Imbongi Tomas Eliot: Biography, ubuchule

Thomas Stearns Eliot - Imbongi yaseMelika ekuqaleni evela kurhulumente ye Missouri (St. Louis). Ngowe-1922 wapapasha umbongo yakhe edumileyo "I lweNkunkuma Land." Lo msebenzi ka Ezra Pound, umthantamisi wakhe nomhlobo, ngokuba elide ebhalwe kwimibongo IsiNgesi. Kwaye T. Eliot waphumelela iBhaso yeNobel ngo-1948.

Imvelaphi imbongi

Thomas Stearns Eliot wazalwa kwintsapho enkulu. Nguye lo mntwana mncinane. Phakathi izinyanya wembongi kwicala kayise yaba ISityhi nakwimiVo G. Eliot, ngubani waseka St. Louis Washington University. Nezinyanya likanina Eliot Ayzek Sternz kwaziwa ukuba ngowokuqala bafudukela Massachusetts.

Genri Uer Eliot, uyise Thomas lowo osisityebi usomashishini kunye Charlotte Stearns, unina - ungumfazi unesiphiwo zoncwadi kakuhle ofundileyo. Yena wadala kumdlalo vesi, kwakunye biography of nakwimiVo G. Eliota.

ixesha uqeqesho, umsebenzi ekuqaleni

Thomas waqalisa ukubhala umbongo xa wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesine. umsebenzi wakhe kwangethuba kuphawulwa impembelelo abangabasemisebenzini Omar Khayyam. Njengabo bonke avant-garde imbongi, i uTomas oselula yaba neenkani, ezigxeka ehlabathini lwanamhlanje. Noko ke, kamva le ngxaki iphambili yaba ukudalwa lobunzima umoya yombhali. Thomas wayezibuza iinkqubo zentlekele drive ubomi kuluntu. imbongi kwakhe okubuhlungu abapase ngamandla okumangalisayo.

Ekupheleni kwisikolo sabucala ibekwe e St. Louis, noTomas waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe Massachusetts College of zabucala. Emva konyaka, ngowe-1906, yena ababhalise University Harvard. Outstanding, umfundi abanetalente iminyaka emithathu, waphumelela ikhosi eyunivesithi. Kunyaka wesine, wafumana isidanga yenkosi.

Ngeli xesha lokubhalwa yemibongo ngo "advoket Harvard", ihlelwe yi Eliot wayevela-1909 ukuya ku-1910. Emva koko, waya eParis, apho waya izifundo e Sorbonne. Elliott wadibana iincwadi French, kunye iimbongi Symbolist. Umfanekiso awayenomdla nangoku eHarvard. Tomas Eliot funda Jules Laforgue, umbhali ngubani ibhekisa lo mkhwa. Kwakhona, utsaleleke yi kwincwadi ethi "The intshukumo ye nemifuziselo kwiincwadi" A. Simons. It baphenjelelwa ngamandla kuphuhliso Eliot abe yimbongi.

Isigqibo anikezele ukuphila kwakhe uncwadi

Ukubuyela eHarvard ngowe-1911, uThomas waqalisa ukubhala ithisisi eyahlulelwe F. G. Bredli, IsiNgesi idealist sobulumko. Kwakhona wafunda Buddhism nesiSanskrit. yokufunda Sheldonian for Tomas Eliot waya eJamani eNgilani. E Oxford, Merton College, apho wayefundisa Bradley, wafunda bulumko. Emva ukuthandabuza kokuthandabuza kakhulu Eliot wagqiba ukunikela ubomi bakhe uncwadi, ngoko akazange aye emva elikhuselayo ithisisi yakhe eHarvard. Thomas wahlala eLondon, apho wabhala umbongo. Abanye babo, kunye nenkxaso yaseWyndham Lewis kunye noEzra Pound, yapapashwa ngowe-1915.

