Iintlanga zehlabathi; igama, imbali umdla facts

Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba iintlanga ezininzi mandulo zehlabathi endiyibumbileyo iminyaka engamawaka emithandathu eyadlulayo, noko shwaka ebusweni bomhlaba, esishiya kwinkumbulo inzala kwimeko engcono, amagama abo. Ke phakathi kwabo kukho abo eniwelela ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, baye bakwazi kuzo zonke izigaba zembali ukuba ziziqhelanise izinto liyatshintsha kwaye ngaloo ndlela siphile ngokuvisisana imihla yethu.

Ubume lokuqala World Ancient

akukho Asikavumelani apho naxa waba impucuko yokuqala ehlabathini, abaphandi, kodwa inkoliso yazo bavumelana kukuba, kubonakala, kwaba imo yiSumere. Kwenziwa ekupheleni BC ngenkulungwane IV kummandla akumazantsi eMesopotamiya (southern Iraq) yaye yathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama amawaka amabini, kuye wanyamalala, eshiya eninzi ezikhumbuzo amasiko nezithethe zabo, bufunyenwe ngethuba zamaqula. Njengezinye izizwe ezininzi wamandulo ehlabathini, wawa phantsi Ukuhlasela zabahlaseli.

Ekuqaleni karhulumente impucuko, njengoko umthetho, asezikhundleni indawo encinane kakhulu yaye akazange kwahluka kwabantu abaninzi. Yaziwa, umzekelo, ukuba phakathi kwenkulungwane yesine BC kwi Valley umNayile kuphela kukho ke bengaphezu kwamashumi amane. Iziko ngalinye kubo isixeko enqatyisiweyo, leyo kwaku yokuhlala umlawuli wetempile, isithixo wengingqi kakhulu iziqu.

Ixoxo nexoxo liyazigxumela

lwezizwe zakudala zelimiweyo uphelayo kumzabalazo ukusinda, njengoko umhlaba otyebileyo ekunqabe, yaye abaviwa kuzigqogqa - lukhulu. Ngenxa yeemfazwe obungenasiphelo imfazwe, apho umbusi wendawo wenze njengoko wayeyinkokeli, yaye kwimeko impumelelo wakhokela imisebenzi zokunkcenkceshela. yabasebenzi ikhoboka esetyenziswa kancinane, ngokuba ngenxa primitiveness kwezixhobo ukugcina inani elikhulu amabanjwa ziyingozi. Zidla zife, eshiya abafazi kuphela kanye intsha.

Education of Ancient Egypt State

Lo mfanekiso kwatshintsha ekuqaleni BC kwenkulungwane yesine, xa impumelelo ezininzi potentates basekuhlaleni, ezantsi kwimbali waya phantsi igama likaFaro Minesa ikwazile ukuba ndizinyathele iintlanga ezininzi abahlala kunye. Amagama kumazwe yamandulo ehlabathini, abaye bangenela ubukumkani entsha, uninzi lwazo kuhlala ayaziwa, kodwa ziye zanika kubekho impucuko enkulu Egyptologists mihla kubiza ubukumkani Early.

Kubo bonke naseburhulumenteni, Egypt uthathwa omdala. imbali yayo iya umva iinkulungwane, yaye malunga mane abaphandi yohlulwe zigaba eziliqela, nganye eneyazo awohluke yalo kurhulumente kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Oku ekhethekileyo inkcubeko yalo ilizwe koFaro alusincedanga kwihlabathi iintlobo ezininzi zobugcisa, koko mazinatyiselwe kwamanye amazwekazi.

Armenia, ababevela emkhosini waloo elidlulileyo

Ubume yokuqala zehlabathi lamandulo, alondolozwe ukuba imihla yethu, inkoliso yabo abaye sisincoko eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo nobuhlanga labantu kuthelekiswa ngomhla yangoku. Umzekelo eArmenia, uniko manani ezibini nesiqingatha iminyaka eliwaka ngembali yaso, kodwa, ngenxa kwabaphandi, owasungula ngaphambili kakhulu kwaye sasivela ubukumkani yamandulo Armagh, Shubra, apho yayikhona ngenkulungwane XII BC.

Kuloo minyaka ukuba umxube oluntsonkothileyo encinane, kodwa geqe kunye neentlanga ezihlala ziguquka omnye. Ngenxa indlela ende imbali yesizwe Armenian lamiswa esekelwe phezu kwazo. Igama kakhulu ngurhulumente isandi sayo mihla kuqala ezikhankanywe kuxwebhu malunga 522 BC. Apho Armenia ichazwa njengendlela indawo ilawulwe ePersi zibekwe phezu kwintsimi ayengasekho ngexesha imo yamandulo Urartu.

isimo Old Iranian

Omnye imeko yamandulo ihlabathi Iran. Relative nexesha imvelaphi yayo, izazinzulu ziyavuma ukuba wabumba ekhoyo kwindawo enye kwiminyaka engamawaka emihlanu edlulileyo, mawuxelwe uElam Bible karhulumente. Kwi-BC VII kwinkulungwane, urhulumente wase iye kakhulu kwandiswa nommandla wayo, ukomeleza kwezoqoqosho uguqulwe ubukumkani enamandla uYarebhi namaMedi,, ngokobungakanani layo lidlula intsimi yangoku Iranian. inegalelo yasemkhosini ukuze ekuhambeni kwexesha, amaMedi bakwazi ukuyoyisa undefeated de ngoko Asiriya kwaye ndazithoba abamelwane babo ezingqonge enkulu.

