I-hypochlorite ye-sodium: iipropati, imveliso, isicelo

Waya esitolo ukuthenga i-bleach kwiingubo. Kwiesityuli ziibhotile zeemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, kodwa isandla sisithatha isitsha kunye ne "Belize" - mhlawumbi i-bleach ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabendlukazi. Kwaye kwindlela eya kwiofisi yetikiti ufuna ukufunda ukubunjwa kwayo. "Amanzi, ngoko, u ... Futhi yintoni i- sodium hypochlorite?" - ezi ngcamango eziqhelekileyo zalabo abazenzayo kwaye bakhubeka kwigama elingaqhelekanga. Kwinqaku lemihla, ndiya kuyanelisa umnqweno wakho.

Inkcazo

I-hypochlorite ye-sodium (i-NaOCl ye-formula) iyinxalenye ye-inorganic, i-sodium ityudi ye-hypochlorous acid. Kwakhona, kunokuthiwa "i-larbaric / javelin water" okanye nje "hypoclorite sodium".

Iipropati

Eli qela linokubonakala kwezinto ezinokungafihlekiyo ezikhenkcezayo ezidibanisa lula nakwiqondo lokushisa. Ngethuba le nkqubo, kukhutshwa i-oksijini, kwaye ukuba iqondo lokushisa leemeko liphakanyiselwa kuma-70 ° C, ngoko ukuphendula kuhamba kunye nokuqhuma. Ukuxutywa emanzini ye-hypochlorite ye-sodium - yile i-oxidizer enamandla kakhulu. Ukuba songeza i- hydrochloric acid kuso, amanzi, i-chloride ye-sodium kunye ne-chlorine yamagesi ayakha. Kwaye kwindlela yokusabela kwe-carbon dioxide kunye nesisombululo esidihliweyo sezinto ezixutyushwa ngoku, i-acid hypochlorous iyancipha.

Ukufumana i-hypoclorite sodium

Le ngqungqutyana ifunyenwe ngexesha lokuphendula kwe-chlorine encinci ne-sodium hydroxide. Ukuhlukanisa i-chloride ye-sodium kule mxube , ikhuhlile kwi-0 ° C., ngoko iwa nje ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba uqhubeka ubamba isisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite kwiqondo eliphantsi (-40 ° C) uze udibanise kwi -5 ° C, inkqubo iya kugqitywa ngokubunjwa kwe-sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate. Kwaye ukufumana ityuwa ecocekileyo, le hydrate ye-crystalline kufuneka ichithe amanzi emzimbeni ngaphandle kwe-sulfuric acid. Nangona kunjalo, kule nkqubo, i-sodium hydroxide ichithwa ngempumelelo yi-carbonate yayo. Emva koko iimveliso zokuphendula aziyi kuphela isisombululo sezinto ezifunwayo kunye ne-sodium chloride, kodwa kunye ne-hydrogen carbonate yesinyithi esifanayo. Into exoxwa ngayo ngoku ifunyenwe ngokusebenzisana kwe-calcium hypochlorite ne- sodium carbonate. Ngale ndlela, itholakala kwibhubhoratri. Kodwa kwishishini, iindlela zokufumana i-sodium hypochlorite zihluke kakhulu. Kukho okuveliswa ngeendlela ezimbini: iikhemikhali - nge-chlorination ye-hydroxide ecocekileyo yale nxalenye - kunye ne-electrochemical - ngenxa ye-electrolysis yesisombululo esinomsolo wesetyu oqhelekileyo. Ngayinye yale nkqubo inezinkolelo zayo, kodwa zifundwa ngokubanzi iinkcukacha kumaziko.

Isicelo

Le nkunkuma iyimfuneko ebalulekileyo kumashishini. Oku kulula ukuxelela ngoncedo lwetafile:

Isiphelo

Ngasentla, kusetyenziswa kuphela iindlela eziphambili, apho i-hypoclorite ye-sodium isetyenziswa khona. I-91% yemveliso yaloo maqumrhu kwiimarike zehlabathi. Ngaphandle kwesi sici, kukho ezinye iindawo ezininzi zoshishino. Kodwa i-hypochlorite ye-sodium ngenxa yobunzima bayo ifuna unyango olunzulu.