Iimoto yokuqala ehlabathini

Kwathi nje ukuba kwimbali ikhomishini lwezona ezinkulu zisoloko zibangela ukuba kubekho udederhu eyazenzekelayo. Ngenxa ukuqondana banal kunye neemoto kuqala.

Ukwakha "self-ngokwaso buyo" phupha iingqondo ezinkulu ezininzi. ULeonardo da Vinci babesebenza imizobo emotweni yokuqala. wagon wakhe drive spring kwi Renaissance inxaxheba kwimiju- neminyhadala womthonyama. Izazinzulu Florence ngo-2004 ukusungulwa uyilo Da Vinci sisinde imizobo kunye nomzobo. Oku kungqina ngokucacileyo ukuba iimoto yokuqala kakuhle khona apho ixesha umsunguli enkulu.

Kodwa spring drive abavela akazange sithembele ukuthembeka indlela. Sebenzela imifuziselo phambili ngakumbi yaqhubeka. Kwaye ukufunyanwa elandelayo yaba kusungulwe Russian Polzunova oomatshini kumatshini ngomphunga oluzenzekelayo. Ngokwawo, lo matshini abangeni, kodwa wakwazi ukuguqula amandla amafutha ibe amandla obushushu, nto leyo negalelo kwinkqubo vaporization kwibhoyila. A pair enokuphenduleka ngexesha elinye ingasetyenziswa ngokwengqiqo yabo. Ngenxa ye-injini Polzunova French Umsunguli N. Cugnot wadala esingazihambeliyo buyo. Kuye lasetyenziswa isithuthi ukuthuthwa imipu. Iinqwelo kunye ngomphunga sibeka ubunzima kunye ubungakanani ungakhuphisana iilori mihla. Yintoni malini amafutha kuphela ubunzima zamanzi ezifunekayo ukuze kwayo. Ezinobunzima enjalo isantya isithuthi yokuqala phantse ufikelela 4 km / h.

injini haunted kuphela ngolwasemzini. Ivan Kulibin, umqambi adumileyo self-efundisa, yaye basebenza ukuphuhlisa imoto. nokuma kwawo kwakungekho nzima ngaphezu engumFrentshi. Xa inqwelo-kulibinskoy iibheringi samokatke zaye ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo lomlingani zochuku, lo handwheel, evumela okwandileyo turnover shaft waqhekeza, nkqu okwimo gearbox. Noko ke, iimoto yokuqala Kulibina ayifumanekanga isicelo ngokoqobo.

kanjalo imbali neemoto sintyumpantyumpeka le injini ukuba Gottlieb Daimler kunye uKarl Benz akazange adale i injini ipetroli. Kakade ke, Ndimnike ngokupheleleyo kula madoda mabini ezinkulu, ubuqaqawuli injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi fyabo kungaba okungalungile. Engenabulungisa kwezinye abahleli 400, kuquka njengononjineli Nicholas Otto, ufumene ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ukuba injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi.

ICE imbonakalo yaba kukutshintsha kwimbali koomatshini esingazihambeliyo. Ngoku UKarl Benz , ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngokuchanileyo zimelwe oko imoto wokuqala ngokuqinileyo ukuhanjwa amabali. Ngowe-1886, Benz zapatentovyvaet indalo yakhe entsha - self-esingazihambeliyo buyo. Njengoko amandla uqhuba ukuba wasebenzisa injini ipetroli. Okuphoxayo kukuba, elinye umyili waseJamani, Gottlieb Daimler, idala yalila efanayo. Kulo mzekelo abacebi amabini asebenza ngokuzimeleyo. Nangona unyaka phambi Daimler wadala isiBeki yokuqala kunye isithuthuthu, umxakatho imoto umqambi wavuka kanye Benz.

Iimoto okuqala Karla Bentsa Wheeler ezintathu zokulwa kabini. Endaweni amahashe, ukuba zingene ipetroli injini yendlela ngamanzi-lupholile. I-injini yabekwa kwindawo oxwesileyo ngaphezu asi angasemva. Le torque idluliselwe asi ngokusebenzisa chain amabini kunye transmission nebhanti. Ukuqalisa umyili injini wamisela ibhetri galvanic. Ngaphandle kokuba isakhelo isithuthi ubunjwe iityhubhu zesinyithi yaye ethe-ethe kakhulu, kwaye isantya esiphezulu apho umqhubi akwazi ukubala ayidluli 16 km / h, kwaba inkqubela eziphathekayo kwimbali zobunjineli. Kuyinto le amaqela kamva wenza abayili bamajikazi ukuba ukudala-high speed cars mihla.