Eliot kwafuneka ukuziphilisa, benza ngayo imfundiso konyaka, emva koko wakhonza ebhankini, "Lloyd" unobhala. Ngowe-1925, imbongi waqalisa ukusebenza ngo "Faber Guayer Isiphelo", kuqala nje umhleli zoncwadi lendlu zokupapasha, yaye emva koko njengomnye abalawuli benkampani.

umtshato wokuqala

Tomas Eliot ebemzekile ngo-1915. Kuye ube darling Viven Heyvud. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umtshato wayengonwabanga, esi sibini baye bahlala ndawonye iminyaka elinethoba. Vivien emva komtshato waba kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo. Yena wafa apha ngo-1947.

Umsebenzi kulindixesha, imisebenzi ezintsha

Kweli thuba ukususela 1917 ukuya kowe-1919, uTomas wasebenza magazini "Egoist" isekela umhleli. imibongo yakhe yokuqala yaqala ukubonakala eziliqela oolindixesha, kuquka "anthology yamaKatolika" E. Pound. Apha, imisebenzi yakhe yapapashwa ngo-1915. In "Hogarth Press" ULeonard Virdzhiniya Vulf wabeka ukuqokelelwa ezimbini ezintsha zemibongo ngu Thomas - "Prufrock kunye nezinye imigqaliselo" (1917) kunye "Imibongo" (1919). Abo wadala phantsi kweempembelelo imisebenzi Laforgue zimakishwa ukuphoxeka ngokwenyani.

Umbongo wokuqala omkhulu ka TS Eliot waba "Uthando Iingoma J. Alfred Prufrock." It idlulisela eluncedo, mbeje, intlonelo, iqhawe kakuhle intsingiselo, ngubani na naye sithintelo intetho, kwaye izigqibo, ingakumbi amabhinqa. Lo msebenzi isehlakalo ebalulekileyo izibongo kwenkulungwane yama-20. Ngomhla ukubaluleka mbongo ubhalwe nabagxeki ezininzi, kunye George. Berryman, imbongi yaseMelika, wayekholelwa ukuba mihla isihobe iqala nayo.

TS Eliot - mhlalutyi

Kunye ukuthandwa obukhulayo TS Eliot ibe yimbongi waqinisekisa igama lakhe umhlalutyi zoncwadi. Ukususela ngowe-1919, uTomas ihlawula rhoqo ukuya isongezelelo uncwadi kwi "Times" ( "Times litereri sapplment"). Kwabonakala uthotho yakhe lwamanqaku abambelele kule Jacobin kunye nedrama Elizabeth. Kunye nabanye, baba yinxalenye kuqokelelwe imisebenzi TS Eliot, "Wood Oyingcwele" (1920). Kwinqaku emandundu wabe, Shakespeare, Marlowe, Dryden, George Herbert, uJohn Donne, uAndrew Marvell umbhali uzama ukubuyisela ebomini imbongi, nto leyo, ngokwembono yakhe, ngumsebenzi omkhulu kwaye nokugxekwa oluhlala luhleli. iimbono ezininzi zazibonakala kamva Eliot "Krayterione" iphephancwadi amanqam ngokwaneleyo ezithandwayo, epapashwa amaxesha amane ngonyaka kwisithuba ukususela 1922 ukuya 1939

"I-Waste Land"

Ngowe-1922 Tomas Eliot wapapasha umbongo yakhe edumileyo. Njengoko sele sibonile, kuye igama phakathi imihobe emide sidalwe IsiNgesi. Ezra Pound lubonisa hyperbola yayo (emva imveliso iqulathe kuphela imigca 434) kunye nobuninzi kwimibongo ibhekisela yoxinaniso kulo mbongo. Hi ndlela leyi, iSkiti yathatha inxaxheba yokuhlela umsebenzi. Avula inguqulelo yokugqibela yeTshata ye kumbongo malunga kwisithathu.

Abahlalutyi abaninzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle bakholelwa ukuba umsebenzi ongcono udale Tomas Eliot - "The lweNkunkuma Land." Kuye nempembelelo uphuhliso ngakumbi kwimibongo. Le mveliso luqulathe izahlulo ezi-5. Amanyaniswe imixholo ukhukuliseko lwamaxabiso kunye ukungachumi. Lo mbongo, nto leyo eyayibonisa udandatheko, anathandabuza kwexesha kwemfazwe, wavakalisa isimo sexesha.

