Iintlawulo Non-cash - it ... Umbutho lwentlawulo ikheshi entlanganweni. Iintlobo zamaxwebhu yentlawulo

Iintlawulo ikheshi - kukuthi, ngathi, iimpahla kuqoqosho. Bona eziveliswa ngokwenza iintlawulo kwi-akhawunti zebhanki yaye zilawulwa yi-Code Civil (Chap. 45 no 46), i-Regulation kwi ekubaleni non-cash uhlobo Central Bank of Russia Inombolo Inombolo 2-P evela 12.04.2001, imali idluliselwe kwi-akhawunti yebhanki Mhlawuli ukuya kwi-akhawunti yebhanki lomthengisi (kumamkeli).

Uguqulo kwentlawulo non-cash kwi yesixhobo sentlawulo ephambili ubonisa kwinqanaba elithile lophuhliso loqoqosho. Kumazwe aphuhlileyo eziinkozo turnover yi malunga ne-5% yabo bebonke imali ingeniso. Iintlawulo ikheshi ukuvumela yibhanki eyongameleyo ukulawula imali nengeniso ye-Russian Federation. Ngoncedo lwabo kwandiswa kakhulu imali kwegazi, kwakheka imali okwethutyana simahla, yaye ngoncedo lwabo inkqubo logcino siqaqambisa ikhono layo ukuboleka. Kwakhona ngenxa ukukhawulezisa ejikeleza emali (kunye nenkcubeko kunye "chain" of Marx 'Iimpahla-Imali-Iimpahla "), okukhawulezileyo izinto ejikeleza sikarhulumente.

Ukuma kweemodyuli ejikeleza emali

Njengoko usazi, ukususela 1992, iintlawulo non-cash eRashiya zihlahlelwe zilawulwa ngoncedo i-Bank of Russia kuthathelwa ingqalelo lokubolekwa emali, apho iintlobo amaqela ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo imali. Yintoni na isiqulatho yabo yezoqoqosho, ungabona kuMfanekiso 1.

Scheme 1. Modular Isakhiwo emali

Iyunithi M _0, ngokutsho ingcamango zoqobo, ehlanganisa imali, imali kwi-akhawunti card, imali-elektroniki kwaye iitsheki, okt - .. I-asethi ezininzi lulwelo kakhulu. Iimpahla ukuba ngokukhutheleyo usebenzisa abantu emzimbeni. Ifomula, kunye nayo uzimisele, imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: M0 = C + iitshekhi (1).

ubhalo intw unit M ₁ xa kuthelekiswa M0 kuboniswa Ifomula 2: M ₁ = M ₀ + imali akhawunti ezikhoyo ngoku iibhanki (2).

Le yunithi kwakhona ubonisa imisebenzi loshishino amaqumrhu asemthethweni, baba imali akhawunti zangoku kunye zokuhlala kunye nokusebenzisa ukuze ishishini.

Iyunithi _M-2, ke, lo zincedisa kumatshini M _1. Oku kuquka imali ubhalo engxamisekileyo, t. E. Imali idipozithi lwamaphepha kunye needipozithi. Ngenxa yoko, a Amatyala ixesha elide kwinkqubo yogcino-mali.

In imali - isixhobo intlawulo main

Njengezibonelo classical kwentlawulo non-cash yemali aggregate - it ihlanganisa M ₁ M _2.

Ngaphezu koko, njengoko ingxelo ye-First uSekela Sihlalo we-Central Bank Georgiya Ivanovicha Luntovskogo, kungoku nje isixhobo sentlawulo ephambili iRashiya zisekhona nemali. Noko ke, isabelo sawo M2 aggregate lihlile ukusuka 35.2% ngo-2005 ukuya 23.8% (data ekupheleni kuka-2012)

Umbutho ingeniso yabo - eninzi: ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo eziinkozo, inkqubo yokuqokelela, njl Ngelo xesha, amazwe Western le ndima udlalwa ubukhulu becala kwiintlawulo non-cash ... Imali kakhulu ukunciphisa izinga ingeniso yemali - omnye wemiba noqoqosho olutshintshayo.

