Iindaba eziphathekayo kwi-microbiology

Uphando lweebhaktheriya lufuna umsebenzi onobuchule kunye nezixhobo ezininzi kunye nezixhobo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-microorganism kwi-laboratory zinokuphindaphinda ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinokugcina umsebenzi obalulekileyo oqhelekileyo, ezona zisetyenziswayo. Ukubunjwa kwazo kunye neemeko ze-biophysical zifanelekile ukukhula okusebenzayo kwenkcubeko yebhaktheriya.

Media media. Microbiology kunye nezinye izicwangciso zesicelo

Iikholeji zebhaktriya kwi-laboratory zikhulile kwiitya ze-petri, ezizaliswe nge-jelly okanye i-semi-liquid content. Ezi zineendaba eziphathekayo, ukwakhiwa kunye neepropati zazo ezikufutshane kunokwenzeka kwizinto zendalo ukwenzela ukukhula kwekhcubeko.

Ezi endaba zisetyenziselwa kwizifundo ze-microbiologi nakwii-laboratories zonyango. Umsebenzi wokugqibela udla ngokuphindaphindiweyo nge-bacterium ye-pathogenic okanye ye-conditionally-pathogenic, imeko echanekileyo echanekileyo ngqo kwiziko.

Imithombo yolondolozo lwendalo kunye nolungelelaniso

Umgaqo ophezulu wokusebenza neebhaktheriya kukukhethwa okufanelekileyo kwesidlo esisondlo. Kufuneka idibene nayo ngokweendlela ezininzi, phakathi kwazo umxholo we-micro-and-macroelements, i-enzymes, ixabiso eliqhubekayo le-asidi, uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic kunye nepesenti ye-oksijini emoyeni.

Amajelo amacandelo ahlelwe ngamacandelo amabini amakhulu:

1. Indawo zendalo. Imixube enjalo ilungiselelwe kwizinto zendalo. Le nto ingaba ngamanzi emlambo, izityalo zityalo, umquba, imifuno, izicubu zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana, imvubelo, njl. Iimeko ezilolo hlobo zibonakaliswe ngumxholo ophezulu weekhemikhali zendalo, ezahlukahlukeneyo ezibangela ukukhula kwenkcubeko yebhaktheriya. Naphezu kwezibonelelo ezinjalo ezibonakalayo, indawo engokwemvelo ayivumeli ukuqhuba izifundo ezizodwa kunye nemida ethile yeebhaktheriya.
2. Iimeko zendalo. Ziyahluka ngohlobo lwezolimo zamanzi ziyaziwa ngokulingana kwazo zonke izixhobo. Ezi endaba zilungiselelwe inkcubeko ethile yebhaktheriya, i-metabolism eyaziwa kwangaphambili kumphandi. Enyanisweni, ngenxa yeso sizathu kunokwenzeka ukuba ulungiselele umgangatho onjalo wokuvelisa ukuphuhliswa kwama-microorganms. Ziyasetyenziswa ukuhlalutya umsebenzi obalulekileyo weebhaktheriya. Umzekelo, unokufumana ukuba zeziphi izinto ezizikhuphayo kwimeko kunye nokuba zininzi. Kwimihlaba yendalo, ii-microorganisms ziya kukhula, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukulandelelanisa nayiphi na inguqu ebonakalayo ekubunjweni ngenxa yokungazi ubuninzi bokuqala kwezinto.

Indawo yokuxilongwa ngokubanzi

Ekusebenziseni neibhaktheriya, akusiyo kuphela imithombo yeendaba enezondlo ezisetyenziswayo. I-Microbiology iyinzululwazi enkulu, ngoko ke, xa kuqhutyelwa isifundo, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukukhetha amancinci ezinye zezibonakaliso. Ukusetyenziswa kwemimandla yokuxilonga ngokuhlukileyo kwi-laboratory kwenza kube lula ukukhetha iikholeji ezifunekayo kwisitya se-petri ngokubhekiselele kwisimo sezinto eziphilayo.

