Imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1787-1791: Leswi Iziganeko eziphambili

imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1787-1791, netafile apho thaca kule ubongwayo nokuqhubekeka yendalo longquzulwano phakathi kwamagunya ezimbini kwisiqingatha sesibini ngenkulungwane ye-18. Ngexesha ekulweni, ilizwe lethu liye wenza nkqubo bangaphandle impumelelo kwaye yomelezwe isimo sakhe sokuba elinye lamazwe waseYurophu.

izizathu

Akunakuphepheka ungquzulwano entsha kwabonakala ngoko nangoko emva kokugqitywa isivumelwano soxolo ngo-1774. Xa ngokwemimiselo yayo, eRashiya zifumana ukuya kuLwandle Black, eCrimea kwathiwa ezizimeleyo kwabasemagunyeni Turkish. imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1787-1791, itafile "Ubangela of ungquzulwano" kwi iziganeko zithiwe thaca kweli candelo, wesuka yokuba Turkey wayefuna ukuziphindezelela nokukhangeleka indawo yayo yangaphambili, ekuphulukwana eMpuma Front.

Oku kwakhona lwandulelwe kuthotho lweziganeko eziye yomelezwa nangakumbi indawo kwilizwe lethu kulo mmandla. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, waba ngumlawuli iCrimea Khan, ngubani wayephantsi kweempembelelo yenkokheli Russian. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, waphuma itrone usingasiqithi wegqitha eRashiya. Kwakuloo nyaka mnye, uKumkani Georgian utyikitye isivumelwano kwilizwe lethu, phantsi apho Georgia naseRashiya baba namahlakani.

Ngomhla obandulela impi

Ngokuchasene imvelaphi ezi mpumelelo kwi uluvo loluntu wachukunyiswa uhambo uCatherine II of New Russia, leyo eliqeqesha Potemkin. Waye sikhatshwe woMlawuli of Austria, owaba sizana yakhe. imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1787-1791, i-itafile ebonisa iinguqu ezinkulu neAfrika, ubenegalelo ngenxa kwezi ziganeko. Turkey wafaka el kwabasemagunyeni Russian, befuna ukubuya eCrimea, ukuhlolwa Russian yeenqanawa elidangazelayo, elacanda phakathi iDardanelles kunye ukubuya bamandla akhe phezu eGeorgia. yenqaba isidingo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe.

Le mpi lokuqala

imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1787-1791, itafile "iziganeko eziphambili" nto leyo ebonisa impumelelo iingalo Russian, lwaqala ngokoyiswa imikhosi Turkish in Kinburn. amabutho Russian eyayikhokelwa Suvorov, ngubani owala ngempumelelo imizamo utshaba ukumbamba le enqabeni. Enyanisweni, yaba uloyiso yokuqala enkulu, leyo yagqitywa ngonyaka wokuqala kweli phulo. Esinye isiganeko nal kulo nyaka yaba yimpumelelo ongunozakuzaku kwilizwe lethu, apho wafumana inkxaso soMhlekazi Austria.

Kwangaxeshanye, Jikelele Tekeli walungelelanisa behlasela eziliqela ngempumelelo kwi kummandla Kuban. Umzamo Second ukuba zifake enqabeni yotshaba, elamiselwa ebusika, nayo akuphumelelanga. Ngoko ke umyalelo Turkish ingqalelo zonke iinzame zabo phezu iDanube, ukulungiselela sokuhlaselwa.

