Iintsholongwane izifo: yokuhlala. Iintsholongwane emzimbeni womntu

Iintsholongwane - abemi kakhulu iplanethi yethu. Bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa phantse iimeko bonke ebomini. Iintsholongwane zikhona on Earth ezigidi zeminyaka. ngokubanzi zisasazwe kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye akhoyo kuzo zonke izidalwa zalo. Kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela lo mbuzo oko uhlobo izifo ebangela iintsholongwane. Habitat ezi zinto ziphilayo ziya kuthathelwa ingqalelo nazo yi nathi.

Kwemvelo of iintsholongwane

abameli babo yokuqala ukuvela kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-3.5 billion eyadlulayo. Kuba phantse-gidi zeminyaka, ezi eziphilayo kwakukho kuphela izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Okokuqala, iibhaktheriya kuba nesakhiwo kwakudala. Ngoko ke inzima kakhulu, kunjalo, yaye ngoku ezi eziphilayo zezona abangekaphuhli olunye-elilodwa. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba kweli xesha lethu, amanye aye wayilondoloza iimpawu ngokuqhelekileyo wooyise. Oku kusebenza kwi eziphilayo kwi nemithombo sulphur eshushu, kwakunye abaphila emazantsi amachibi (in muds anoxic).

iintsholongwane

eziphilayo Soil - iqela elikhulu iintsholongwane. ukuma kwabo ngokupheleleyo siqheliswe ngakumbi ukuba siphila kwezo meko, leyo zikhethe. Ekuhambeni zazivelela, cishe ayikatshintshi. Imilo ye iintsholongwane ukuze sifane intonga, ibhola. Kungafuneka kwakhona imilo egosogoso. Ezi eziphilayo zinemisebenzi hemosintetikami. Ngamanye amazwi, le wamandla elungiswe reactions ezithile redox, ezithi zenzeke kunye nxaxheba yeKharbon dayokhsayidi (carbon dioxide). Ngenxa yale nkqubo ezi zinto ziphilayo nokulungelelanisa ezi izinto, ezo zisetyenziselwa ezinye iintlobo zobomi.

Iintlobo iintsholongwane emhlabeni

zathu utyebile nezohlukeneyo nokwakheka yebhaktiriya. Phakathi abemi balo ahluka:

• bacteria ukubola ;
• nitrogen-ukulungisa izinto eziphilayo;
• neentsholongwane, nto leyo ke yokuhlala - umhlaba;
• iintsholongwane ukubila (acetic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid);
• ezincane, ukunciphisa enzima.

Phakathi kwabo, asingabo bonke ziyingozi kuzo izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Abaninzi, kwelinye icala, ziluncedo. Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo yendalo. Noko ke, kule emhlabeni kwaye kukho iintsholongwane. endaweni yawo kunegalelo yokuba kakhulu zizityalo ubunzima ngabo.

Uthintelo iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo emhlabeni

Ukuba iphathwa ngobunono umhlaba ngamathuba athile alternate izityalo ezilinywa kuyo, kuya kuba ukumelana iintsholongwane eziyingozi kunye izinto eziyityhefu ngokwabo. Umzekelo, iyeza ityhefu lisoloko ivele kwi kubola kunye nokubola lweengcambu, isiqu namagqabi. Noko ke, impilo yomhlaba, le nkqubo iza kwenzeka ngokwendalo, akuyi ezizalana iintsholongwane izityalo izifo. Le ngxaki ivela xa kakhulu inani wezityalo kufuna ukuba processing. Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukuba ukusika namasebe nesilima ndiyakuncothula imithi, amatyholo isuswe wazigawula; ukuba wenze zonke iitshiphusi, iingcambu kunye amasetyana ukusuka kwisiza.

Le ukulwa iintsholongwane izifo

Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba isayithi yakho egula ngalo lonke ixesha, omnye kuphela uhlobo lwesityalo, akukho mfuneko kunyaka ngamnye ukutshiza amagqabi ezichaphazelekayo nezikhondo. Isibakala sokuba umthombo eyingozi uhleli emhlabeni. Ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukukhusela imbewu ukususela ekusulelekeni. Ke izityalo siphuma kuzo, ziya kuba enempilo.

