Ukuxhotyiswa kwabasebenzisi kunye nabavelisi

Wonke umntu onomsebenzi onxulumene nobunjineli bombane kufuneka aqonde kakuhle ukuba igama elithi "ukufakela amandla" lithetha ntoni. Ngethuba lokufakela, oku kuvumela indlela efanelekileyo yokukhetha umthombo wamandla, kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngokubala okufunekayo.

Ngenkcazo enikezwe ngumthombo we-Soviet energy 1984, amandla okufakwa kwanoma yikuphi ukufakelwa kombane kuqondwa njengento ebalulekileyo kunazo zonke izixhobo zalo, ukuvumela ukuba yonke indawo ifake isebenze ixesha elide kwimodumo yalo yokusebenza ngaphandle kokugqithisa, ngokutsho kwedatha yepaspoti. Nangona kunjalo, kulo mzekelo, akunakwenzeka ukuthetha malunga nencazelo ecacileyo. Enyanisweni, konke kulula.

Makhe sicinge ngento eyaziwayo kubo abaninzi xa kubalulekile ukuba kufakwe indawo yocingo lombane. Kubonakala ngathi akukho ubunzima. Kodwa oku akunjalo. Enye yeengongoma eziphambili kukukhethwa kwecandelo lomqhubi. Yenziwa ngoku ngokufanelekileyo okanye ngoku, okwenene (nangona ezinye iindawo zokukhusela), ngokubaluleka kwamandla. Ngokomzekelo, kwigumbi kukho isibane esisisigxina se-incandescent, i-kettle kagesi kunye ne-microwave. Isikhundla esifakweyo sisisombululo sezinto zonke ezisebenzayo zombane ngamnye wombane, okt 100 W + 1200 kW + 2000 kW = 3300 kW. Naliphina umthwalo osebenzayo, ukuba kukho na, kufuneka ibalwe ngokwahlukileyo (amandla onke kwii-kilovolt-amperes). Izibane zombane kunye nezibane ze-fluorescent zizona zixhaphaka. Ngoko, ingongoma yokuqala kukuba amandla angenayo ayidlanga, kuba akunjalo ukuba zonke izixhobo zombane zitshintshwe ngelo xesha.

Kwimeko yenkqubo yokunikezelwa kwamandla, isamba sazo zonke izixhobo zalo zokuvelisa amandla (imithombo yamanje) ithathwa ingqalelo . Umzekelo ngumnatha wezithuba endaweni yokuvelisa. Apha kubalulekile ukuqaphela into yokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Imela umlinganiselo wamandla kagesi akhiqizwa ngexesha lexesha lokubalwa kwengxelo kwixabiso layo loyilo. Ngokomzekelo, kwenyanga, i-MW engu-10 yamandla yenziwe ngamagetsi, ngelixa umlinganiselo wokuvelisa u-100 MW. Kucacile ukuba ukuveliswa kwamandla kusetyenziswa ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye kungenzi lutho. Ngokuchanekileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba "akukho mfuneko" iindleko zokufumana nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zombane. Ngelo xesha, le coefficient nayo iyadingeka ekubaleni ukuqwalasela ixesha eliyimfuneko: ukulungiswa kwemihla ngemihla (ngokunqanyulwa), ukulayishwa kwezinto (ukulungiselela izityalo zamandla enyukliya kunye ne-CHP izityalo), njl njl.

Kulo mzekelo ukhankanywe ngasentla, izixhobo zombane zifuna i-coefficient isetyenziswe ngombane wombane. Enyanisweni, oku kuxabiso lokulungisa, ukuvumela ukuba kubalo kuthathe ingqalelo ukuba bonke abathengi bamagesi ayisebenzisi ngexesha. Kwifowuni enye, amandla ayo makandiswe ngumbandela, oya kuba nexabiso langempela. I-coefficient iyakhethwa ngokwetafile, kuxhomekeke kwimimiselo yabathengi. Ukusetyenziswa kwesisombululo esinjalo kuvumela kakhulu (ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezu kwamabini amaxesha) ukunciphisa iindleko zezixhobo kunye nezinto ezihambelanayo, lula ukugcinwa kwesondlo.

Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yokubala amanethiwekhi ombane, lo coefficient uthathwa njengalingana no:

- 1.0 kwimigqaliselo yongxamiseko (eqondakalayo - ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuncinci, kwaye umsebenzi uphila ixesha elifutshane).

Indawo yokuhlala yohlobo lwe-0.6. Njengomgaqo, ukufakwa kokukhanya kubalulekile kuphela xa usebenzisa izakhiwo.

- 0.8 - indawo yasemakhaya kwiindawo zokuvelisa. Ulungelelwaniso olubalulekileyo lwenziwe ngamaxesha athile (ngamanye amaxesha ukukhanya kuyatshisa ikhefu), kodwa ngokulinganisela ukubalwa nge-0.8 kuchanekile.

- 0.95 - izakhiwo ezineendawo ezinkulu. Ngamanye amaxesha nangomhla okhanyayo kukho isidingo sokukhanyisa, njl.