Iran, kwakunye neentlanga ezininzi yamandulo zehlabathi, ngomlilo nangekrele, wenza indlela yakhe eya elizayo. Ezikhumbuzo ezindala iincwadi yamandulo Iranian - "Avesta" - ibizwa ngokuba 'ilizwe Aryans. " kamva izizwe Bakha kwindawo engundoqo yabantu Iranian, baye bafudukela kuwo ukusuka kwimimandla esemantla eCaucasus kunye kumathafa Central Asia. Ngokukhawuleza agxile abantu non-Aryan zasekuhlaleni, ke lula bakwazi ukumisela ulawulo phezu lonke elo lizwe.

Impucuko of China Ancient

Uhide iintlanga zehlabathi; kakhulu malilungiselelwe izenzakalo imbali, umntu akakwazi ukulibala China. Ngokutsho izazinzulu eli lizwe mpuma, kwavela kweminyaka ungadlulanga owe amawaka amahlanu eyadlulayo ngempucuko nommandla wayo, nangona inani iirekhodi ezibhalwe ibonisa bebudala bungaphantsi kancinci - iminyaka eliwaka amathathu anamakhulu amathandathu. Ngeli xesha, ziphawulwe ngokuthi kolawulo Shang Dynasty, eli lizwe yasekwa inkqubo engqongqo yezolawulo, rhoqo ukuphucula kwaye lugubungela yonke imiba yoluntu.

iimeko zendalo eTshayina, ukuphuhlisa elisengqayini le Yellow River kunye iteksti River, ngoyena wayemthanda uphuhliso kwezolimo, oko kuchazwa, umlinganiswa lezolimo kuqoqosho lweli. Bathe ke bona abanye, ecaleni nazo iintlanga zamandulo zelimiweyo kwiindawo weentaba kunye emathafeni ezingafanelekanga ukuba wokufama.

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo, China waqhuba umgaqo-nkqubo esebenzayo bomsebenzi, ukuba amathuba ezaneleyo kwezoqoqosho wavumela ukuba ukwandisa kakhulu kwintsimi yayo kakade enkulu. Yaziwa ngokubanzi kwaziwa njani omkhulu inqanaba yenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko e-China yamandulo. Kwanele ukukhankanya ukuba ngenkulungwane XI BC, abemi balo ulonwabele ikhalenda kwenyanga kwaye bazazi iziseko yokubhala yamandulo. Ehlabathini xesha, eli lizwe kwabonakala umkhosi rhoqo wadala qho yobungcali.

-Cradle of the kwimpucuko yaseYurophu

Le isihloko fanele eGrisi ngumthetho. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba malunga namawaka amahlanu eminyaka eyadlulayo, kwisiqithi saseKrete ibe likhaya banenkcubeko eyahluke mpela, ekugqibeleni kwalutyhutyha nezwe. Kuwo kwixesha kuqala iziseko sokumiswa, urhwebo lusekiwe kwaye ubudlelwane amazwe East, kwakunye nokubhala yavela kwimo yaso mihla kunye sisiseko komthetho.

Karhulumente kunye noMthetho ihlabathi lamandulo ufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu yophuhliso yayo kunxweme weAegean, apho kwi BC leminyaka yokuqala kwakukho yimpucuko ehambele phambili ngelo xesha. Yaba isakhiwo karhulumente ephuhliswe kakuhle, wakha phezu imodeli despotism Oriental , kwaye kwafuneka ekuchithweni kwayo a sama eziphuhlileyo. Impembelelo Greece kwixesha elifutshane sinabele kwiindawo ezinkulu Northern Black Sea Coast, South Italy kunye Asia Minor.

Nangona into yokuba, ngokwembali, igama Hellas bobabo eGrisi yamandulo, namhlanje abantu beli lizwe kunye wabele kurhulumente mihla, ngaloo ndlela egxininisa uxhulumaniso inkcubeko esikhulu ezo ziziindlalifa.

Eli lizwe, nesuka naseziqithini

Kwaye ekupheleni lexi u faneleke u swi tsundzuka enye, eli xesha uhlanga yesiqithi lufikile ehlabathini lethu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo - yi Japan. Ngo-661 BC waqalisa ulawulo lwalo umlawuli wokuqala Jimmu. umsebenzi wakhe waqalisa ukumisela ulawulo phezu Nqabakazi, nto leyo into eye bangenziwa kakhulu ngezigalo, njengoko bokuphathisana akheke.

Ekuphuhlisweni kwawo, Japan sele iwupasisile ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Nangona imeko yehlabathi lamandulo, imbali leyo enxulumene imfazwe, wabonakala phezu ehlabathini, yaye emva koko yanyamalala, azafunyanelwa ndawo, ezweni ilanga eliphumayo ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ikwazile ukuba angaphindi ukungazinzi embi kwezopolitiko kunye nezentlalo. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, oku kube negalelo elikhulu bodwa geographical karhulumente. Ngokukodwa, kuba lowo asindiswe ilizwe evela Mongol ukuhlasela, itshayelwe ngexesha lakhe inxalenye enkulu Asia.

Eli lizwe ngokwawo kwiinkulungwane

Japan - lizwe kuphela apho amabini kunye zeminyaka nesiqingatha siyakhuselwa ngokulandelelana dynastic eli gunya, yaye phantse ayitshintshi imida imilo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba sicinge ukuba eli lizwe kakhulu, ugcinwe phantse ngendlela yayo yoqobo, njengokuba ezinye iintlanga zamandulo zehlabathi, Akwazi ukoyisa indlela ubudala ubudala, ngokuphindaphindiweyo yatshintsha nebala layo kwezopolitiko.