Ikomkhulu Russia yamandulo: eyokuqala kunye elandelayo

Inzala kwimbali izizwe Slavic, ingakumbi isebe osempuma, namhlanje kuyanda yonke imihla. Rhoqo eendaba kukho iinkcazo kunye nantoni na awayefike sele abakreqayo phantsi izibakala lusekiwe, nokubohlwaya badane okanye ukuqinisekisa kubo. Kukho iingxoxo malunga nomba kwaba isihloko kwekomkhulu Russia yamandulo yintoni umzi. Makhe uzame ukuqonda oku.

Zamaqhawe laqala

Ukuba uyakholwa amavo kunye yemihla, sele beza kuthi ukususela kwixesha lakudala, lo ngowona Kyïv waye unina izixeko Russian. Polyansky nabathetheli wahlanganisa izizwe Slavic wayibeka phezu isixeko intaba, elabhengezwa wahlala kulo. Ehlabathini kwinkulungwane yesihlanu (umhla isiseko nhloko Ukrainian) isixeko wakhula kunye aphuhliswe yaye waya esomelela eli lizwe kunye naye. Xa eweni le Dnieper afike i Vikings, Kiev wayesele iziko evenkileni ezaziwayo-kakuhle kule ngingqi. Ruric sokuba kwenziwe kakhulu ukuba urhulumente kunye nesiseko igunya lakhe phezulu kwihlabathi ephakathi.

Urhulumente wakhula, yaye kwakukho inzala eninzi yentsapho njengenkosana. Wonke umntu wayefuna lokulawula waseka mzi, apho ibango ukuba yinkosana. Ngoko ke, lo wokuqala ikomkhulu Russia yamandulo lafumana uncedo ngaphantsi, ezinamandla amaninzi. Kwaye xa ubutyebi kunye namandla eyayiseKiev kucinywa, kwakukho iqela elikhulu kwemizi sesiqale ukuba bazibize Capital. Endaweni leyo ubulawuli of Kiev, ethe yalahleka ubukhulu yayo ehlabathini kwafika abanye: ESmolensk, Novgorod-Seversky, Ryazan, Chernigov, uVladimir-Suzdal, yaye kamva eMoscow. Ngoko ke, ikomkhulu Russia yamandulo wayengeyedwa.

Golden-eyakhiwe Kyïv

Ukuba utitshala kwi amabali eklasini isibheno umfundi umbuzo, tsalela ikomkhulu Russia yamandulo, akazange alibazise ukuphendula, kuba Kiev. sixeko Michael kaThixo umi phezu kweentaba ezisixhenxe, ezifana eRoma, iYerusalem okanye eConstantinople. Yena unesikhundla kuluncedo ngokungaqhelekanga geographical kwaye ekwahlukaneni kweendlela zorhwebo ezinkulu. Ukususela mhla yasekwa, kude kube lixesha Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe nokutshatyalaliswa wakhe Khan Batu, wayedlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi mmandla. Ngoko ke, ngo-1020 ikomkhulu Russia yamandulo - yi Kiev.

Ukunyuka evela uthuthu, nangona wayesele inceba abamelwane ezinamandla ngakumbi, kodwa nokukhulisa nokuphuhlisa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuso yakhe entle. Nangona kunjalo, kuloo kwakukhunjulwa abantu baloo mzi wahlala becala njengoko zigxile ubomi zenkcubeko yokomoya.

Veliky Novgorod

iqala imbali yayo ijikeleza Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane yesithoba neyeshumi. Nangona abembi ziye zacebisa ukuba ummandla yabantu banamhla Novgorod beza ngaphambili kakhulu kunokuba kucingwa. Esi sixeko, yasekwa nokuxubana, sakhiwa elandela umzekelo Kiev. Apha sakhiwe njenge Nkundla St. Nozipho Cathedral kaThixo, indawo eliphangaleleyo for the People. Le ikomkhulu Russia yamandulo ukususela isiseko wenza nje kwezorhwebo osisityebi ngenkcubeko olwahluke, idemokhrasi kunye nokuziphatha. Kodwa imbeko Kiev ne wathuma amajoni akhe ngokucelwa abathetheli Capital.

Xa Kiev wawa phantsi izithonga ye Mongols, Novgorod usindileyo. Oku kwamenza ukuba angalandeli abanye izilawuli Russian, kwaye Novgorod Republic kudala wanda kwaye kurhaxwa kubunewunewu.

enye imali

Abanye abaphandi ukuchonga ezine kwekomkhulu Russia yamandulo. Zezi:

• Kiev;
• Novgorod, kamva eyabizwa ngokuba i Grand;
• Staraya Ladoga;
• Vladimir.

I ezimbini zokuqala sibheke le nqaba. Kwinkulungwane XI (1020), ikomkhulu Russia yamandulo - isixeko of Kiev, waza waba yintloko logama nje akazange yayibanjwe Mongols ngo-1240. Ukususela ngoko, urhulumente medieval iye yaphela, ngoko ukuthetha malunga imizi emikhulu ngayo ingamampunge.

Ladoga Vladimir-on-Klyazma

Staraya Ladoga namhlanje - i ilali encinane, apho Rurik wahlala iminyaka emibini phambi kokuba wabiza Novgorod. It ihlala Prince edume unika ilungelo ukubhekisela inani izidanga iingqukuva ezisemantloko ithi yamandulo. Noko ke, kukho enye into, njengoko abembi baye baqinisekisa ukuba isixeko yasekwa liSebe Varangians, yaye abemi kwa- abafuduki abasuka yaseScandinavia. Ezinye eyinkunzi yamandulo eRashiya, ezifana Novgorod, uVladimir naseKiev zakhiwa kwaye ihlalwa nokuxubana, ngenxa yokuba ilungelo ngakumbi ukubiza izixeko eziphambili. Kwaye urhulumente hlobo akakho, kwavela kamva, xa Lesiprofeto Oleg wajoyina sisichotho Kiya.

Vladimir - isixeko esikhethwe yena Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii emva kolo hambo kwi Kiev. Le seLizwe ngexesha esinamandla kunye nezityebi, ngoko ke isihloko dolophu wamnika Vladimir-on-Klyazma nempumelelo engakumbi. Oku yayisisiqalo ukwakhiwa icawa kunye neetempile, amabhotwe obutofotofo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane elinesine, apha idluliselwe Archdiocese. Emva kokuba Mongol ukuhlaselwa kunye nokuvela Moscow Vladimir kancane kwaphela eyona igunya layo, kodwa ngokusesikweni wahlala elikomkhulu.

endaweni yokuba UYobi

Siye sahlolisisa ikomkhulu yamandulo eRashiya, apho kuye kwaqatshelwa ngokusesikweni njengoko injalo. Le ndawo yamandulo kunye ubutyebi bembali kunye iintsomi ezintle. Endaweni yayo, yaye namhlanje ungabona izakhiwo iingangamsha ezisikhumbuza uzuko elidlulileyo. Bonke bephela ngasihlandlo sinye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi karhulumente aphakathi kwe Eastern nokuxubana. Kwaye namhlanje ukuba ekutsaleni abakhenkethi kunye ezinika ezizodwa, apho ezazakhiwe yi iinkosi kakhulu eYurophu.

Yintoni likomkhulu Russia yamandulo? Ungeva impendulo enye, kuba zonke isidanga ofanele ukuba ukunxiba isihloko, kwakunye nezinye izixeko ezininzi eziye iingqukuva ezisemantloko izilawuli, kwaye namhlanje GEMS kwimaphu yehlabathi.