Iipropati ngokomzimba

Udidi Iipropati emzimbeni - enye iikhonsepthi inkulu eyenziweyo oluphawula ngendidi ezininzi iimpawu izinto, izinto ezinzulu ngaphandle apho umsebenzi cognitive woMntu lee.

Ngengqiqo ebanzi, le mihlaba ziimpawu zonke iipropati non-eekhemikhali izinto, ngamanye ezinjalo ukuba ubuncwane-akhawunti okusegazini intsebenziswano yayo kunye nezinye izinto.

Ezi ziquka iimpawu ezifana yokunyibilika kunye nobushushu ukubila parameters, umthamo ubushushu conductivity thermal, izinto mninzi. Ngeempawu electrophysical zezi inductance, conductivity thermal rhoqo Heating. kubaluleke kakhulu iimpawu ezifana edalwayo, umbala, ingqondo.

Le meko ibalulekileyo ukuqonda iimpawu kunye neempawu yaloo mmandla, esibonisa, eyadlalwa into ebonakalayo ukuba iyeza kuba iikhemikhali cala kwaye uzinzile kuphela kwimeko apho ezinzileyo isakhiwo nokwakhiwa molecule ayo. Oku kubalulekile kuba, baze kwi enye imo udibaniso, iimpawu ezibonakalayo kwento kunokuba ezahlukeneyo. Ezi mahluko igqitywa ezahlukeneyo iimeko, ezifana nesakhiwo crystal emkhusaneni, abayifumanayo njengenxalenye yesisombululo, kunye nabanye.

Ngaphandle kokukhetha, zonke izinto zifumaneka kwindalo ilifa iipropati emzimbeni, oko kumiselwe indima yayo kwiinkqubo zendalo. Hi xikombiso, le kwawe (kule ndawo kudla ezicatshuliweyo njengentelekiso kwamaqondo obushushu Ukuqinisa i), ebonisa ubushushu umda apho eqinileyo umzimba crystalline zinokudluliselwa kwimeko engamanzi. Kule nkcazelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba igama engundoqo elithi "kwangathi", oko kukuthi, oko kuthetha ukuba kubushushu elinikiweyo, izinto isenokuba nokuba engamanzi okanye eqinileyo. Kodwa ukuba oku lobushushu ukunyuka, iziyobisi, kakade, uya zibe kwimeko elulwelo, yaye ngenxa yoko - phezu koko. Olu luphawu ebonakalayo ukwimo izalana ngokusondeleyo ukuya kwenye impahla - ingongoma abilayo, kodwa ke ezi mihlaba ziyafana kuphela kwimeko xa kuziwa into ecocekileyo.

Xa siqwalasela iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezifana Unikezelo lombane, lombane, anxulumene sub-iqela le electro, kufuneka bathi mihlaba agcwele ukukwazi komzimba bomntu ukuba kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa umbane. Ngokuxhomekeka oku, ezo imizimba leyo ukuqhuba umbane ibizwa abaqhubi, ngelixa abo ungaphoswa - dielectrics. Ngokusekelwe ubunjalo bomzimba i data, thina kwaoko sinokugqiba iipropati imichiza. Y abaqhubi basoloko iziphathi simahla yombane, kodwa dielectrics enjalo abangenazo. Le ngxelo sifikelela kwisigqibo sokuba iimpawu ezibonakalayo linxibelelene kakhulu iimpawu imichiza, yaye anikane kunokubangela omnye.

Ngoncedo emzimbeni parameters linokuchazwa njenge inani elikhulu kwezinto kunye nezinto ezisingqongileyo kwindalo. Umzekelo, iimpawu ezingundoqo wenyama nitrogen - into leyo icandelo ephambili umoya esiwusezelayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

Nitrogen a gas enemibala emihle, nto leyo eye lobushushu yokunyibilika alingana ukuya -210 ° C, kwakunye lobushushu -196 ° C, nitrogen amathumba. Nitrogen enyibilikayo emanzini nokuxinana yayo yi 0.0012506 g / cm3. Abehla Heating -nitrogen kubushushu elingana 1.000528 ukuya 25 ° C.

Okanye, umzekelo, iimpawu ezibonakalayo Kwezinto Eziphelisa luphawulwa ezinjalo iparameters. Ozone - kukwayinto entle igesi ezingenambala kunye livumba oluthile incasa, uba ithinti ezimnyama-blowu, kwaye okuqinileyo kuba abamnyama zikarhulumente engamanzi. lobushushu ozone yokunyibilika Iqondo lobushushu lihle laya -192,7, kwaye amathumba kwi -111,9 ° C. Ozone enyibilikayo emanzini, abe njalo Heating ka 1.0019 (kwi-0 ° C), kwaye ukuxinana 0,002144 g / cm3 (kwi-20 ° C).