Ukubhaptizwa nokuhlala British

T. S. Eliot ngo-1927 lenziwa wabhaptizwa Anglican Church. Ngelo xesha yena unikwe ubumi yaseBritani. Tomas Eliot, ogama izibongo yayisele ithandwa e kwintshayelelo nokuqokelelwa yakhe zezincoko othi "Ukuvikela Lancelot Andrews," uzibiza a classicist kuluncwadi, zonqulo kunye royalist anglokatolikom kwezopolitiko. UThomas wayengumfundi wayenomdla kwinkcubeko IsiNgesi. Afunda baze bayibiza yintlekisa i eliNgesi wonke, ngaphandle ubuzwe kunye aksenti. Ngenxa yoko, iyavumelana neminqweno bakhe ubumi yaseBritani. Noko ke, akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba Eliot Church of England kukho ukunxaxha izithethe Unitarianism, ubanjisiwe intsapho yakhe, nangona yokuba anelisekile imfuneko yakhe imilinganiselo ecacileyo engqongqo yokuziphatha (uTomas yaba zamaPuritan unemvelaphi).

Kulo mbongo, Eliot kaThixo "Ash Wednesday" (1930) eliboniswe kwizithuba iingxingongo engqondweni yaphawula inkolo yakhe. Ngeli thuba ukudideka kwengqondo kunye neengqondi Thomas eliguqulelwe umbongo "Anabasis" Saint-Yohane Perse (ngo-1930). Lo msebenzi luhlobo kwembali yokomoya yoluntu.

odlala Eliot

Ngowe-1930, uThomas wabhala weqonga enkondlo "Ukubulala kwi Cathedral" (1935) kunye "Stone" (1934). Le misebenzi zadalelwa ukusebenza zonqulo. Eyokuqala kwezi ukuziphatha bulumko. umxholo wayo - ukubandezeleka yaseSt T. Beckett. Lo mbongo ithathwa nemidlalo ilungileyo TS Eliot. Yimpumelelo enkulu kwaba yaseqongeni kwi US naseYurophu.

Udlala Elliott ubomi mihla, ezifana "Reunion Family" Cocktail Ngokuhlwa "," Private uNobhala "yaye" Le laseburhulumenteni abakhulileyo "(1939, 1950, 1954 no-1959, ngokulandelelana) zithathwa kanga. UTomas akakho nako kakhulu ukuzalisa umxholo intlungu yamandulo umxholo wanamhla. Noko ke, le "cocktail Hosi" ngelo xesha waba yimpumelelo enkulu yaseqongeni, akhiwe kumacala omabini i-Atlantic.

Imibongo 1940 kunye Prize Nobel

Ngowe-1940, noTomas wabhala imibongo ezifana "East Coker" (1940), "Somnikelo Norton", "Dry Selveydzhes" (bonke 1941), "Little Gidding" (1942) kunye "Quartets Ezine" ( ngo-1943). abahlalutyi abaninzi bayavuma imisebenzi kakhulu aqolileyo emsebenzini Eliot kaThixo. Ngamnye kubo ecinga, ngokukhuthazwa ummandla apho umbhali eman 'izigwebo malunga xesha, imbali, uhlobo lolwimi, iinkumbulo.

Eliot Thomas, ogama iincwadi kuye kwaqatshelwa ehlabathini lonke, waphumelela iBhaso yeNobel ngo-1948. Anders Esterling, ilungu le-Swedish Academy, wagxininisa kwintetho yakhe imibongo Thomas yeyona ipropati "indawo ndikho diamond" ngozi ezingqondweni isizukulwana mihla.

umtshato wesibini kunye nokufa imbongi

Ngowe-1957 watshata eV Fletcher Tomas Eliot. ngobomi bakhe iphela ngo-1965, xa wafa phambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-76. TS Eliot wangcwatyelwa East Coker.