Indlela of akhawunti iveze

Iintlawulo ikheshi - yenye imisebenzi ebhankini. Eyisebenzisa kunye kancinane ukuvula yebhanki akhawunti lweshishini self-exhasayo ngoku - ngezimali kwimibutho mali. Njengoko indlela yebhanki akhawunti incwadi. kuyasebenza njani le nkqubo?

Simela isimo: A Inkampani uthenga iimveliso lenkampani kunye B byi yayo non-cash. Njani na ithuba? Ngoncedo zokuhlala phakathi yebhanki umthengi lowo (B-A) kunye yebhanki umthengisi (B-B), okt. E. Amaziko emali, apho siya kuqwalaselwa nkampani yavula akhawunti zabo zangoku. Ngokucacileyo, ibhanki othengayo kunento ukudlulisa akhawunti wakhe imali non-mali efanelekileyo yebhanki umthengisi ukuya akhawunti yakhe. Ukuze afeze oku, iibhanki ezimbini ukuvula akhawunti kumnxulumanisi Central Bank of Russia (CBR): COP. Ngoko ke, iintlawulo non-cash - i iinkonzo zemali iibhanki abathengi zoshishino ngokusebenzisa akhawunti incwadi. Makhe sibuyele imeko yethu, kokubini BA kunye akhawunti kumnxulumanisi ye ebhankini, ndaza ibhanki ovule kuyo i-BB kwiziko ofanayo - Central Bank (ngokulandelelana: COP kunye COP-BA-BB).

wenza njani inkqubo kweentlawulo ikheshi, ezilungiselelwe yi-Central Bank? Ngezigaba ezintathu.

• Kuqala. IQumrhu A likhuphela iingxowa-mali ka imicimbi engekenziwa kwi-akhawunti yakho ekhoyo kwi-akhawunti correspondent ka B-A, bamthethela umgcini ukuhlawula otyalayo B. yayo
• Yesibini. uxwebhu Iintlawulo lweshishini ke ibhanki yakhe BA eyalela yibhanki eyongameleyo ukubhala le mali olungqamelanayo kwi-akhawunti correspondent le COP-BA kwi-akhawunti imibiko eli yebhanki, othengisayo makangenzi inkonzo COP-BB.
• Okwesithathu. Bank B, tracking kwengeniso ngenxa yayo bevele TT-B, abeza ndaphawula isixa sentlawulo kwidilesi ye client B bakhe, kunye transfers kwi-akhawunti yakhe ekuhloleni. Intlawulo non-cash sisiseko yemali ingeniso kwezoqoqosho.

Kuba akhawunti yebhanki imibiko na isakhiwo kabini - lwangaphandle (NOSTRO kuvulwa CB) kunye yangaphakathi (loro - akhawunti okuncedisana lwangaphakathi). balances akhawunti kwi-akhawunti yangaphakathi kunye NOSTRO okuncedisana zibonisa specularly omnye komnye. njalo zatshekishwa ngamnye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba omabini amacala akhawunti ahambelanayo.

Settlement ngu nemiyalelo yentlawulo

Amaninzi, iintlawulo non-cash ziqalwa ngumbutho-Mhlawuli. Uya ebhankini, ukukhonza akhawunti yayo zokuhlala kunye nesicelo uxwebhu - ukutshintshela kwi-akhawunti kwi-akhawunti umamkeli. Uxwebhu ebonisa isibheno, ebizwa umyalelo yentlawulo. Isampulu kuwo ubona kulo mzobo ungezantsi.

Esebenzisa odolo zentlawulo zenziwa iintlawulo non-cash kwiindawo ukutshintshwa kweemali-mali kunye nemali extrabudgetary; ukubalwa ngamahlakani apha ekuhambeni imisebenzi yabo ishishini; credit kunye idipozithi zebhanki izivumelwano; Ezinye iintengiselwano non-cash.

amaxwebhu amiselweyo iintlawulo ikheshi

Ukumila kweli xwebhu nemigaqo kokugcwaliswa yayo kuchongwa Regulation ye-Central Bank inombolo 2-p of 03.10.2002 noko athi inombolo 1256-U of 03.03.2003, i (amaxwebhu efanayo ehanjiswa kunye nezinye iintlobo kweentlawulo non-cash).

