isetyenziswe ngababoneleli abaninzi banamhlanje. Iinkqubo eziseleyo zokuxhuma zingathembekanga kwaye zisebenza ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqonde ukuba yiyiphi idilesi ye-mac, kufuneka uqaphele enye ipharamitha ebalulekileyo. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba zininzi iikhomputha kwikhaya lakho ziya kudibaniswa kumgca wecandelo elifanayo. Ukuba udibanisa iikhomputha ezininzi kwinethiwekhi ngexesha elifanayo, kufuneka uqikelele ukuthenga i- router (router). Ewe, kukho ukhetho oluxhomekeke kukho enye ikhomputha (makhe sibize ngundoqo, umncedisi), kodwa kuloo meko, loo khompyutha kufuneka ihlale ivuliwe xa ubuncinane omnye umsebenzisi (nakwezinye iikhomputha) eshiya i-intanethi. Le ndlela yokudala inethiwekhi yendlu yabasebenzisi abaninzi ayinakwenzeka kwizizathu ezininzi (inamba enkulu yamanani, iindleko zamandla aphezulu, iikhompyutha rhoqo), ngoko ke indlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokusebenza kwintanethi ngexesha elifanayo kubasebenzisi abaningana ngu-router. I-router kufuneka ikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiingcebiso zomnikezeli, kuba Ngenxa yempawu ezithile zobugcisa, kuphela imodeli ethile yalezi zixhobo ziqinisekisiwe kwinethiwekhi nganye.

Kwabo bacwangcisa ukusebenzisa i-Intanethi ngokuxhomekeka kwikhompyutha enye, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba yiyiphi idilesi ye-mac. Ulwazi lo mbandela luya kuphesela ubuninzi beengxaki ezinxulumene nokusebenza kwinethiwekhi. I-idilesi ye-Mac yikhowudi ekhethekileyo yekhadi lomnatha, enika ukudluliselwa kweepakethi zolwazi kwi-Intanethi kule khomputha.

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, abanye ababoneleli badibanisa umgca wokunxibelelana kwikhomputha kule dilesi ethile, kwaye kwiimeko ezinjalo akunakwenzeka ukuxhuma kwikhompyutheni yesibini ukuya kwi "World Wide Web" ngaphandle kokufowunelwa kwenkxaso yobuchwepheshe nokutshintsha idilesi yangoku. Kule nqanaba, abasebenzisi bahlala benemibuzo: "i-mac-address ... Yintoni le?" Ungayigcina njani enye kwi-computer enye kunye neyesibini? "Kakade, ukudala idilesi enye yenethiwekhi inokwenzeka, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo inkqubo enjalo ichaphazeleka ngokubonakala kwenani elikhulu lamaphutha. Ngako-ke, kungcono ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni idilesi ye-mac kunye nokucacisa kunye nomboneleli ngaphambi kokuba wenze uxhumano kwi-intanethi, ukuba izixhobo zixhunyiwe njani kwinethwekhi. Kwimeko yokusebenzisa i-ad-adresse ukubopha iikhomputha kwinethwekhi, indlela ethembekileyo yokufikelela kwi-intanethi kwiikhomputha ezininzi ziya kusebenzisa i-router.