History of radio

"Radio" ngoku amagama kakhulu aqhelekileyo kunye eqhelekileyo. Kweli hlabathi wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ukudluliselwa kolwazi "ngaphandle iingcingo" zisebenzisa amaza erediyo. Kodwa kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo, akukho namnye unako zicamange akukho onjalo. History of the unomathotholo, enyanisweni, nto inika umdla gqitha. De kube ngoku, ababhali-mbali niphikisana ngubani na umenzi kunjalo kuwo - Popov okanye Marconi.

Ngawo onke amaxesha, injini inkqubo kwakukho uqhagamshelo. Emva ngo-1864 ubukho amaza kwangaphambili isondlo J. Maxwell. kweminyaka Ngaphantsi kwe-25 benza ekudalweni ezi Hertz amaza. Ebudeni uthotho experimenti Awalimisayo ithiyori Maxwell waza waqhubeka nomsebenzi waqala yi ezihlangwini zakhe. Isiphumo yaba kukudala isixhobo olungele yokudlulisela nokufumana amaza ziyafana. Le umdlali oye kuqhubekani wasebenza kuphela kumgama isibini yeemitha. Oku yayisisiqalo inkqubela, kodwa kwakufuneka enze into enye ukuba uqhagamshelwano lokwenene - ogqibeleleyo, ngeso enamandla. Ngelishwa, i Hertz wafa yityhefu okukhulu kwegazi, kodwa akayeki imbali unomathotholo apho.

uluntu Academic emhlabeni eliye enomdla experiments ka Hertz. Yaye kungekudala kakhulu ukuphinda-wavula indlela akwamkele entsha ebuthathaka. Senza oku eliNgesi kunye engumFrentshi O. Lodge E.Branli. Bafumanisa ukuba ezinye ityhubhu ezele umgubo wentsimbi iphendula kakuhle ngamaza. Xa samaza nyebelele yintlantsi yokuqala, wathabatha isignali ethile yaye liqhuba yangoku. Noko ke, ngenxa yokwamkela le coherer uphawu elandelayo (ityhubhu) kuyimfuneko ukuba angcangcazelise kancinane, kubuyisela ngaloo kwindawo yokuqala.

Ezi amalinge baba nomdla engineer Russian Alexander Popov, ukuqonda omhle imfuneko yonxibelelwano engasebenzi ngeengcingo. Yena waqala ukufuna kwakhe isicelo practice, "amaza Hertz". Kwafuneka ukuba umatshini ukuze coherer ngokwakhe "twitching" emva umqondiso ngamnye lokukwazi nangoko uthabathe elinye elilandelayo.

Apha iqala imbali kanomathotholo developer Russian. Popov wafumana isisombululo ukunyanzela elula yayo enyulu. To connect ityhubhu intsimbi yombane. Xa uphawu ring ngesando coherer flip, ngaloo ndlela sibuyele endaweni yaso yesiqhelo. Ukususela isandi kwayo kube lula ukufumana iziganeko ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki ngoko ethandwayo ikhowudi worse. Enye umatshini udityaniswe ebuhlanti ukuze ukubona imiqondiso ebhantini ehamba. Le reception radio and transmission (kumgama oziimitha 60) Popov wabonisa ngo-1895. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa imbali radio yoluntu. Emva koko wadala isixhobo ezisa inzuzo - "Isalathisi zihlasela 'ukuba kubhaliswe umbane kwi tape. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ubuhlobo uye wasebenza 250 m. Eli tyala yaba yimpumelelo, kodwa umphumo lokugqibela efunekayo umsebenzi omninzi kunye nexesha.

Ngelo xesha G. Marconi, omnye Italian oselula owayesebenza ngokukhutheleyo umsebenzi ofanayo, kodwa ezinye iindlela. Hi ndlela leyi, yakhe schemes balwamkele phantse akukho ezahlukeneyo nakolu khetho Popov. Unxibelelwano nayo ezosulela kuphela phezu imigama emifutshane. Kodwa umyili Italian wayeqinisekile ngakumbi ngokukhawuleza kangangoko babefuna ukufumana isicelo kwale nkqubo. Koko wabakhuthaza ukuba imizimba ezahlukeneyo State, kodwa abavumanga. Kwaye kuphela ngo-1897 waza wanikwa ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kwi United Kingdom. Imbali kanomathotholo, wamisa i Italian, beza eRashiya, ukuba Popov waphendula kakhulu ngokwaneleyo, ucinga ukuba Marconi kuqala nobuganga uthathe isiseko practical eligangathiweyo wafikelela ukuhlola bakhe, iziphumo ezigqwesileyo.

Emva kwexesha elithile, uphuhliso zombini Italian kwaye Russian, baye bafumana izicelo zazo zepraktikhali. Marconi izixhobo wasebenzisa Prince of Wales kwi kwezikhephe "Osborne". A bt Popov wasindiswa babengabalobi 50 usebenzisa isixhobo sayo sonxibelelwano engenazingcingo, xa uvumelekile ukulungisa umyalelo radiogram ingxaki abalobi.

Kwaye Popov, kunye Marconi bethatha ukusebenza ekuphuculeni unxibelelwano engasebenzi ngeengcingo. Kuyenzeka ukuphucula umgangatho ukuphumeza ukwandisa umgama phakathi balwamkele. Ibali ayipheli kunye nophuhliso kanomathotholo, kuba ngokuhamba kwexesha kwacaca practical ngakumbi kwaye zithembekile, aguqule kancinane kwaye kuphuculwe.