Ukumqesha abantu uxanduva imali ukuhlawula umbutho, ngokuqhelekileyo umlawuli (chief) kunye accountant oyintloko. Yokufundisa ixesha elithile semthethweni ziintsuku ezili-10, zamadoda imini xa umyalelo yentlawulo apha. Isampulu emelwe kulo mzobo, kumele ukuba luphunyezwe kwidama yi iisiginitsha ngasentla kwaye ingabonisa kulo linakho. Le yokugqibela unyanzelekile ukuba athathe ingqalelo iintlawulo zabo kwirejista ekhethekileyo

imibutho iintlawulo ikheshi (namashishini)

Umbutho kwentlawulo non-cash entlanganweni (kwishishini) kukhawulelana umda lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho phakathi kwala maziko. inkampani ikheshi ufumana ingeniso evela kwintengiso yemveliso kwalo (iinkonzo), kwaye umbutho - mali ukwenza imisebenzi yayo. Ezi mali zidluliselwa kwi-akhawunti ye nkampani okanye umbutho kwiimeko ezininzi, umyalelo yentlawulo. Ingeniso engumphumela inxenye echithwa kwi zokuhlala kunye namashishini lokuveza. Ukuya ukuhlawula irhafu kunye neentlawulo imbopheleleko kwiingxowa off-mali. Kulo mzekelo, iintlawulo zenziwa ngaphakathi imali eseleyo kwi-akhawunti yangoku lweshishini (umbutho) okanye kuluhlu inikwa ngumntu mboleko ebhankini.

Kule meko kukho regularities ezithile ezo ntlawulo.

Imithetho-siseko yombutho kweentlawulo non-cash lwamashishini (imibutho)

Umbutho kwentlawulo non-cash entlanganweni (kwishishini) olulawulwa yimigaqo ethile:

1. Iimali ziyabanjwa kwi-akhawunti yebhanki lweshishini (umbutho).
2. Enterprise (umbutho) bakhululekile ukuba ukhethe njengoko zebhanki inkonzo, kunye neentlobo kweentlawulo ikheshi.
3. Ukuvulwa iingxelo yangoku lweshishini (umbutho) ilawulwa yi ngugunyaziwe werhafu.
4. Isiseko ukuba ubhale-off-asethi iyafumaneka kumniniyo.
5. Iintlawulo ngezimvo kufutshane ngexesha ukuthunyelwa kwempahla, izinto yekrwada.

intlawulo elandelayo

Iintlawulo Non-cash xa kuthe yokunqongophala kwemali kwi-akhawunti yangoku inkampani (iinkampani) zenziwa kwi ngqo le nkqubo osekwe, kulawulwa yi Art. 855 of Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Okokuqala zonke iintlawulo zenziwe writs umonakalo kwimpilo, kwakunye ukuze idlulise isondlo. Eyesibini - on writs lokubulawa enxulumene yokuqhawula iintlawulo, iintlawulo ababhali umsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni. Isigaba sesithathu iquka iintlawulo ngemivuzo, transfer of iirhafu (iimali), iintlawulo ze-inshorensi ukuya mali. Owesine - kuba abanye writs. In indawo yesihlanu - kuba amanye amaxwebhu yentlawulo. Umyalelo zokuhlala msulwa elawulwa iibhanki. Kwimeko yokuhlukunyezwa, ngokungqinelana nemigaqo emiselwe yi Art. 866 of the Code Civil, ibhanki ngenxa yokungakhathali wayesenza umsebenzi esweni, ahlawule inzala ngokungqinelana ne Art. 395 of the Code Civil.

iintlobo zeMveli yamaxwebhu yentlawulo

Izifundo RF iintlawulo non-cash, ukongezelela kwii-odolo intlawulo, ukusetyenziswa kunye nezinye: iincwadi ngetyala, imiyalelo ukuqokelelwa, iintlawulo ngekhompyutha, izicelo intlawulo - odolo, itshekhi.