Izizathu ukuthandwa Eliot

Kutheni umsebenzi uThomas Eliot siseza umdla abaninzi? Izizathu zahlukene. EliyiNtloko phakathi kwabo kukuba lo mbhali liye laba renovator inkulu kwimibongo. Imibongo e IsiNgesi eliguqulelwe TS Eliot Jiménez, Montale kunye Seferis. Ngo-1969, imisebenzi Thomas ziye zaguqulelwa kwiilwimi eziphambili zaseYurophu, kwakunye Chinese, IsiJapanese, Urdu, Hindi, Arabic, njalo njalo. D. Kwaye kule mihla nayiphi na incwadi eMelika okanye eNgilani incwadi imibongo mihla, njengoko umthetho, iqala nge ukubhala ukubaluleka TS Eliot, kuba negalelo elikhulu azenzileyo ukuya kuphuhliso ubuchule ngomlomo.

Ukuntsonkotha kwimbono bobuchule Eliot

Qonda imibongo e IsiNgesi ngulo umbhali akukho lula, njengokuba ukuguqulelwa imisebenzi yakhe. Isibakala sokuba Eliot i imbongi ebakumgangatho ophezulu. imisebenzi yakhe nje kuphela entsha ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi kwimibongo. Xa umsebenzi wakhe Thomas akazange ixesha lokumakishela. Yena rhoqo wabhenela isisombululo ezintsha iingxaki nobugcisa entsha.

elitism ngabom, le avant-garde uhlobo lomsebenzi zalo umbhali kukuba imisebenzi yakhe lula ukuyiqonda. Ubunzima lokuqala ilele kwi eziyintandabulumko entsonkothileyo. Umbhali ukuthatha imibuzo esisiseko yobukho bomntu. Eliot lithetha emsebenzini wakhe iingqiqo ubuhle bulumko zakutshanje. Akazange nje aqonde umzekeliso abo. Le mbongi ngokwakhe uzama ukufumana izisombululo zeengxaki ezahlukeneyo.

Ubunzima yesibini kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba indima ekhethekileyo umdlalo enobuchule ntlokoma bakhe, usingiselo, ngothsuphe njalo njalo. Oku kukuvumela imbongi ibihlaba imisebenzi yakhe kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neminyaka, hayi nje ukubonisa ukuqonda ekhoyo ehlabathini, kodwa abonise ulwalamano lwabo kwezinye izenzakalo inkcubeko kunye elidlulileyo. Ngoko ke, magazini abangabasemisebenzini lo mbhali zidla banikwa izimvo eneenkcukacha.

Lo msebenzi art wesithathu Eliot, leyo nzima ukuqonda yayo, iquka ixabiso elikhulu, nto leyo ke uhlawula ifomu. Umzekelo, imveliso "Four abacula" eziphawulekayo scheme emnandi leyo kwacetyiswa ngokuqonda kwakhe Eliot uBeethoven (okanye mandithi, quartets bakhe kamva).

Isenokuba ixesha elide ukuthetha iimpawu abangabasemisebenzini Eliot. Noko ke, kwinqaku elinye akunakwenzeka ukuba agubungele into ebalulekileyo original kakhulu yokuluka. Kubalulekile ukuba, kuba TS Eliot entsonkothileyo yi asikokuphela ngokwalo. Yaba umboniso iyantlukwano kunye neengxaki engekho semgangathweni yesihobe, awathi wayenza isonjululwe.

Le ncwadi imalunga cats

Kodwa ayisoloko TS Eliot sinzima kunjalo, oko akuthethi alusoloko lusebenza ebakumgangatho ophezulu. Kusenokuba ezingalindelekanga kancinci, kodwa izilwanyana banomdla ziimbongi ezifana Tomas Eliot. Cats ziye zaba bantu ukuqokelelwa yakhe edumileyo zemibongo, eyapapashwa ngo-1939 ( "Popular Science malunga ziikati ..."). Imisebenzi ebandakanyiweyo kuwo, wadalwa-1930. Bona zabhalelwa godchildren TS Eliot.

Okwangoku, le ngqokelela yeyona ncwadi eyaziwa-kakuhle malunga iikati ehlabathini. Wazi konke fan ezi zilwanyana. A isabelo esikhulu yokuqokelela ezaziwayo-kakuhle bazisa "Cats" musical E. L. Vebbera, wazinikela ngenxa yalo.