Ukubunjwa kweendawo ezilolo hlobo kuhlala kubandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Iimveliso zokukhula kweseli.

2. I-substrate ehlalutyiweyo (i-substance).

3. Isibonakaliso esiza kubonisa umbala othile xa kwenzeka okuthile.

Umzekelo wendawo yokuxilonga ngokungafaniyo ye-nutrient "Endo". Isetyenziselwa ukukhetha iikholoni zebhaktheriya ezingakwazi ukuphula i-lactose. Ekuqaleni, uhlobo olunjalo lunemibala ebomvu. Ukuba i-colony ye-microorganms ayikwazi ukuphula i-lactose, ithatha umbala omhlophe oqhelekileyo. Ukuba ibhaktheriya inokuhlukanisa le substrate, ifakwe umbala obomvu obomvu.

Imithombo yeendaba

Iibhoratri zokuxilonga zihlala zisebenza kunye ne-smears, eziqulethe ezininzi iintlobo zeebhaktheriya. Kuyacaca ukuba, ngenxa yomsebenzi ophezulu, kuyimfuneko ukuba ngandlela-thile ukhethe iikholoni esizidingayo kubantu abaninzi ngaphandle. Umthombo wezondlo zebhaktheriya, obunokubunjwa obufanelekileyo ngokubomi boluhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwe-microorganism, lunokunceda apha.

Ngokomzekelo, isixhobo esinjalo esikhethiweyo sifaneleka kuphela ukusasazwa kwe-Escherichia coli. Emva koko, ekuhlwayeleni iibhaktheriya ezininzi kwisitya sePetri, siya kubona kuphela iikholoni ze-E. coli enye kwaye akukho. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenza, kuyimfuneko ukwazi i-metabolism yebteriki ukwenzela ukuba uyiphucule ngempumelelo kwimxube yezinye iintlobo.

I-solid, semi-liquid kunye ne-media media nutrient

Iibhaktheriya zingahluthwa kungekuphela kwintshukumo eqinileyo. Amajelo amacandelo ahlukeneyo kwilizwe lilonke, elixhomekeke ekubunjweni ngexesha lokwenza. Ekuqaleni, bonke banokwenziwa kombane, kwaye xa i-gelatin okanye i-agar yongezwa kwipesenti ethile, umxube ukhululeka.

I-media media nutrient often is found in tubes test. Ukuba kukho isidingo sokwanda kweebhaktheriya kwiimeko ezinjalo, faka isisombululo kunye nesampuli yenkcubeko uze ulinde iintsuku ezingama-2-3. Isiphumo sichaphazelekayo: ukukhawuleza, ifilimu ibonakala, iiflegi ezincinane zihamba okanye isisombululo esibhakabhaka senziwa.

Isiqhamo esinezondlo esisondlo sisoloko sisetyenziselwa kwisifundo se-microbiological ukuze sifunde iipropathi zee-colonies ze-bacteria. Ezi endaba zihlala zibonakala zibala okanye ziguquguqukayo, ukuze kube lula ukucacisa umbala kunye nesimo senkcubeko yezilwanyana ezincinci.

Ukulungiswa kweendaba eziphathekayo

Ukulungelelanisa lula izinto ezinjalo njengemixube yenyama-peptone esekelwe kumhluzi, i-gelatin okanye i-agar. Ukuba i-substrate eneqinileyo okanye i-semi-liquid iyakwenziwa, 2-3% okanye i-0.2-0.3% i-gelatin okanye i-agar, ngokulandelanayo, yongezwa kumanzi. Zidlala indima enkulu ekuqiniseni umxube, kodwa akukho ndlela ivela kuyo izondlo. Ngaloo ndlela, kufumaneka amajelo ezondlo ezifanelekileyo ezifanelekileyo ukukhula kwenkcubeko yebhakteria.