Moya onamava? uhlobo fuel

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi, ngaphezu moya onamava. Kuba smooth kunye olungileyo umsebenzi leeyunithi ezilolo zifuna amafutha ezizodwa ipremiyamu-grade. inqanaba moya kuxhomekeke kakhulu koko bezigqunywe-moya. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iindleko zamafutha yezokubhabha liye landa amaxesha amaninzi ngenxa yokunqongophala ioli. Okwangoku, le khompawundi ezintsha ziyaphuhliswa. Ngoko ke yintoni na icala moya? Yintoni sibaso le ukusetyenziswa?

Iintlobo yokubasela moya

Ngoko ke, yintoni sizaliswa noDorothy? Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo nje ezimbalwa zepetroli enjalo izixhobo:

• yokubasela engines Buyisela;
• amafutha jet, ilungiselelwe imifanekiso jet.

uhlobo ngalunye yenzelwe ezithile iintlobo moya. Ukutshintsha amafutha kwenye uhlobo kuyingozi kakhulu. Emva zonke amafutha kuxhomekeke kukhuseleko bonke abaya kuba ababekhwele kweso moya. Kungenxa yesi sizathu iiyunithi yokugalela amafutha ezithuthi ingqalelo eyodwa. Yintoni umahluko phakathi amafutha jet ukusuka ukundiza ipetroli?

fuel mboni

Ngoku uyazi yesenzo eso abekwa ityala moya. Amafutha for sixhobo ilifa iimpawu ezithile kunye neepropati. Yintoni umahluko. amafutha jet, okanye, ngamanye amazwi, amafutha eyama, kutshanje bayeke ukuba isetyenziswe, zibe kukudla. Ngoku isetyenziswa kuphela. Hayi, kudala kangaka sisibaso loo moya TU-22 kunye TU-16.

Elungisiweyo njengoko amafutha jet ngeendlela ezininzi zokulungisa ioli: ulwelo okanye nokuqhekeka encedisa ukuqalisa imisebenzi.

Iimpawu amafutha mboni

Avgas ngaphambili ingqalelo amafutha ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Kutheni? Kukho izizathu ezininzi:

1. uzinzo Detonation. Ngamanye amazwi, le amafutha ingasetyenziswa kwinjini mayixhotyiswe izinga ucinezelo eliphezulu umxube ezinokutsha. Kulo mzekelo kokuvela kunokwenzeka enkqonkqoza.
2. kuqamba fraction. Aviation olingene uyakwazi ngumphunga. Oku kubonisa ikhono layo ukwakha umoya-fuel, ukusebenza lo mxube. Olu phawu uzimisele ifumile uxinzelelo umphunga kunye namaqondo obushushu abilayo.
3. uzinzo Chemical. Aviation fuel nako ukumelana utyhileko amacandelo athile amachiza ngexesha ukusetyenziswa, ukuthuthwa njalo njalo.

Njengoko ubona, amafutha eyama ineendlela ezininzi. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba sele kudala isetyenziswe njengendawo isibaso. Ngoko ke yesenzo eso abekwa ityala moya xa amafutha yezokubhabha ayisetyenziselwa ezi njongo?

Aviation separafini

Indlela amafutha iphuphuma moya ukuba baphathe abakhweli kunye emkhosini? Kwiimeko ezinjalo, separafini isetyenziswa - le yenye amaqhezu oyile ezifunyenwe ulwelo ngqo sulphur low-nesalfure ngeentlobo ioli. Kule ndlela isetyenziswa ngokubanzi hydrotreating. Xa amafutha enjalo aphela rhoqo kongeza kudla ezongezelelweyo.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba lweenqwelo separafini, phambi kokuba ungene itanki moya amanyathelo yokuqinisekisa abapasileyo 8. Ukongeza, kwilizwe lethu ulawulo phezu umgangatho amafutha lwenziwa yi emkhosini. Ixabiso elinye itoni yale fuel 20-35 amawaka engange.

imihlobo fuel jet

Aviation separafini inemisebenzi. Le asidi sernost, kunye nozinzo thermal. Ngelo xesha kwilizwe lethu wasebenzisa ezinye iintlobo yayo;

1. RT - i-fuel ekumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu. Oku kungenxa iqhezu oyile. Apha, akukho 135-280 ° C kwaye ivavanywa a hydroprocessing epheleleyo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amafutha loo yahlukile phakathi iintlobo wasentshona zepetroli. RT uqobo kusetyenziselwa ngokugcwalisa SU-27 njalo njalo.
2. TC-1 - a sibaso moya ngumxube amaqhezu ngqo hlamba ngqo. amafutha enjalo elivumelana Jet-A - noogxa bamanye amazwe. Kwilizwe lethu le ndlela ithandwayo ukundiza separafini. Bona aqhutywa moya mihla nabadala exhotyiswe subsonic, turbojet kunye iinjini turboprop.
3. T-6 ne T-8B - amafutha eyenziwe kuphela iimfuno emkhosini. Bona ndibayala supersonic nabalwi Grant-35. Le fuel ifunyenwe ngenxa lokulungisa elide, nto leyo eyenza ixabiso labo liphezulu kakhulu.

Ebusika, zamafutha wongezelela ongeziweyo ezingakumbi, nto leyo musa ukuvumela amafutha ukutshintsha iipropati zabo ngokwasemzimbeni iyasetyenziswa.

Zingaphi amatanki moya

Ngaphambi kokuba siphendule lo mbuzo njani nendlela abase lilayishiwe kulo moya, kuyimfuneko ukwazi iitanki ezininzi kangakanani ifumaneke yunithi. imifuziselo ezahlukeneyo izixhobo ukuba ibekwe phantse iindawo ezifanayo; kwi amaphiko kunye nakumbindi. Ngelo xesha elinye itanki ngalinye amafutha ukwenzela iinjongo ezithile. Amafutha evela itanki engundoqo yenzelwe ukusebenza ezinzileyo ze-injini. -Moya ethile, ezongezelelweyo umthamo kwingingqi nomsila. Loo itanki kufuneka ukunyenyisa songqamaniso unit endleleni.

Inkqubo yokuzaliswa

Inkqubo kokufaka moya - le yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ukuba yenziwa iqela labantu kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho indlela ekhethekileyo. Xa le nkqubo iphantsi kolawulo ngumsebenzisi station igesi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amafutha ivavanywa ngokupheleleyo. Kangakanani na icala moya? Konke kuxhomekeke ezahlukeneyo ubuchule. Kuba ukuzaliswa "iBoeing" Kuthatha malunga 15 neetoni amafutha, nangenxa "Airbus" - iitoni 15-25.