Ileta mboleko ndakuzuza ithuba umthengisi, okt. E. I umntu ekubhaliswe ubabalo wavula incwadi ngetyala. Uhanjiselo-umthengi uya kwibhanki yakhe isicelo - incwadi ngetyala. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa ifomu kwifom 0401063. Ibhanki ngokwesiseko komyalelo luthembisa ukwenza nokuqinisekisa ukuhlawula iimpahla ezithile kusiwa amaxwebhu ekuvunyelwene. imali Intlawulo kunye nokuphunyezwa ixesha elibekiweyo umyalelo. Ngoko ke, lo umthengisi kweempahla ufumana intlawulo kwemaliu, nokuba ngeendleko umthengi, okanye ngeendleko-mboleko yebhanki efunyenwe nguye. Ibhanki ukukhupha iya ebhankini umthengisi (olawulo bank). Ngokuncama "Iileta credit" yesigqeba ebhankini kwi-akhawunti othengayo kaThixo wadlulisela imali, yena enlists wawo.

Iitsheki zikhutshwa kwi kwitanki kumnini lokukhangela, kwaye sebenzisa ukuze kuhlawulwe imali kokha ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ntetho kwitshekhi.

Xa kwingqokelela iintlawulo non-cash egameni lomniki umqalisi. Yena uyalela ibhanki yakhe ukufumana imali yi-umhlawuli, kwaye ityala ngazo kwi-akhawunti yakho ekuhloleni.

Systems Payment Electronic

leminyaka xxi usinike indlela phambili yokubala - electronic iintlawulo. Ukuphunyezwa Iintlawulo ikheshi iye ifikeleleke ngakumbi. Le lomxhasi nangaliphi na ixesha ukuthumela imali esuka ikhadi lakho okanye i-akhawunti ka "isipaji yekhompyutha", wavula kwinkqubo yentlawulo ngekhompyutha, kwenye i-akhawunti okanye ikhadi. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba wenze intlawulo ngalo naliphi na ixesha, olusuka kwiPC yakho, kuquka ikhaya umoya bekhululekile.

Ukwenza oku kwi PC efakiweyo WEB-app WM-Ndingumgcini Light, efowuni - Telepat.

Ngoku abasebenzisi Russian sebenzisa iinkonzo emashumini ezimbalwa iinkqubo zentlawulo. Ngo-1998 kwabakho inkqubo PayCash ngo-1999 - ngu WebMoney, ngo-2002 - "Yandex". Ezi nkqubo yentlawulo befezekile kunye nenkqubo yentlawulo ikhadi ngamazwe kunye MastercardMass VisaInternational. Imisebenzi yeenkqubo zekhompyutha imali lilawulwa nguMthetho Federal "Kwi-National Payment System."

isiphelo

Ngokucacileyo, kuye kwasasazwa wolawulo-Russian Federation ngoku isakhiwo akwanelanga eliguqukayo, ekubeni kusekho inani eliphezulu labantu kuyo kuhlala lweentlawulo ngemali.

Ngelo xesha, uphuhliso iintlawulo ikheshi kuye ngombono. Ngapha koko, ubugcisa zemali kwenkulungwane xxi ekukhuthazeni bezimali. Ngokukodwa, uphuhliso information technology wenze iintlawulo ngekhompyutha kwi isixhobo lula yaye ubhetyebhetye. Kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela Ukufumana ngcono kakhulu, liye laba ngokukhawuleza yaye athembeke. Noko ke, ukuba ukuphuculwa ebalulekileyo lwentlawulo non-cash iya kufuna structured ngakumbi iinzame emanyeneyo kwicandelo logcino, iinkqubo zentlawulo kunye noshishino.