Exutywe namanzi, potassium permanganate yindlela elula ukulwa iintsholongwane. Kufuneka exutywe amanzi 1 g ngalinye 100 ml yamanzi nganye. Oku kulandelwa seyure enesiqingatha hlala kuyo imbewu, uze pula kakuhle ngamanzi. Enye arhente - inyibilike selitha yamanzi 1 gram ye ziikristale of potassium permanganate "ilitye blue" (sulfate lobhedu) kwaye udibanise 0.2 g boric acid.

iintsholongwane izifo emzimbeni womntu

Ezi eziphilayo - gazi-eziphila. Yintoni na ingozi iintsholongwane izifo zabantu? Bona kuxhaswa ngokusebenzisa enye into ephilayo, kuquka abantu. Ukongeza, Abulala imveliso yokugqibela yobomi babo. Ngenxa yoko, kusenokubakho izifo Inzima ikholera, icesina, anthrax, isifo sephepha, iBrucellosis, kunye nabanye.

Avamise kakhulu phakathi kwabo: indawo amathe yabantu yomguli, kwakunye izitya kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa yi sisigulane. Kananjalo ungakwazi ukungena emzimbeni emoyeni lidala endlwini. iintsholongwane izifo afumaneka emanzini, ukutya phantse zonke iindawo. Kubo ezingcolileyo ingakumbi zivuma. Ukusuka izilwanyana ezigulayo nazo bosulelekile, ngenxa yokuba ezinye zezi ntsholongwane, iyingozi na kuzo, yaye kusenzakalisa.

Nezityalo, thina bathi njengoko, zingachaphazela iintsholongwane. endaweni yawo kuquka, ingakumbi, iziqhamo izityalo. Abangaboni ngayo neziqhamo kube lula sizimisele. Ngoko ke, ukhathalelo kufuneka isiwe imifuno kunye neziqhamo zisetyenziswa ukutya, ingakumbi endle-ekhulayo. Ngapha koko, amagciwane amabi na izinto ezibanga izifo ezinobungozi. ngococeko, kwakunye yokwaneka indawo - oku yokuthintela ilungileyo.

colon eletha

iintsholongwane izifo, indawo yokuhlala leyo - umzimba womntu, baninzi. Ngokomzekelo, E. coli. Kuyinto iintsholongwane relationship, umthombo sokondla esetyenziswa izilwanyana ezinegazi elishushu. Advantageously, i E. coli intonga-emise. It uhlala kakhulu inxalenye esezantsi sayo emathunjini. Noko ke, E. coli iyafumaneka kwakhona kwiimveliso emanzini. Ngapha koko, ukuba angaphila ixesha elithile kokusingqongileyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi (iintlobo) ezi zilwanyana bacteria. Inxalenye ephambili kubo akuyongozi. Ezi eziphilayo ezisegumbini flora eqhelekileyo amathumbu zombini izilwanyana kunye nabantu. Ubushushu 37 ° C elilelona kubo.

Enye inguqulo ukuba E. coli ingena emzimbeni womntu iiyure ezingama-40 emva kokuzalwa kwakhe, yaye uhlala kuyo yonke ebomini bomntu. Umthombo ivela emzimbeni kunokuba ubisi umama okanye abantu banxibelelane umntwana. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, eli gciwane nangoku esizalweni uhlale umzimba.

E. coli ongenzakalisiyo iimeko zokusingqongileyo esiqhelekileyo kuyo. Noko ke, loo nto yinto ebangela isifo ukuba kubonakala kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wethu. Ngaphezu koko, neentlobo zayo yayintsholongwane eyosulela kusichukumisa evela ngaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, umntu uye babone iintlobo zosulelo gastro-emathunjini.

streptococci

Ezi iibhaktheriya ezibangela izifo, enze malunga nesiqingatha microflora oropharynx yethu. Kodwa apha akukho yingozi. ukutya okuseleyo okanye epithelium desquamated - yamnandi zizondlo medium for streptococci. Kananjalo abayifumanayo iphecana zesisu, amalungu okuzala, isiqephu sokuphefumla. Inani elikhulu kwezi zinto ziphilayo ohlala kwisikhumba yabantu. Okukwazi ithintela uphuhliso lwabo.

