Imbali kweevili ezijikelezayo, indalo yayo kunye nophuhliso

Kubonakala ukuba impumelelo elula - wayila kwevili, ukanti mkhulu. ivili Okokuqala midala eMesopotamiya, Hungary, Central Asia kunye kumathafa i-Don kunye Dnieper.

History of the ivili: ekuqaleni

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ivili aluzange xa abantu babalekile. Xa indlela ephila ubomi, baba yonke impahla yakhe ngokwakho. Ivili kokusungulwa, xa ezinzile kwindawo ethile. abantu amavila baqala lwemfuyo yefama: Bahlwayela amasimi, ukuzala imfuyo, ukwakha iindawo zokuhlala ezincinane uze ezinkulu nezixeko.

Yaqala ukuphuhlisa urhwebo ingqolowa, ilitye, iinkuni njalo njalo. Kwaye oku umgama enkulu ekufuneka sizoyisile ukuze umthwalo omkhulu kwaye inzima. Apha yaye kwakukho lo mbono elula.

Njani kumaxesha amandulo ingcamango weza engqondweni? Imbali kwevili kakhulu umdla.

Abantu abasebenza rhoqo ukuba basike bayiwisa iinkuni waza wafumanisa ukuba yenziwe, a ashukumise kancinane.

Ingcamango ekudaleni azisebenzisele

Yaye ngoxa Cro-Magnons owavela kodwa kunye lever. Ukususela ngoko imbali kwamamdla lwevili sele iqalile.

Yenzeka njani le nto? Ngenxa ngokucinezela intonga zinoboya phantsi log, ukuba ukuziqengqa. Emva ngokucindezela ukuba liqengqiwe ngakumbi. Waza waqala ukusebenzisa ngaphezulu eli hlobo wokukhuthaza, apho oko kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuhambisa logs ezininzi.

Weza lo mbono mkhulu - kwambatha r iinkuni kwikonw ngekona omnye nezemithi, kwaye ezityikitywe kunye nabo.

Ngenxa yoko, kwafika ingcinga elandelayo ukuba iinkuni kuthuthwe ke bona babengakwazi kuba "zothutho" ukuba omnye ngaphesheya phezulu ukubeka iinkuni. E Egypt yamandulo oko washukumisa ubukhulu oqingqiweyo ilitye lee. Imbali ngemvelaphi kwevili lwanamhlanje luqhubekeka lusongeza izinto ezinomdla.

ukuphucuka ngakumbi netheknoloji ukuhamba kwempahla

Indlela zokunqika akuzange elula kakhulu: abamelwane ukuba zokunqika ezivuthayo athile kukhululwa phantsi komthwalo, kwaye wayesoloko kwafuneka ngezandla zethu ukuba ziqhubele phambili yaye ecaleni phantsi iinkuni eliphezulu ukuya ngxi. Kukho imfuneko uzilungise.

Umphumo waba into efana neenqwelo kufana. Yena wayengawafuni kunye ezingabonakaliyo. Kodwa wayibeka phezu cargo lingashukumi. Yaqhubeka kuphela cofa nzima phezu zinga. Kwi ezinjalo uphuculo labagcwalisi ithwalwa kwaye nezinye imithwalo, iingxowa kunye iinkozo, amatye, njl

Esi sakhiwo ayekwazi kuphela endaweni ethe tyaba. Nayiphi yimiqobo ngohlobo ilitye endleleni lula bayitshabalalise le sakhiwo. Kwaye ngoko kwakukho ingcamango ukubethelela iinkuni kunye (iziqwenga ezili-10), qhoboshela ezantsi iye iipere ezimbini iinkuni egudileyo-axholiweyo, kwaye sesithathu phakathi ezi - a, ububanzi enkulu agudileyo ukhululekile.

Ngoko kwakukho inqwelo kunokuba salo. Wasusa kakuhle kakhulu kwaye abazange ukuba amsunduze iingalo zakhe, oko kwanele ukuthwesa umgudu. Oku kwase kwevili.

Imbali uphuhliso kwevili kakhulu elide. Phambi kokuba fyabo langoku elisombulula ezininzi iingxaki zamavili eliphakathi.

Ukuphuculwa zothutho ukuthuthwa kweempahla

Okokuqala isuswe enqwelweni eloga zombini ngababini, eshiya izileyi ezimbini kuphela. ke ukhuselekile enqwelweni ezityiwa zobhedu, kodwa ukuze uphendule. Yaba ethile enkulu: ubukhulu ezahlukeneyo yaxakathwa ezahlukeneyo iinkuni kwakhokelela ekubeni ekujikeni, inqwelo ecaleni.

Emva koko kwavezwa ukuba loo nqwelo, phantsi leyo umkhenkce salo sokurhuqa kwiziko kunokuba emiphethweni, ukuhambisa ngokulinganayo. Le inqwelo kunyusa ukuya ezincinci. Emva koko, lo Umsunguli ahambise ushiye izileyi ezimbini kuphela emacaleni lonke log, naphakathi kwabo - ipali obhityileyo. Emva koko, yahlukanisa izileyi isuke kwipali, ndafumana ivili.

Imbali isenzeko kweevili njengoko sele egqibile amaziko bobugcisa ukuze ukuhamba kwempahla kunye tsala yaqala phantse kuloo mzuzu.

Ivili yokuqala yayinzima kakhulu. Lo moya wawukhona inqwelo kunye amavili okuqinileyo oqingqiweyo ukusuka buti umthi omkhulu (i-Indiya kwisixeko samandulo Mohenjo-Daro).