Ukulwa ka 1788

Russian-Turkish War ka 1787-1791, ebandakanya itafile maxesha esisiseko kweziganeko, amakishwe zoloyiso okhanyayo yomkhosi Suvorov kunye Potemkin, owathi, emva nasekuxinweni Isiphango yaseYiputa Ochakov wamthabatha ukuba kwayigqibezela ngobunkokheli Turkish emkhosini, ngubani ke ngoko kwanyanzeleka ukuba ihlehlise izicwangciso ukuze kuhlaselwe Bender. Ngelo xesha elifanayo kumadabi bathelela amajoni Austrian phantsi ngokomyalelo Lassie, kodwa loo maqhinga akhe wokutshiza imikhosi yamajoni ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela baphazamiseka. Rumyantsev Kwakhona wayalela umkhosi e Podolia, kodwa apha phezulu ukuya yokungqubana, ukuba abazange bafike.

uloyiso enkulu

Russian-Turkish imfazwe ka 1787-1791, itafile unikezelwa inkundla eyinhloko, ziphawulwe uloyiso enkulu izixhobo zasekhaya, apho bamdumisa iinkokeli kunye ngamajoni nabaphathi. Kunyaka olandelayo waqalisa noko Potemkin wafudukela imikhosi yakhe iphambili ku Bender. umkhosi Turkish, yena, wazama ukuba kuyo phambili, kodwa Suvorov woyisa utshaba e Focsani. Ke vizier kwakhona waya phezu ekhubekisayo, bazimisele ukuthatha eli thuba zilinikiweyo buthathaka eRashiya izikhundla e Moldova. Ukuwela iDanube, yena ndandijongene amajoni Suvorov nePrince Coburg, ngubani kwakhona koyiswa amajoni Turkish. imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1787-1791, itafile "namahlakani" ingakumbi lubonisa ukuba amajoni Austrian ziye zinikwe inkxaso nxamnye baseTurkey.

Ezi impumelelo enkulu waphela unyaka wesibini imfazwe. Uloyiso yomkhosi Russian kakhulu Yekani Prussia, urhulumente waseBritani, leyo nizihlabe ngamandla ePort ukuqhubeka imfazwe. Ukongeza, kulo nyaka, imikhosi Austrian ahlala Bucharest kunye Belgrade, leyo buthathaka kakhulu indawo Turkish.

1790

imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1787-1791, itafile "Iinkokheli" nto leyo ebonisa ukuba isakhiwo esisiseko umyalelo, kunyaka ngasentla wangena waqalwa yayo. Lo nyaka uqale umva le Austrians, ngubani lahluleka nxamnye Turks, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni umlawuli ivumile iintetho uxolo yaye okunene ngaphandle imfazwe. imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1787-1791, itafile "Amanyeneyo of Russia" ibonisa ukulingana kwamandla phakathi kwamaqela alwayo. Noko ke, uCatherine II akazange inxaxheba iintetho ngoxolo, yaye amajoni Russian waqhubeka ekulweni.

I Turks bazama ukuba ahlasele Crimea, kodwa kabini wabethwa umva le fleet Russian phantsi ngokomlomo FF Ushakov. Ke Potemkin waya phezu okuhlaselayo wathimba inani ekujoliswe lutshaba, kodwa inqaba Izmail yaqhutywa. Guide Suvorov ayithatha yesaqhwithi. Yena wayelungiselela kuba ngenyameko kakhulu, lwenziwa ngoososayensi ebusuku: amajoni phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe nkobe iinqaba zokwexeshana embhoxo izakhiwo yotshaba. Wathumela ultimatum yakhe edumileyo kwi Turks and emva kokuba ukungaphumeleli wakhokela amajoni ku avanyisa. Kwiikholam umthetho yi Kutuzov. wasiwa Le nqaba, ukuba, enyanisweni, kwakuthetha isiqalo esitsha emfazweni. waya ngempumelelo nokulwa elwandle, kwimpumelelo esemthe- ibalulekileyo idabi Fidonisi kunye Kaliakra.

ukugqitywa

Le mfazwe yapheliswa ngokutyikitya zilandelayo ihlabathi Jassy, apho eRashiya wayigcina yonke ekuthengeni ezi ncwadi, kodwa kwiindawo ezifana Wallachia, lahlaselwa kunye Bessarabia, kwafuneka siyeke Turkey. Le imfazwe eyomelezile iwonga kwihlabathi ubukhosi Russian, ze zibethelelwe kwindawo yayo kuLwandle Black, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ukwenzela uphuhliso izithuthi kweli lizwe kunye eliphakamileyo ngamazwe.