Iintsholongwane phantsi inyathelo eziliqela okuwa ziguqulwa zibe iintsholongwane amathuba izifo. Ngenxa yoko, bangenwe kakhulu.

staphylococci

Ukususela ekuzalweni, umntu uqalisa ukunxibelelana usulelo, nto leyo ibangelwa Staphylococcus aureus. Body ubomi uvelisa sifo kakhulu kuyo. Phantsi yempembelelo eziliqela, ezi ntsholongwane eziguqulelwe kwi izifo. Bona kuchaphazela eluswini, kwaye kukho nerhasi, pyoderma, amathumba, amathumba kunye abengezelayo. Ukosuleleka kukhokelela folliculitis, cellulitis, phlegmon le soft izicwili, amathumba, imastitis kunye gidradenity.

Staphylococcus aureus lingena singene emzimbeni egazini. Yenza yesifo sentliziyo (endocarditis kunye pericarditis), amathambo (osteomyelitis), amalungu (samathambo ziibhakteriya), inkqubo wokuchama, ingqondo, iphecana ezisezantsi neziphezulu zemiphunga. Phantse zonke izihlunu kunye namalungu zingachaphazela usuleleko staphylococcal. Iintlobo izifo ezisibangwayo, kukho angaphezu kwekhulu. enterotoxins Staphylococcus, oluwe phecana zesisu kunye nokutya, kukhokelela ekubeni ityhefu ukutya (ityhefu).

Abantwana ukuya ngonyaka, kunye nabantu abadala kunye abanamajoni omzimba buthathaka sifo kusuleleko. ukoyiswa kubonakaliswa ziyahluka. Baxhomekeke kwendawo kokukhutshelwa ephilayo Staphylococcus, isidanga lwalo ndlongondlongo, kwakunye nemeko amajoni omzimba yesigulana.

tubercle eletha

Le ndoda yiNTSHOLONGWANE inegciwane tubercle, wagula nesifo sephepha. Emathanjeni, izintso, imiphunga, kunye nezinye izigqeba kukho amaqhuma ezincinane ekugqibeleni iba. Isifo sephepha - isifo eyingozi kakhulu, umzabalazo kunye leyo maxa wambi kule minyaka idlulileyo.

Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis - nayo iintsholongwane ezibangela isifo. Usulelo kukhokelela inkangeleko an kusichaphazela ngakumbi, yaye omnye sezifo idlule - sibetho. Ngamanye amaxesha, Iimpawu zokuqala ekusulelekeni ukufa idlula kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa. Kumaxesha amandulo, izifo kwesi sifo yintlekele eyoyikekayo. Kwakukho iimeko apho umzana kunye izixeko ezibini zafa kubo.

Ngokomzekelo, kwinkulungwane-6, esi sifo eyangena eMpuma Central Europe. Ehlokomayo apha, isibetho wabulala amawaka abantu ngosuku kwizixeko ezikhulu. Kwaye kule mihla lona luhlala sisifo yingozi. iintsholongwane isibetho athwale iintakumba, leyo ngokutya igazi iimpuku, iimpuku kunye gophers.

Ezinye kwendawo iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo

Iintsholongwane ukhetha ubomi, kungekuphela nje kwezo ndawo ezithe zaxoxwa apha ngasentla. Abanye zikhona kwiimeko ezibonakala ukuba akafanelekanga ubomi. Oku imithombo yamanzi ashushu, kwaye polar kulengqele ukuxutywa emoyeni, yaye ingcinezelo enamandla. Le ukulwa iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela lubalulekile kuyo yonke indawo. Ngapha koko, kweli hlabathi akukho ndawo enjalo, apho, ezingenakulinganiswa ukuba andibhaqwa.

Ngoko ke, sathetha ngayo uhlobo iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo yaye apho zihlala khona. Kakade ke, eli nqaku lichaza into engundoqo abameli babo. Iintlobo amagciwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela, njengoko naziyo, baninzi, ngoko nabaqheleneyo nabo nobuhlala ixesha elide kakhulu.