Imbongi Alexei Surkov - ikratshi komhlaba Yaroslavl

In Yaroslavl indlebe malunga nokuba abahlali ingoma ezaziwayo-kakuhle "Xa amaphenyane» uyazi. Abantu babo bonke ubudala ngenkoliseko wasiphakamisa umbhalo, phantse akukho iphambanisa amagama. Kodwa ke ukuba igama zonke umbhali abakwazanga. Imbongi eSoviet Alexei Surkov, ogama Ibhayografi ngonaphakade inxulumene kummandla Yaroslavl, nguye umbhali wezintlu odumileyo ababevela usiba lwakhe ekuqaleni IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Yintoni eyaziwayo ngale ndoda engaqhelekanga?

"Abantu '

Wazalwa ngaphambi revolution (01/10/1899) kwilali encinane (kwisithili Rybinsk kwiphondo Yaroslavl) Serednevo usapho abalimi, Alexei Surkov waqalisa ukufundisa kwisikolo sendawo, akuba ithathe ubuhle bendalo kunye kuphila yasemaphandleni. Ukubonisa bayakulangazelela ukufunda, xa wayeneminyaka eli-12 waya eSt Petersburg, apho uza kuhlala endlwini yenkosi kwaye imali. Eli gumbi ke ngokuba "Abantu", kodwa wavumela intombazane ufunde amaphephandaba kunye nokuphuhlisa. umsebenzi Working waqala umsebenzi ngumfundi kwi wokushicilela, ivenkile ifanitshala, joinery. yena Revolution wahlangana kwi zibuko yorhwebo, apho wayesebenza umlinganisi.

Ngo-1918, "Krasnaya Gazeta" upapasha izibongo a A. ethile Gutuevsky. Le alias ekuqaleni wawunyula Alexei Surkov, ifoto apho kule minyaka kunokubonwa ephepheni. Yaba imizamo yakhe yokuqala ekubhaleni. Elinesibhozo abafana, kubhaliwe kwathiwa kulo Red Army, ukukhonza gunner umatshini kunye nehashe intlola 1922.

"Solo"

Loxolo, imbongi elizayo wabuyela ekhaya amancinci, apho benza prosvetrabotoy. De 1924 okokuqala kwidolophana ekufutshane, wasebenza endlwini, igumbi lokufundela, lo ngowona ezazivela kwilali ndaba ababekulo lendawo. Uvumo Intatheli kungekudala uba main A. Surkov. Sele "Inyaniso" ngo-1924 kweli phephandaba lishicilelwa imibongo yakhe ezintsha, yaye ngowe-1925 uba lilungu le-Congress of Writers phondo. Kulo nyaka, ukujoyina i CPSU (b), Alexey Surkov na Komsomol, ukuba enxuseneyo correspondent kwiphondo ngokutsha kweli phephandaba "North Komsomolets". Iminyaka emithathu (1926-1928) wabaqhuba njengento umhleli oyintloko, ukwanda ukujikeleza ngu 2 umphinda-nokudala "Uqobo Corner", abaza kuprintwe ekuqaleni iimbongi nababhali iprozi.

NgoMeyi 1928 umthunywa wakhe eMoscow I Congress of Writers, uze kummandla Yaroslavl, yena akayi kubuya, kokwanyulwa kwi RAPP. Ekuqaleni kwale ubuchule zemibongo wabeka lokuqala yapapashwa ngo 1930. Yayibizwa ngokuba "Solo." Ivesi acuity ezahlukeneyo kwezopolitiko kunye nemvo wothand'uhlanga ukuba kakhulu imfuneko. Kwiminyaka ukuba ngenene wazalwa mbongi Alexei Surkov.

Imvelaphi: Ngokutsho kwintsapho yenkosi

Emva kokuba a rhoqo kwiintlanganiso zoncwadi, imbongi udibana Sofey Antonovnoy Krevs, umfazi wakhe elizayo. Esi sibini uzalelwa abantwana ababini: unyana owazalwa ngo-1928 Alexey Natalia nentombi wazalwa ngo-1938 Ngexesha lemfazwe, intsapho bayakusiwa Chistopol, kukho ukusuka phambi ukubhala iileta zabo Alexei Surkov. Xa intombi elizayo aya kuyinyula ngokwabo uvumo kucholacholo lweendaba, ukwenza musicology. UNyana uya kuba emkhosini, i-Air Force sikhulu.