Kungekudala, ngokuba iinqwelo baqalisa ukusebenzisa izilwanyana ikwenze. Lo mzuzu yaba kukutshintsha nangokuthatha kwimbali ukuqulunqwa nokuphuculwa kwezothutho. Zivuselela utshintshwano ezahlukeneyo umdla lwevili yembali. Iinqwelo kwakhona enziwe iinguqu ezibalulekileyo.

design cart Improvement

Kumaxesha amandulo kwakukho iindidi ezimbini yeemveliso: yevili yombumbi isangqa kunye inqwelo. Imvelaphi - pulleys izinyanya, amagiya indlela iiyure, amanzi amavili, njl ..
Iinqwelo yokuqala baba ebusika elula, kwambatha enamavili. Nevuthisayo ngexesha yena, baba nangeempahla ezibukhali zesinyithi yanamathela. Nesondo asi ngokwayo kwakusaziwa ngokudibeneyo. Noko ke, xa yenqwelo kunye amavili ezinjalo, safika ngaphandle elide kakhulu ngaphakathi. Kulo mba, ivili wayesoloko wayifaka okanye yaphum '.

Uyilo Kamva yodwa ngokukhululekileyo, njengoko axis nto zibambene nayo nenqwelwana. Oku avunyelwe ukuya ngokukhawuleza baze babuyele lula.

Umlimi neenqwelo yokuqala yaba, hearses iinqwelo zasebukhosini ezingcwele kunye neenqwelo zokulwa woothixo.

Iinqwelo zokuqala ezimbini ze-wheel ezine. Nangona kunjalo, le yokugqibela ziye usebenze. Kutheni? I-asi diff kwaye ngaphambili eziqhotyoshelwe izindlu. Eli qela ayikwazanga ukwenza amathuba ezibukhali.

kwiminyaka eyi 2000 eyadlulayo le asi mobile ngaphambili kwemoto ukuba ukuba abasebenzi ukuba babuyele kulo naliphi icala.

Sele BC nkulungwane yesibini. e. e yaseMzantsi mpuma Asia wasungula ivili spoked.

umfanekiso amavili Ancient

Le mizobo yokuqala iliwa yamandulo (3000 BC. E.) ebusika kunye namavili ezifumaneka Isifundo yaseSamariya kwiphondo.

Umfanekiso kweevili kwi-East nesele nomfanekiso kwelanga, namandla. Xa neentsomi ezahlukeneyo iintlanga ezininzi baqalisa ukuba uthunyelwe imifanekiso ivili. Ehambisana ivili ilanga ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Sun - sublime nasesangqeni kweevili - kumjikelo efanayo, kodwa oko kuvumela umntu ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Konke oku - ukugqithisela kunye ubunganga.

Kubekho amarhe okuba nangoku akabonakalanga ivili yokuqala endala eMesopotamiya, yaye Turkey empumalanga, yaye mhlawumbi kumantla Iran. Emva koko wabonakala kwimimandla esemantla.

Iintlobo amavili yamandulo

Sele kule nkulungwane BC 3 Wheel yayithi jize nesikhumba kwi leminyaka 2 wabethelelwa ivili neenzipho eveleleyo elunxwemeni ngaphandle. Oku kwenziwa ukuze ukwandisa adhesion zabo phezu komhlaba. Kwaye ke kuba eziqinileyo, kodwa hayi evela isiqu enye, wabeka kunye iqanjwa ezintathu.

Ngexesha le amahashe yasekhaya, yaye kukho iinqwelo, leyo ziye zohlulwa iinqwelo (fast) kunye amaqela kukumkani. Kwakukho neenqwelo ngokukodwa kuqoqosho (kunye nenkabi).

Imbali kweevili ezijikelezayo, xa uqala, isifundo elula ezinjalo, ibonisa ukuba uhlanga ngalunye ukwenza utshintsho luncedo kuyilo bayo, ukuze ibe ngcono ngokukhawuleza.

Waza wabatshayela loo nqwelo ukuya eMpuma, ukuya China (Yin ubukumkani era). Sele 2000 BC. e. Isondo spoked umphetho.

Ivili Europe

Imbali elandelayo ivili kunye nophuhliso yayo neyayanyaniswa ngokukodwa zezizwe Celtic. Baqala ke ukuba kufike "yezihlangu" ivili metal (1500 BC. E.), kodwa kuphela isibini kwiinkulungwane (ngexesha kweMfazwe seTrojan) zasuka nazo phantse yonke ezenziwe ngentsimbi.

On heroes Homeric ezinjalo alwa. Malunga ngeenqwelo ezinjalo bancome wabhala umprofeti yeBhayibhile UNahum. Bona indlela ezaphukileyo kakhulu, ngoko 50 BC. e. Kuye owadala samkelwa umthetho yokuqala ukulawula umthwalo kwi nganye zindandela ukuya kwi 250 kg.

Kangangeminyaka 3000 ivili wamandulo satshintsha ubomi phantse lonke elaseYurophu. Kodwa Afrika (kummandla kumzantsi weSahara), i-Asia (mpuma) kunye Australia bengekafiki.

Ibali lokwenyaniso kwevili khange kufundwe de kube sekupheleni. Kukho kwakhona hypothesis enjalo ekudaleni ivili. Iimbiza abantu basebenzisa (nangona yagoso) zivalwa - 6000 iminyaka BC. e. Kodwa nokufika yevili yombumbi kunye nohlobo izitya is ngcono kakhulu. A uluhlu zomdongwe - kwaye kukho ivili, nje abeke kwicala elinye. Ngoko ke, ngubani waboleka ingcamango? Mhlawumbi emva kokuba onke umqhubi xa umbumbi?