30 waniphawula ngenxa yokuba A. Surkov kufuneka abuyise nokungabikho kwemfundo: yena nje baphumelela Institute of Red ngooNjingalwazi, kodwa wayezithethelela ithisisi bakhe waza waba uprofesa e Institute yoncwadi. Akayi kukuyekela, kwaye nomsebenzi isihloko, ngokubambisana ne M. Gorky ngo "izifundo zoncwadi" iphephancwadi ngelo xesha. Ukusebenza LOKAFe, uyaqhubeka babhale imibongo neengoma malunga Amaqhawe War Civil: "Oontanga", "ekhubekisayo", "Homeland nesibindi." Eminye imisebenzi ezi iingoma: "Chapayev", "Konarmeyskaya".

intatheli ukulwa

"Ukubetha wokulwa ',' Red Army PRAVDA", "The Star" - ezo mpapasho, nto leyo 1939 eyapapashwa voenkor Alexei Surkov. Imbongi wathabatha inxaxheba kungquzulwano ezimbini emkhosini olwandulela IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic: eli phulo Finnish kunye phulo Western Belarus. Nangona imidala injalo neprizyvnoy, ukususela kusuku lokuqala kwemfazwe yena wathunyelwa Front, ekuphumeni ngowe-1943 ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla sombutho. Apho uya kudibana ziimbongi emininzi iminyaka yemfazwe. Ukuba wayeza kunikela umgca odumileyo uKonstantin Simonov esithi: "Ngaba wena khumbula, indlela Alesha, ESmolensk ...".

Njengoko umhleli oyintloko "Yehlabathi Elitsha", wapapasha imihobe, satires kunye iingoma ixesha abacimi. Kuya kupapashwa ingqokelela eziliqela yemibongo, "Imihobe yentiyo", "ekhubekisayo", "Intliziyo Soldier kaThixo". Ngowe-1942 yena phantse uyafa Rzhev, kamva wabhala imigca abuhlungu:

"Ke iimbumbulu elungileyo yini na, kwaye ke ubushushu ayikho eziko,

behamba emphethweni emlilweni I.

Oku kubonakala ngokuthi ukubandezeleka ngunina eqolo

Xa inceba ukufa kum ... "

Kodwa iingoma ezininzi ethandwa iya kuba umsebenzi wakhe. Phakathi kubo: "Wengoma anesibindi", "INgoma abavikeli eMoscow" yaye, Kakade ke, "amaphenyane 'odumileyo.

Ibali lika "dugouts"

Le ngoma wazalwa ngoNovemba 1942 kummandla Istra (ilali Kashino, uMmandla eMoscow), apho kwakufuneka ahambe imvelo kwindawo eneziqhushumbisi. Lowo ndaziva ukuba, phambi kokufa kwakhe, ukunyathela nje ezimbalwa. Kwakubon 'ukuba kudlule ingozi, yonke idyasi waba ebudeni imvubu. Nokuba e Moscow, yena wazalwa imigca adumileyo mbongo kuthunyelwa umfazi Chistopol. Xa edition wabonakala Umqambi uKonstantin Listov, Alexei Surkov wamnika imigca ngesandla-ebhaliweyo, yaye emva kweveki ingoma lwenziwa kuqala ugxa wakhe uMikhail Savin.

Ukususela imbonakalo yakhe yokuqala kwangoko baya ngaphambili, waba iqhekeza ayithandayo wamajoni. Wayecula noLidiya Ruslanova yaye ekuqaleni ngisho nangaphambi iirekhodi kunye kwirekhodi. Kodwa ke yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo, njengabasebenzi ezopolitiko nezirhwexu decadence kwi imigca umbongo wacela ukutshintsha amagama. Kodwa ngoma uye ebantwini. Kukho ubungqina bokuba amajoni waya apho edabini, bekhwaza besithi: "! Memelelani, harmonica, naphezu Blizzard" Le ngoma odumileyo ukusuka kwidolophana Kashino ilitye lesikhumbuzo. Ngoku linakanwa ababhali, osebenzela kumjikelo ngo-1946 yanikwa ipremiyamu kaRhulumente.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Emva kwemfazwe, Alexei Surkov, ogama engobomi uye ezinxulumene kunye Party kunye nomsebenzi karhulumente kwi Umhleli njengentloko "Ogonyok" kunye Umphathi Institute yoncwadi wenza iqashiso kukubanceda italente entsha. Wapapasha Anna Akhmatova, ukukhusela igama lakhe phambi kaYosefu Stalin. Ngelo xesha, ukuba wayeliKomanisi ndeyisekile, yena elingalihloneliyo ubuchule Boris Pasternak, bachasa Solzhenitsyn kunye Andrei yiSakharov. Imbongi iminyaka eliqela, iya ekhokelwa Union of Writers Soviet.

Ngowe-1969, urhulumente uza kubhiyozela impumelelo yakhe Star of Hero yenzinto yabasebenzi. Emva kokufa kwendoda ngo-1983, ngokuba baninzi iya kuba imbongi ephawulekayo, waduma umhlaba Yaroslavl.